|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Regulation of Photosynthesis during Abiotic Stress-Induced Photoinhibition显示文摘无柄的有机体连续地暴露于强加众多的有害效果并且引起产量的巨大的损失的不能生活的压力条件的植物。包括高日光,不能生活的压力在植物的光合的机械上授与严重损坏。Photosystem II (PSII ) 是忍受不能生活的应力的中心力量的光合的机械的最易受影响的部件之一。除了由不能生活的应力的反应的氧种类(ROS ) 的产生, ROS 能也由轻收获的建筑群源于过多的日光的吸收。ROS 能损坏光合的仪器,特别地 PSII,在表明小径和 PSII 修理的抑制的光合的氧化还原作用由于不平衡导致 photoinhibition。与忍耐将要求 ROS 发信号和各种各样的部件的规章的功能的全面理解的改进不能生活的应力设计植物,包括蛋白质 kinases,抄写因素,和植物激素,在到不能生活的应力的光合的机械的回答。Bioenergetics 来临,例如叶绿素短暂动力学分析,在不利环境条件下面便于我们植物活力的理解和对 PSII 效率的评价。这评论讨论当前的理解并且在不能生活的应力下面在光合的机械的规定上显示进一步的研究的潜在的区域。 | Mayank Anand Gururani Jelli Venkatesh Lam-Son Phan Tran | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，9： | 39 |
| 2 | 基于光强传输方程的非干涉相位恢复与定量相位显微成像:文献综述与最新进展显示文摘相位恢复与定量相位成像是光学测量与成像技术领域的一个重要课题。传统干涉测量法依赖高度相干光源的干涉叠加,干涉装置复杂,测量环境要求苛刻,引入的散斑噪声极大地限制了传统干涉测量法在显微成像领域的应用。光强传输方程(TIE)作为最具代表性的相位恢复方法之一,为定量相位成像提供了一种新的非干涉手段。近些年来,该方法在国内外得到广泛研究与关注,发展迅速,成果显著,在自适应光学、X射线衍射光学、电子显微学、光学显微成像等领域展现了巨大的应用潜力。从光强传输方程的基本原理、方程求解、光强轴向微分的差分估计、部分相干成像与光场成像等几方面综述了光强传输方程在光学成像领域,特别是定量相位显微成像领域的研究现状与最新进展,并针对现存问题以及今后的研究方向提出了建议。 | 左超 陈钱 孙佳嵩 Anand Asundi | 2016 | 中国激光2016，43，6： | 32 |
| 3 | Anterior resection for rectal carcinoma-risk factors for anastomotic leaks and strictures显示文摘AIM:To determine the incidence and factors responsible for anastomotic leaks and stricture following anterior resection(AR)and its subsequent management.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of data from 108 patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent AR or low anterior resection(LAR)to identify the various preoperative,operative,and post operative factors that might have influence on anastomotic leaks and strictures.RESULTS:There were 68 males and 40 females with an average of 47 years(range 21-75 years).The median distance of the tumor from the anal verge was 8 cm(range 3-15 cm).Sixty(55.6%)patients underwent handsewn anastomosis and 48(44.4%)were stapled.The median operating time was 3.5 h(range2.0-7.5 h).Sixteen(14.6%)patients had an anastomotic leak.Among these,11 patients required reexploration and five were managed expectantly.The anastomotic leak rate was similar in patients with and without diverting stoma(8/60,13.4%with stoma and 8/48;16.7%without stoma).In 15(13.9%)patients,resection margins were positive for malignancy.Ninteen(17.6%)patients developed anastomotic strictures at a median duration of 8 mo(range 3-20 mo).Among these,15 patients were successfully managed with per-anal dilatation.On multivariate analysis,advance age(>60 years)was the only risk factor for anastomotic leak(P=0.004).On the other hand,anastomotic leak(P=0.00),mucin positive tumor(P =0.021),and lower rectal growth(P=0.011)were found as risk factors for the development of an anastomotic stricture.CONCLUSION:Advance age is a risk factor for an anastomotic leak.An anastomotic leak,a mucin-secreting tumor,and lower rectal growth predispose patients to develop anastomotic strictures. | Ashok Kumar Ram Daga Paari Vijayaragavan Anand Prakash Rajneesh Kumar Singh Anu Behari Vinay K Kapoor Rajan Saxena | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，11： | 28 |
| 4 | Brain Metastases Treated with Radio surgery Alone:An Alternative to Whole Brain Radiotherapy?显示文摘OBJECTIVE:Whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)provides benefit for patients with b rain metastases but may result in neurological toxicity for patien ts with extended survival times.Ste reotactic radiosurgery in combination with WBRT has become an important approach,but the value of WBRT has been questioned.As an alternative to WBRT,we managed patients with stereotactic radiosurgery alone,evaluated pati ents’outcomes,and assessed prognostic factors for survival and tumor c ontrol.METHODS:One hundred seventy-two patients with b rain metastases were managed with ra diosurgery alone.One hundred twent y-one patients were evaluable with follow-up imaging after radiosurgery.The median patien t age was 60.5years(age range,16-86yr).The mean marginal tumor dose and volume were 18.5Gy (range,11-22Gy )and 4.4ml (range,0.1-24.9ml ).Eighty percent of patients had soli tary tumors.RESULTS:The overall median survival time was8months.The median survival time in patients with no evidence of primary tumor disease or stable disease was 13and 11months.The local tumor contr ol rate was 87%.At 2years,the rate of local control,remote brain control,and total intr acranial control were 75%,41%,and 27%,respectively.In multivariate a nalysis,advanced primary tumor status(P=0.0003),older age(P=0.008),lower Karnofsky Performance Scale score(P=0.01),and malignant melanoma (P=0.005)were significant for poorer surviva l.The median survival time was 28mon ths for patients younger than 60years of age,with Karnofsky Performance Scale score o f at least 90,and whose primary tumor status showed either no evidence of disease or stable disease.Tumor volume (P=0.02)alone was significant for local tumo r control,whereas no factor affecte d remote or intracranial tumor contr ol.Eleven patients developed complica tions,six of which were persistent.Nineteen(16.5%)of 116patients in whom the cause of death was obtained died as a result of cause s related to brain metastasis.CONCLUSION:Brain metastases were controlled we ll with radiosurgery alone as initial thera py.We advocate that WBRT should not be part of the initial treatment proto col for selected patients with one or two tumors with good control of their primary cancer,better Karnofsky Performance Scale score,and you nger age,all of which are predictors of longer | Toshinori Hasegawa Douglas Kondziolka John C.Flickinger Anand Germanwala L.Dade Lunsford | 2003 | 癌症2003，22，7： | 23 |
| 5 | Endoscopic management of biliary disorders during pregnancy显示文摘BACKGROUND:Biliary interventions during pregnancy are associated with risks to both the pregnancy and developing fetus.In this report we summarize our experience with endoscopic interventions including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)in the management of biliary disorders during pregnancy. METHODS:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs)performed between May 2003 through January 2010(n=607)were identified from our database,and cases of interventions during pregnancy were reviewed.All procedures were done using conscious sedation and lead shielding. RESULTS:Nine ERCPs(1.5%)were performed in 8 pregnant patients.Their median gestational period was 22 weeks (range,<2-36 weeks).Two,5 and 2 patients were in their first,second and third trimester,respectively.Indications for ERCP included obstructive jaundice(6 patients)cholangitis (2),and acute pancreatitis/obstructive jaundice(1).Two patients underwent EUS before ERCP.Fluoroscopy was used in 5 ERCPs(median 12 seconds;range 2-20 seconds),and the overall time for a ERCP ranged from 5 to 25 minutes. During ERCP endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 5 patients,stenting in 6,and balloon clearance in 3.One procedure caused complication in induction of labor.During pregnancy,there were 4 non-procedure related complications including acute cholecystitis(1),HELLP syndrome resulting in spontaneous abortion(1)and stent migrations(2).Five pregnancies had uncomplicated term deliveries,whereas 2 required urgent caesarian sections(one for fetal distress and 1 for cholangitis secondary to stent migration).One patient was well in her second trimester during follow-up.Seven babies were well at birth with median APGAR scores of 9,and 10 at 5 and 10 minutes,respectively.One baby died of sudden death syndrome at age of 40 days. CONCLUSIONS:ERCP is a safe procedure for pregnant women.It can be conducted for biliary stenting and subsequent clearance after deliveries.EUS has a complementary role. Different strategies can be applied according to the conditions or expertise of endoscopists. | Vui Heng Chong Anand Jalihal | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，2： | 18 |
| 6 | Mineral and bone disorder and management in the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study显示文摘Background:Despite a growing population of patients starting hemodialysis in China,little is known about markers of mineral bone disease(MBD)and their management.We present data on prevalence and correlates of hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,and secondary hyperparathyroidism from the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study(DOPPS),with evaluation of whether these laboratory markers triggered changes in management.Methods:We compared the frequency of measurement and prevalence of poor control of MBD markers in China DOPPS with other DOPPS regions.We also used generalized estimating equations to assess correlates of MBD markers,and separate models to assess predictors of vitamin D and phosphate binder prescriptions in the China DOPPS.Results:Severe hyperphosphatemia(>7 mg/dL)and secondary hyperparathyroidism(>600 pg/mL)were common(27%and 21%prevalence,respectively);both were measured infrequently(14.9%and 3.2%of patients received monthly measurements in China).Frequency of dialysis sessions was positively associated with hyperphosphatemia;presence of residual kidney function was negatively associated with both hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.Laboratory measures indicating poor control of MBD were not associated with subsequent prescription of active vitamin D or phosphate binder.Conclusions:There are substantial opportunities for improvement and standardization of MBD management in China.Development of country-specific guidelines may yield realistic targets and standardization of medication use accounting for availability and cost. | Jun Wang Brian A.Bieber Fan-Fan Hou Friedrich K.Port Shuchi Anand | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，23： | 15 |
| 7 | Role of dental plaque,saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans.Although H.pylori may be detected in the stomach of approximately half of the world’s population,the mechanisms of transmission of the microorganism from individual to individual are not yet clear.Transmission of H.pylori could occur through iatrogenic,fecal-oral,and oral-oral routes,and through food and water.The microorganism may be transmitted orally and has been detected in dental plaque and saliva.However,the role of the oral cavity in the transmission and recurrence of H.pylori infection has been the subject of debate.A large number of studies investigating the role of oral hygiene and periodontal disease in H.pylori infection have varied significantly in terms of their methodology and sample population,resulting in a wide variation in the reported results.Nevertheless,recent studies have not only shown that the microorganism can be detected fairly consistently from the oral cavity but also demonstrated that the chances of recurrence of H.pylori infection is more likely among patients who harbor the organism in the oral cavity.Furthermore,initial results from clinical trials have shown that H.pylori-positive dyspeptic patients may benefit from periodontal therapy.This paper attempts to review the current body of evidence regarding the role of dental plaque,saliva,and periodontal disease in H.pylori infection. | Pradeep S Anand Kavitha P Kamath Sukumaran Anil | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 15 |
| 8 | 微小型四旋翼无人机实时嵌入式控制系统设计与实现显示文摘在四旋翼无人机飞行模式分析基础上,提出了一种四旋翼无人机的稳定姿态导航控制系统,改进了无刷电机控制驱动器,并应用多任务编程方案实现软件设计。实验表明,该机载嵌入式系统具有可靠性高、功耗低、重量轻、成本低等优点。 | 刘晓杰 赵晓晖 顾海军 Sanchez Anand Lozano Rogelio | 2009 | 电子技术应用2009，35，5： | 13 |
| 9 | 基于CPTU测试的桩基承载力可靠性分析显示文摘通过连盐高速(连云港—盐城)和宁常(南京—常州)高速公路PTC、CFG和PHC桩基场地进行的CPTU试验资料,提出了一个预测桩基承载力的CPTU新方法。桩单位侧阻力由CPTU超孔压和侧壁摩阻力得出,而桩单位端阻力则由有效锥尖阻力获得。以静载荷和高应变试验得到的桩基承载力作为参考值评估了各种方法预测桩基承载力的有效性。基于可靠度理论,分别分析了承载力极限状态、正常使用极限状态与联合承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态的可靠度指数。针对几种CPTU桩基预测方法,分别进行了可靠性分析。结果表明:提出的CPTU方法比其余3个方法具有更高的可靠度。CPTU方法具有简单、快速、多参数的优点,并且不依赖于操作者主观性的影响,在桩基工程中值得推广应用。 | 蔡国军 刘松玉 ANAND J Puppala 童立元 | 2011 | 岩土工程学报2011，33，3： | 13 |
| 10 | ^18F-FDGPET/CT对原发灶不明颈部淋巴结转移癌的诊断及预后价值显示文摘目的评价^18F-FDGPET/CT显像对原发灶不明颈部淋巴结转移癌(CCUP)的诊断及预后价值。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2015年6月137例病理学诊断为CCUP的患者[男95例、女42例,年龄24~84(55.77±11.71)岁]的PET/CT显像结果,将其与病理学和(或)临床长期随访(≥6个月)结果进行比较,计算PET/CT探寻CCUP原发灶的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并应用Kaplan—Meier分析法对患者年龄、性别,是否有远隔转移灶,颈部淋巴结累及区域,颈部淋巴结单、双侧累及,组织学类型,PET/CT是否找到原发灶等因素进行生存分析。结果共96例患者找到原发灶,其中87例经PET/CT显像发现,PET/CT诊断原发灶的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为90.6%(87/96)、80.5%(33/41)、87.6%(120/137)、91.6%(87/95)和78.6%(33/42)。有远隔转移灶、累及颈部下组淋巴结为影响患者预后的因素(x。=20.990、12.277,均P〈0.01);颈部SUVmax可能对患者预后有一定影响,ROC曲线显示SUVmax〉6.5患者死亡风险高于其余患者(x^2=7.120,P〈0.01)。结论^18F—FDGPET/CT显像对于探寻CCUP原发灶有十分重要的诊断价值;即使在原发灶不明确时其也能够根据有无远隔转移灶及颈部淋巴结累及范围对患者进行预后评估。 | 刘红红 兰晓莉 Anand Gungadin 吴志坚 贾清 张永学 | 2016 | 中华核医学与分子影像杂志2016，36，1： | 13 |
| 11 | Liver transplantation in alcoholic liver disease current status and controversies显示文摘Alcoholic cirrhosis remains the second most common indication for liver transplantation.A comprehensive medical and psychosocial evaluation is needed when making a decision to place such patients on the transplant list.Most transplant centers worldwide need a minimum of 6 mo of alcohol abstinence for listing these patients.Patients with alcohol dependence are at high risk for relapse to alcohol use after transplantation(recidivism).These patients need to be identified and require alcohol rehabilitation treatment before transplantation.Recidivism to the level of harmful drinking is reported in about 15%-20%cases.Although,recurrent cirrhosis and graft loss from recidivism is rare,occurring in less than 5%of all alcoholic cirrhosis-related transplants,harmful drinking in the post-transplant pe-riod does impact the long-term outcome.The development of metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular events and de novo malignancy are important contributors to non liver-related mortality amongst transplants for alcoholic liver disease.Surveillance protocols for earlier detection of de novo malignancy are needed to improve the long-term outcome.The need for a minimum of 6 mo of abstinence before listing makes transplant a nonviable option for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to corticosteroids.Emerging data from retrospective and prospective studies has challenged the 6 mo rule,and beneficial effects of liver transplantation have been reported in select patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis who are unresponsive to steroids. | Ashwani K Singal Khushdeep S Chaha Khalid Rasheed Bhupinderjit S Anand | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，36： | 12 |
| 12 | Current trends in laparoscopic groin hernia repair: A review显示文摘Hernia is a common problem of the modern world with its incidence more in developing countries. Inguinal hernia is the most common groin hernia repaired worldwide. With advancement in technology operative techniques of repair have also evolved. A Pub Med and COCHRANE database search was accomplished in this regard to establish the current status of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in view of recent published literature. Published literature support that laparoscopic hernia repair is best suited for recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia although it may be offered for primary inguinal hernia if expertise is available. | Harvinder Singh Pahwa Awanish Kumar Prerit Agarwal Akshay Anand Agarwal | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，9： | 12 |
| 13 | Management of hepatitis C virus infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: Clinical review显示文摘Nearly one fourth of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the US and Western Europe. With the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the consequent reduction in opportunistic infections, resulting in the prolongation of the life span of HIV-infected patients, HCV co-infection has emerged as a signif icant factor influencing the survival of HIV patients. Patients with HIV/HCV co-infection have a faster rate of fibrosis progression resulting in more frequent occurrences of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism of interaction between the two viruses is not completely understood. The treatment for HCV in co-infected patients is similar to that of HCV monoinfection; i.e., a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The presence of any barriers to antiHCV therapy should be identified and eliminated in order to recruit all eligible patients. The response to treatment in co-infected patients is inferior compared to the response in patients with HCV mono-infection. The sustained virologic response rate is only 38% for genotype-1 and 75% for genotype-2 and -3 infections. Liver transplantation is no longer considered a contraindication for end-stage liver disease in coinfected patients. However, the 5 year survival rate is lower in co-infected patients compared to patients with HCV mono-infection (33% vs 72%, P = 0.07). A better understanding of liver disease in co-infected patients is needed to derive new strategies for improving outcome and survival. | Ashwani K Singal Bhupinderjit S Anand | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，30： | 12 |
| 14 | Resveratrol inhibits matrix metalloproteinases to attenuate neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia:a molecular docking study exploring possible neuroprotection显示文摘The main pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is the structural alteration in the neurovascular unit, coinciding with neurovascular matrix degradation. Resveratrol has been reported to be one of the most potent chemopreventive agents that can inhibit cellular processes associated with ischemic stroke. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) has been considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. To explore this, we tried to investigate the interaction of resveratrol with MMPs through molecular docking studies. At 30 minutes before and 2 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, 40 mg/kg resveratrol was intraperitoneally administered. After resveratrol administration, neurological function and brain edema were significantly alleviated, cerebral infarct volume was significantly reduced, and nitrite and malondialdehyde levels in the cortical and striatal regions were significantly decreased. The molecular docking study of resveratrol and MMPs revealed that resveratrol occupied the active site of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The binding energy of the complexes was –37.848672 k J/mol and –36.6345 k J/mol for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. In case of MMP-2, Leu 164, Ala 165 and Thr 227 were engaged in H-Bonding with resveratrol and in case of MMP-9, H-bonding was found with Glu 402, Ala 417 and Arg 424 residues. These findings collectively reveal that resveratrol exhibits neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia through inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. | Anand Kumar Pandey Pallab Bhattacharya Swet Chand Shukla Sudip Paul Ranjana Patnaik | 2015 | Neural Regeneration Research2015，10，4： | 12 |
| 15 | Definition,epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a major cause of alcoholrelated morbidity and mortality.Its presentation ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis(AH),cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although the amount and pattern of alcohol consumption is a well recognized predisposing factor for the development of serious liver pathology,environmental factors and the host's genetic makeup may also play significant roles that have not yet been entirely explored.Continuing alcohol consumption is a major factor that influences the survival of patients with AH.The presence of cirrhosis at presentation or its development on follow up is a major factor determining the outcome in the long run.This chapter deals with the epidemiology and magnitude of ALD in general and AH in particular. | Sarpreet Basra Bhupinderjit S Anand | 2011 | World Journal of Hepatology2011，3，5： | 11 |
| 16 | The significance of clinical practice guidelines on adult varicocele detection and management显示文摘精索静脉曲张是男因素不孕的最普通的可改正的病原学。然而,精索静脉曲张的察觉和管理没被标准化。这在男不孕上关于精索静脉曲张的效果导致了争论的十年,随后,是否修理,导致改进富饶地位。调查精索静脉曲张和 varicocelectomy 的角色的证据的当前的身体弱、冲突。AUA 和 ASRM 拿的位置建议有不够的结果数据支持基于证据的指南,引用过去常提供建议通常具有低优秀水平的电流的证据。在另一方面, EAU 指南为临床上摸得出的精索静脉曲张的管理给水平证据的 1a,与低于正常的精液分析和有的不同 unexplained 富饶联系了。除与临床的精索静脉曲张察觉和管理帮助以外,临床的实践意见陈述和指南试图指导并且加强未来研究的基础结构。我们在实践与他们的申请的焦点在精索静脉曲张和管理察觉考察意见陈述和指南的当前的地位。 | Anand Shridharani Ryan C Owen Osama O Elkelany Edward D Kim | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，2： | 11 |
| 17 | Embolization of liver tumors:Past,present and future显示文摘Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),such as resection and liver transplantation,can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors.More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies.Resection of HCC offers the only hope for cure.Even in patients undergoing resection,recurrences are common.Chemoembolization,a technique combining intraarterial chemotherapy with selective tumor ischemia,has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in the palliative setting.There is now renewed interest in transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with regards to its use as a palliative tool in a combined modality approach,as a neoadjuvant therapy,in bridging therapy before transplantation,for symptomatic indications,and even as an alternative to resection.There have also been rapid advances in the agents being embolized trans-arterially(genes,biological response modifiers,etc.).The current review provides an evidence-based overview of the past,present and future trends of TACE in patients with HCC. | Ashwin Rammohan Jeswanth Sathyanesan Sukumar Ramaswami Anand Lakshmanan Perumal Senthil-Kumar Ulagendra Perumal Srinivasan Ravi Ramasamy Palaniappan Ravichandran | 2012 | World Journal of Radiology2012，4，9： | 11 |
| 18 | Solving the electronic structure problem with machine learning显示文摘Simulations based on solving the Kohn-Sham(KS)equation of density functional theory(DFT)have become a vital component of modern materials and chemical sciences research and development portfolios.Despite its versatility,routine DFT calculations are usually limited to a few hundred atoms due to the computational bottleneck posed by the KS equation.Here we introduce a machine-learning-based scheme to efficiently assimilate the function of the KS equation,and by-pass it to directly,rapidly,and accurately predict the electronic structure of a material or a molecule,given just its atomic configuration.A new rotationally invariant representation is utilized to map the atomic environment around a grid-point to the electron density and local density of states at that grid-point.This mapping is learned using a neural network trained on previously generated reference DFT results at millions of grid-points.The proposed paradigm allows for the high-fidelity emulation of KS DFT,but orders of magnitude faster than the direct solution.Moreover,the machine learning prediction scheme is strictly linear-scaling with system size. | Anand Chandrasekaran Deepak Kamal Rohit Batra Chiho Kim Lihua Chen Rampi Ramprasad | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 10 |
| 19 | 欧美国家休闲体育发展现状及其对中国的启示(英文)显示文摘(1)欧美国家休闲体育发展现状。休闲体育引领健康世界。面对汹涌而来的世界性的现代健康危机,各国纷纷出台国民健康的政策和办法,通过开展调查研究为民众的体育参与提供数据和支撑,还通过体育设施设备供给为社会大众参与体育运动锻炼创造条件。随着经济社会发展、个人拥有物质财富和自由时间的增多,休闲体育作为一种促进人类健康的时代力量和新的生活方式、文化现象被社会大众广泛关注和接受。社会大众逐渐崇尚生命价值的真实和品质;大众积极休闲观念的养成、对体验型运动休闲方式青睐等也助推了休闲体育的发展。休闲健身的理念和实施成了推动休闲体育、进一步发展的关键一环;同时我们还要把加快形成有利于健康的生活方式、生态环境和经济社会发展模式,实现健康与经济社会良性协调发展作为基本准则。大众化、多样化和差异化是法国休闲体育发展主要趋势。运动休闲在法国的普及程度较高,截至2010年,有89%14周岁以上的法国人至少参加一项休闲体育运动。休闲体育运动参与人数的增加,还拓展了休闲体育活动的内容和类型。研究(Lefèvre&Thierry,2010)表明:法国人不但可以同时参与多项体育运动,他们还对一些传统的项目加以创新和发展;所以,法国人经常参与的休闲体育运动项目有300余项。法国大众的休闲体育运动参与还呈现出多样化特点,参与者呈现出巨大的性别、年龄、职业、形式、规模等方面的差别;社会大众参与休闲体育运动的目的也是多种多样,除了竞技和表演外,人们赋予休闲体育运动保持健康、愉悦身心、形体塑造等多重意义和价值。加拿大休闲体育发展主要趋势。根据加拿大统计局(Statistics Canada)的数据,2012年12岁及以上加拿大人口中,有53.9%(1 560万)的人经常运动。2001年-2012年间,加拿大经常参与休闲体育运动活动的人数呈现出上升态势,其中男性经常参与体育锻炼的比例高于女性。他们把体育参与分为3种类型:体育运动(Sport,有规则、有对手、竞争性)、体力活动(Physical Activity,需要一切的能量消耗及休闲体育锻炼(Exercise,有计划、有组织、重复性的旨在改善或维持身体健康)。调查表明:(1)最受加拿大男性欢迎的3项体育运动是冰球、高尔夫球和足球,最受加拿大女性欢迎的项目则是高尔夫、足球和游泳。(2)2010年以前步行或慢跑是加拿大人最常参与的休闲活动项目,是加拿大人最常用的休闲体育锻炼项目。(3)由加拿大健身和生活方式研究所(Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute)完成的研究报告表明:2014年-2015年18岁及以上加拿大人经常参加的体力活动的类型有:步行(84%)、园艺或庭院工作(74%)、在家锻炼(65%)和游泳(58%)等。澳大利亚体育发展概况。澳大利亚一直被公认为是一个热爱体育运动的国家。澳政府出台了各种促进体育发展的政策以期增加参与体育运动人口数量、提升精英运动员成绩、增进社会包容度、改善大众心理健康、帮助老年人保持独立并提升他们的生活质量、推动社会变革。2015年澳大利亚人仅在体育馆、健身房、休闲中心的体育和休闲活动花费就超过107亿美元。澳大利亚90%以上的体育和体育娱乐从业人员都在私营部门就业。但令人担忧的是:近年来久坐的成年人和儿童数量大幅增加,肥胖和其他与不运动相关的健康问题日益增多。澳大利亚统计局的数据(Australian Bureau of Statistics,2014)表明,参加体育运动和休闲体育娱乐活动的澳大利亚人数量有所减少,会员制体育和休闲俱乐部的会员人数有所下降。究其根源:社会变化、政治决定、经济条件和人口变化等相互作用导致体育志愿者工作时间减少。志愿者一直是澳大利亚非营利性社区体育和娱乐团体运营的关键因素,但受人口结构的变化、就业模式和利益相关者的期望等因素影响,体育志愿者工作时间正在减少。随着休闲方式变革、人口结构变化、体育发展商业化和全球化对澳大利亚的休闲娱乐和体育运动发展的影响逐渐深入,体育发展既要积极变革以适应青少年休闲体育运动偏好,又要主动寻求非政府组织的资助,还要努力探索'商业化'背景下体育组织的运营模式。气候变化对休闲体育高尔夫旅游的影响。据估计,全世界有34 011个高尔夫球场;全球高尔夫旅游市场每年的产值超过200亿美元,许多国家已将高尔夫作为重要的旅游产品来开发。加勒比海地区的高尔夫球场数量较少,占全球高尔夫球场总数的不到1%(121个,截至2014年);球场运营的模式有4种:单独运营的球场、与酒店共同运营、与住宅房地产和/或酒店合作运营、只与主要的住宅房地产合作运营。加勒比地区的高尔夫市场曾主要依赖美国和加拿大的游客。然而,比起打高尔夫(14%),北美的游客现在更喜欢钓鱼(30%)、赏鸟(15%)、在沙滩上漫步(77%)或放松休憩(71%)。高尔夫球场经营和高尔夫球旅游发展与气候密切相关。一方面,全球气候变化也延长了全球北部地区的高尔夫球季。另一方面,高尔夫球场项目建设也可能会因砍伐树木、植被和红树林等导致气候变化;投入运营的高尔夫球场会通过增加温室气体排放及其对淡水的大量需求等形式影响气候变化。所以,高尔夫球场建设与运营应更加注重对环境的保护。除了研究草坪管理、培育草种外,我们更应该关注高尔夫球场如何适应气候变化的客观现实。加勒比和其他地区的新高尔夫球场建设除了必须符合国际公认项目标准,还要积极探索冷却大气、防止侵蚀、给地下水补给和应对气候变化的最佳做法。(2)欧美国家休闲体育发展对中国的启示。观念的转变,让理念主导休闲体育发展方式变迁。体育及休闲体育既是提高人民健康水平,又是推动体育消费结构升级和体育产业发展的重要力量。另外,社会大众对体育及休闲的认识是推进休闲体育及体育发展方式大变革关键:休闲体育发展既需要社会大众重视,又需要全社会积极参与。方式的创新,让社会和市场成为推动休闲体育发展的核心力量。一方面发挥协会、高校、俱乐部、企业等在提供和生产多元化休闲体育产品及服务方面的职能和职责,以缓解当前休闲体育产品和服务供给总体不足与需求不断增长之间的矛盾。另一方面,发挥市场机制配置休闲体育资源的决定性作用,让市场逻辑和效率逻辑主导休闲体育的发展。文化培育,让浓厚的文化氛围为休闲体育发展提供滋养。政府部门主导休闲体育设施设备供给和制度供给,为休闲体育发展提供物质和制度文化层面的保障和支持;加强宣传和引导,推动休闲体育产品和服务供给者、各类参与者的休闲体育文化自觉,并落实到休闲体育发展、休闲体育参与和休闲体育消费的实践中。 | 李相如 宝帝.古若米 凯伦.丹尼贾克 特雷西.泰勒 约翰.诺莱特 Anand Rampersad Martha Honey 陈林会 | 2017 | 成都体育学院学报2017，43，4： | 10 |
| 20 | Machine-learned interatomic potentials by active learning:amorphous and liquid hafnium dioxide显示文摘We propose an active learning scheme for automatically sampling a minimum number of uncorrelated configurations for fitting the Gaussian Approximation Potential(GAP).Our active learning scheme consists of an unsupervised machine learning(ML)scheme coupled with a Bayesian optimization technique that evaluates the GAP model.We apply this scheme to a Hafnium dioxide(HfO2)dataset generated from a“melt-quench”ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)protocol.Our results show that the active learning scheme,with no prior knowledge of the dataset,is able to extract a configuration that reaches the required energy fit tolerance.Further,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations performed using this active learned GAP model on 6144 atom systems of amorphous and liquid state elucidate the structural properties of HfO2 with near ab initio precision and quench rates(i.e.,1.0 K/ps)not accessible via AIMD.The melt and amorphous X-ray structural factors generated from our simulation are in good agreement with experiment.In addition,the calculated diffusion constants are in good agreement with previous ab initio studies. | Ganesh Sivaraman Anand Narayanan Krishnamoorthy Matthias Baur Christian Holm Marius Stan Gábor Csányi Chris Benmore Álvaro Vázquez-Mayagoitia | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 10 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员