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| 1 | 2018年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员任命,代表各领域的医学专家。严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。不允许写作组成员对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。所有推荐意见必须得到写作组成员的一致通过,除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票。由4名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发布前评审。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/美国心脏协会2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版美国心脏协会指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于目前可获得的最佳证据。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J. Powers Alejandro A. Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M. Adeoye Nicholas C. Bambakidis Kyra Becker José Biller Michael Brown Bart M. Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C. Jauch Chelsea S. Kidwell Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A. Scott Kevin N. Sheth Andrew M. Southerland Deborah V. Summers David L. Tirschwell 徐加平 刘慧慧 张霞 石际俊 黄志超 尤寿江 郭志良 肖国栋 杜万良 曹勇军 | 2018 | 国际脑血管病杂志2018，26，2： | 19 |
| 2 | 经气管灌注血管紧张素Ⅱ导致凋亡性急性肺损伤(英文)显示文摘为研究外源性血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,ANG)在急性肺损伤和肺泡上皮细胞凋亡中的作用,经气管分别给雄性Wistar大鼠(175~200g)灌注ANG、ANG加caspase抑制剂ZVAD-fmk、ANG加ANG受体1阻断剂losartan和仅灌注磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)。6或20h后在体灌洗动物肺脏,测定灌洗液中血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)和荧光物质(BODIPY)标定的白蛋白含量(在灌洗前15min静脉注入BODIPY-白蛋白)。TUNEL测定显示,灌注ANG6h后,支气管和肺泡上皮细胞内标定的DNA片断显著增加(P<0.05);ANG所致的DNA片断增加可被同时灌注ZVAD-fmk或losartan阻断。灌注ANG后免疫标定caspase3阳性细胞数量显著增多(P<0.01),ZVAD-fmk或losartan同样显著减少caspase3阳性细胞的数量。灌注ANG显著增加肺泡灌洗液中荧光标定的白蛋白(P<0.01)和Hb的含量(P<0.05);ZVAD-fmk或losartan亦显著抑制荧光白蛋白和Hb含量的变化。结果表明,肺泡上皮细胞在体暴露于外源性ANG足以引起ANG受体1介导的上皮细胞凋亡和肺泡屏障损伤。 | 庄甲举 李小鹏 Bruce David Uhal Koh Rhun Yian | 2008 | 生理学报2008，60，6： | 7 |
| 3 | Novel Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Variants Detected Through the Use of Massively Parallel Sequencing显示文摘Massively parallel sequencing(MPS) technology is capable of determining the sizes of short tandem repeat(STR) alleles as well as their individual nucleotide sequences. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) within the repeat regions of STRs and variations in the pattern of repeat units in a given repeat motif can be used to differentiate alleles of the same length. In this study, MPS was used to sequence 28 forensically-relevant Y-chromosome STRs in a set of 41 DNA samples from the 3 major U.S. population groups(African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics).The resulting sequence data, which were analyzed with STRait Razor v2.0, revealed 37 unique allele sequence variants that have not been previously reported. Of these, 19 sequences were variations of documented sequences resulting from the presence of intra-repeat SNPs or alternative repeat unit patterns. Despite a limited sampling, two of the most frequently-observed variants were found only in African American samples. The remaining 18 variants represented allele sequences for which there were no published data with which to compare. These findings illustrate the great potential of MPS with regard to increasing the resolving power of STR typing and emphasize the need for sample population characterization of STR alleles. | David H.Warshauer Jennifer D.Churchill Nicole Novroski Jonathan L.King Bruce Budowle | 2015 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2015，13，4： | 5 |
| 4 | Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor显示文摘A long-term pilot-scale H_(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR)was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater.A key feature of this secondgeneration pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate.The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level(MCL)was at least 5.9 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1),which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m^(3)·d)^(–1).The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the firstgeneration MBfRs using composite fibers(2.6 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1)).This work also evaluated the H_(2)-utilization efficiency in MBfR.The measured H_(2)supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H_(2)-utilization rate.Thus,H_(2)utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100%efficiency,as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks. | Youneng TANG Michal ZIV-EL Chen ZHOU Jung Hun SHIN Chang Hoon AHN Kerry MEYER Daniel CANDELARIA David FRIESE Ryan OVERSTREET Rick SCOTT Bruce ERITTMANN | 2010 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2010，4，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Dietary stimulation of the endogenous somatotropic axis in weaner and growerfinisher pigs using medium chain triglycerides and cysteamine hydrochloride显示文摘Background: Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides(MCT) and cysteamine hydrochloride(CSH) into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and performance.Results: In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT(n = 8) or a control diet(n = 8). MCT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone(GH; P < 0.05) and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin(P < 0.05). Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring(P < 0.05), maintained villous height in the small intestine(P < 0.05) and stabilised daily weight gain(P < 0.05), compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels(0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v) of MCT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight(n = 15 per treatment). Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin(P < 0.001), GH(P < 0.01) and insulin(P < 0.05)concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: control(n = 20); 6 % MCT(n = 21); and 70 mg/kg CSH(n = 21). After 3 wk of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs(P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary treatments.Conclusions: Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conversion ratio in either experiment, MCT and CSH increased endocrine components of the somatotropic axis. | David W.Miller Zoe Prosser Edward Y.W.Chee Christian F.Hansen Frank R.Dunshea Bruce P.Mullan John R.Pluske | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，2： | 3 |
| 6 | Colorectal cancer显示文摘 | David Cunningham Wendy Atkin Heinz-Josef Lenz Henry T Lynch Bruce Minsky Bernard Nordlinger Naureen Starling | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9719： | 3 |
| 7 | Staining for p53 and Ki-67 increases the sensitivity of EUS-FNA to detect pancreatic malignancy显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether tumor marker staining can improve the sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)to diagnose pancreatic malignancy. METHODS:Patients who underwent EUS-FNA were retrospectively identified.Each EUS-FNA specimen was evaluated by routine cytology and stained for tumor markers p53,Ki-67,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and CA19-9.Sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values(PPV and NPV),and positive and negative likelihood ratios(PLR and NLR)were calculated in order to evaluate the performance of each test to detect malignancy. RESULTS:Sixty-one specimens had complete sets of stains,yielding 49 and 12 specimens from pancreatic adenocarcinomas and benign pancreatic lesions due to pancreatitis,respectively.Cytology alone had sensitivity and specificity of 41%and 100%to detect malignancy, respectively.In 46%of the specimens,routine cytology alone was deemed indeterminate.The addition of either p53 or Ki-67 increased the sensitivity to 51%and 53%,respectively,with perfect specificity,PPV and PLR (100%,100%and infinite).Both stains in combination increased the sensitivity to 57%.While additional staining with CEA and CA19-9 further increased the sensitivity to 86%,the specificity,PPV and PLR were significantly reduced(at minimum 42%,84%and 1,respectively).Markers in all combinations performed poorly as a negative test(NPV 26%to 47%,and NLR 0.27 and 0.70).CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemical staining for p53 and Ki-67 can improve the sensitivity of EUS-FNA to diagnose pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | Alexander W Jahng Sonya Reicher David Chung Donna Varela Rahul Chhablani Anil Dev Binh Pham Jose Nieto Rose J Venegas Samuel W French Bruce E Stabile Viktor E Eysselein | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，11： | 3 |
| 8 | Insulin degludec, an ultra-longacting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 1 diabetes (BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 1): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial显示文摘 | Simon Heller John Buse Miles Fisher Satish Garg Michel Marre Ludwig Merker Eric Renard David Russell-Jones Areti Philotheou Ann Marie Ocampo Francisco Huiling Pei Bruce Bode | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9825： | 2 |
| 9 | A Survey of Current Practice of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the United States显示文摘 | Andrew Tinsley Steven Naymagon Arvind J. Trindade David B. Sachar Bruce E. Sands Thomas A. Ullman | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2013，，1： | 2 |
| 10 | LAPAROSCOPIC COLON RESECTION显示文摘 | Bruce David Schirmer | 1996 | Surgical Clinics of North America1996，，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Collateral Flow Predicts Response to Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke显示文摘 | Oh Young Bang Jeffrey L. Saver Suk Jae Kim Gyeong-Moon Kim Chin-Sang Chung Bruce Ovbiagele Kwang Ho Lee David S. Liebeskind | 2011 | Stroke2011，，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Measuring the efficiency of the Farm Credit System显示文摘 | Trang Dang David Leatham Bruce A. McCarl Ximing Wu | 2014 | Agricultural Finance Review2014，，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Colorectal cancer显示文摘 | David Cunningham Wendy Atkin Heinz-Josef Lenz Henry T Lynch Bruce Minsky Bernard Nordlinger Naureen Starling | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9719： | 2 |
| 14 | Hematopoietic AMPK [Beta]1 reduces mouse adipose tissue macrophage inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity显示文摘 | Galic Sandra Fullerton Morgan D Schertzer Jonathan D Sikkema Sarah Marcinko Katarina Walkley Carl R Izon David Honeyman Jane Chen Zhi-Ping van Denderen Bryce J Kemp Bruce E Steinberg Gregory R | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，12： | 2 |
| 15 | Renal Hemodynamic Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus显示文摘 | David Z.I. Cherney Bruce A. Perkins Nima Soleymanlou Maria Maione Vesta Lai Alana Lee Nora M. Fagan Hans J. Woerle Odd Erik Johansen Uli C. Broedl Maximilian von Eynatten | 2014 | Circulation2014，，： | 2 |
| 16 | MAINTENANCE BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT TA, T1 AND CARCINOMA IN SITU TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER: A RANDOMIZED SOUTHWEST ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDY显示文摘 | DONALD L. LAMM BRENT A. BLUMENSTEIN JOHN D. CRISSMAN JAMES E. MONTIE JAMES E. GOTTESMAN BRUCE A. LOWE MICHAEL F. SAROSDY ROBERT D. BOHL H. BARTON GROSSMAN THOMAS M. BECK JOSEPH T. LEIMERT E. DAVID CRAWFORD | 2000 | The Journal of Urology2000，，4： | 2 |
| 17 | A next-generation marker genotyping platform(AmpSeq)in heterozygous crops:a case study for marker-assisted selection in grapevine显示文摘Marker-assisted selection(MAS)is often employed in crop breeding programs to accelerate and enhance cultivar development,via selection during the juvenile phase and parental selection prior to crossing.Next-generation sequencing and its derivative technologies have been used for genome-wide molecular marker discovery.To bridge the gap between marker development and MAS implementation,this study developed a novel practical strategy with a semi-automated pipeline that incorporates trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphism marker discovery,low-cost genotyping through amplicon sequencing(AmpSeq)and decision making.The results document the development of a MAS package derived from genotyping-by-sequencing using three traits(flower sex,disease resistance and acylated anthocyanins)in grapevine breeding.The vast majority of sequence reads(⩾99%)were from the targeted regions.Across 380 individuals and up to 31 amplicons sequenced in each lane of MiSeq data,most amplicons(83 to 87%)had<10%missing data,and read depth had a median of 220–244×.Several strengths of the AmpSeq platform that make this approach of broad interest in diverse crop species include accuracy,flexibility,speed,high-throughput,low-cost and easily automated analysis. | Shanshan Yang Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramíre Minghui Wang Linda Cote Peter Schweitzer Paola Barba Elizabeth M Takacs Matthew Clark James Luby David C Manns Gavin Sacks Anna Katharine Mansfield Jason Londo Anne Fennell David Gadoury Bruce Reisch Lance Cadle-Davidson Qi Sun | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 2 |
| 18 | POST-INJURY MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE: THE ROLE OF THE GUT显示文摘 | Heitham T. Hassoun Bruce C. Kone David W. Mercer Frank G. Moody Norman W. Weisbrodt Frederick A. Moore | 2001 | Shock2001，，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation显示文摘 | Ronnier J. Aviles David O. Martin Carolyn Apperson-Hansen Penny L. Houghtaling Pentti Rautaharju Richard A. Kronmal Russell P. Tracy David R. Van Wagoner Bruce M. Psaty Michael S. Lauer Mina K. Chung | 2003 | Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association2003，，24： | 2 |
| 20 | Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock显示文摘 | Anand Kumar Daniel Roberts Kenneth E. Wood Bruce Light Joseph E. Parrillo Satendra Sharma Robert Suppes Daniel Feinstein Sergio Zanotti Leo Taiberg David Gurka Aseem Kumar Mary Cheang | 2006 | Critical Care Medicine2006，，6： | 2 |
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