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| 1 | “文化诧异”现象研究显示文摘本文调查中国学生与外籍教师在课堂内外交往中所发生的“文化诧异”现象。以问卷形式共收集案例201件。按引起诧异的原因归纳成10类,如“不热情好客”,“对陌生人不必要的礼貌”等等。本文同时调查了中国学生对引起他们诧异的行为的价值评估。调查结果显示社团价值至上(东方文化)和个人价值至上(西方文化)的差异是引起诧异的主要原因。 | 朱维芳 Sarah Trenholm | 1997 | 外语教学与研究1997，29，1： | 75 |
| 2 | 淹水土壤有机酸积累与秸秆碳氮比及氮供应的关系显示文摘有机酸积累和毒害是稻田秸秆还田中受到广泛关注的问题。本文以水稻与小麦秸秆为材料,采用淹水培养研究了甲酸、乙酸、丙酸及丁酸在土壤中的积累及其与秸秆碳氮比、氮肥添加量的关系。结果表明,在不施用氮肥的情况下,随秸秆用量的增加,秸秆处理的有机酸积累均显著增多。与稻秸处理相比,麦秸处理的有机酸(尤其是丙酸)积累量显著较高,土壤溶液中NH4+浓度显著较低。加入尿素明显减少有机酸积累,促进CH4排放,但对CO2的排放无显著影响;氮素的影响在麦秸处理中表现的尤为明显。上述结果说明麦秸的高碳氮比增加了无机氮的生物固定,抑制有机酸向CH4转化,从而导致麦秸处理有机酸积累量高于稻秸处理。施用氮肥是减少麦秸还田后有机酸积累的有效措施之一,但此措施将可能促进CH4的排放。 | 单玉华 蔡祖聪 韩勇 Sarah E Johnson Roland J Buresh | 2006 | 土壤学报2006，43，6： | 68 |
| 3 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 4 | Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures显示文摘 | Bin-Kuan Chou Prashant Mali Xiaosong Huang Zhaohui Ye Sarah N Dowey Linda MS Resar Chunlin Zou Alex Zhang Jay Tong Linzhao Cheng | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，3： | 38 |
| 5 | 甘蔗SSR和AFLP分子遗传连锁图谱构建显示文摘采用甘蔗商业品种Co419与野生种割手密Y75/1/2杂交,获得269个单株,组成F1群体,用F102/356与商业品种ROC25回交获得266个单株,组成BC1群体。利用筛选的多态性条带丰富的36对SSR引物和12对AFLP引物,对两个群体进行PCR扩增和分子遗传连锁分析,构建甘蔗分子遗传连锁图谱。用F1群体获得630个分离标记,经χ2检测,298个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的47%;用BC1群体获得571个分离标记,有264个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的46%;4个亲本获得单双剂量标记的数量依次为Co419>02/356>Y75/1/2>ROC25。在LOD≥5.0,相邻标记遗传距离≤40cM的条件下,F1群体有134个单双剂量标记被纳入55个连锁群,其中39个连锁群归属8个同源组,16个未列入,总遗传距离为1458.3cM,标记间平均图距为10.9cM;BC1群体有133个单双剂量标记被纳入47个连锁群,其中34个连锁群归属于8个同源组,13个连锁群未列入,总遗传距离为1059.6cM,标记间平均图距为8.0cM。从4个亲本单双剂量标记进入的连锁群数来看,Co419最多,归入34个连锁群,其次为Y75/1/2,归入20个连锁群,第3为02/356和ROC25,归入19个连锁群。研究结果表明,从单双剂量标记比例、形成连锁群数量、总遗传距离来看,F1群体构图质量要优于BC1群体。 | 刘新龙 毛钧 陆鑫 马丽 Karen Sarah AITKEN Phillip Andrew JACKSON 蔡青 范源洪 | 2010 | 作物学报2010，36，1： | 33 |
| 6 | 帕博利珠单抗治疗伴脑转移NSCLC患者的一项非随机、开放Ⅱ期试验的长期随访结果和生物标志物分析显示文摘背景与目的我们开展了一项帕博利珠单抗用于伴未治疗脑转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)或黑色素瘤患者的疗效和安全性的II期试验,旨在评估程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)抑制剂在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的疗效。中期结果已发表,现报道对NSCLC队列的更新分析结果。方法这是一项开放性、单中心、II期试验。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,诊断为晚期NSCLC并伴有≥1个5 mm-20 mm脑转移病灶,既往从未治疗或之前放疗后进展,无神经系统症状,不需要激素治疗且美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)<2分。患者每2周接受一次帕博利珠单抗(10 mg/kg)治疗。队列1为程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)≥1%的患者,队列2为PD-L1<1%或未评估的患者。主要终点是脑转移患者缓解比例。所有经治患者均纳入疗效与安全性终点的分析。该研究已结束入组,并于Clinicaltrials.gov登记注册,注册号为NCT02085070。结果2014年3月31日-2018年5月21日,共42例患者接受治疗。中位随访时间为8.3个月(IQR:4.5个月-26.2个月)。队列1的37例患者中11例有脑转移缓解[29.7%(95%CI:15.9%-47.0%)]。队列2未观察到缓解。治疗相关的3级-4级不良事件(adverse events,AEs)包括2例肺炎、1例全身症状、1例结肠炎、1例肾上腺皮质功能不全、1例高血糖症和1例低钾血症。6例(14%)患者发生了治疗相关的严重不良事件,包括肺炎、急性肾损伤、低钾血症和肾上腺皮质功能不全。没有观察到治疗相关死亡病例。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗PD-L1≥1%的NSCLC伴脑转移患者有效,且对所有纳入的未经治疗的脑转移患者安全。需要进一步探索免疫治疗用于NSCLC合并CNS转移。 | Sarah B GOLDBERG Kurt A SCHALPER Scott N GETTINGER Amit MAHAJAN Roy S HERBST Anne C CHANG Rogerio LILENBAUM Frederick H WILSON Sacit Bulent OMAY James B YU Lucia JILAVEANU Thuy TRAN Kira PAVLIK Elin ROWEN Heather GERRSH Annette KOMLO Richa GUPTA Hailey WYATT Matthew RIBEIRO Yuval KLUGER Geyu ZHOU Wei WEI Veronica L CHANG Harriet M KLUGER 董晓荣(翻译/校对) | 2021 | 中国肺癌杂志2021，24，9： | 34 |
| 7 | Acupuncture's Role in Solving the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Care Availability for Acupuncture as a Primary, Non-Pharmacologic Method for Pain Relief and Management-White Paper 2017显示文摘The United States(U.S.) is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of nonpharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public's opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture's cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfil these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, andneonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successful y and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. Military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care. | arthur yin fan david w.miller bonnie bolash matthew bauer john mcdonald sarah faggert hongjian he yong ming li amy matecki lindy camardella mel hopper koppelman jennifer a.m.stone lindsay meade john pang | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2017，15，6： | 29 |
| 8 | Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for functional dyspepsia: Systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication therapy benefits patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for patients with functional dyspepsia published in English(up to May 2015) were identified by searching Pub Med, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Pooled estimates were measured using the fixed or random effect model. Overall effect was expressed as a pooled risk ratio(RR) or a standard mean difference(SMD). All data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0.RESULTS: This systematic review included 25 RCTs with a total of 5555 patients with FD. Twenty-three of these studies were used to evaluate the benefits of H. pylori eradication therapy for symptom improvement; the pooled RR was 1.23(95%CI: 1.12-1.36, P < 0.0001). H. pylori eradication therapy demonstrated symptom improvement during long-term follow-up at ≥ 1 year(RR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12-1.37, P < 0.0001) but not during short-term follow-up at < 1 year(RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 0.83-1.92, P = 0.27). Seven studies showed no benefit of H. pylori eradication therapy on quality of life with an SMD of-0.01(95%CI:-0.11 to 0.08, P = 0.80). Six studies demonstrated that H. pylori eradication therapy reduced the development of peptic ulcer disease compared to no eradication therapy(RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18-0.68, P = 0.002). Eight studies showed that H. pylori eradication therapy increased the likelihood of treatment-related side effects compared to no eradication therapy(RR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.12-3.65, P = 0.02). Ten studies demonstrated that patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy were more likely to obtain histologic resolution of chronic gastritis compared to those who did not receive eradication therapy(RR = 7.13; 95%CI: 3.68-13.81, P < 0.00001).CONCLUSION: The decision to eradicate H. pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia requires individual assessment. | Li-Jun Du Bin-Rui Chen John J Kim Sarah Kim Jin-Hua Shen Ning Dai | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，12： | 30 |
| 9 | 华为公司专利产学研合作:特征、网络演化及其启示显示文摘华为公司作为中国通信行业的领军者,在专利活动与技术创新方面非常活跃,也开展了大量的专利产学研合作。通过统计华为公司产学研合作的发明专利数据,采用专利计量和社会网络分析方法,分析了华为公司专利产学研合作的基本特征,并采用UCINET软件进行可视化描述,揭示出专利产学研合作的阶段演化特征和网络属性,得出企业专利产学研合作的有益规律和启示,为我国企业开展专利产学研合作以及专利合作网络的发展与管理提供参考和借鉴。 | 王珊珊 邓守萍 Sarah Yvonne Cooper 王宏起 | 2018 | 科学学研究2018，36，4： | 27 |
| 10 | 非洲猪瘟病毒特性和临床症状显示文摘非洲猪瘟(African Swine Fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African Swine Fever Virus,ASFV)引发的一种猪病,可以造成猪大量发病和死亡。该病毒可以通过与感染猪、感染猪的产品或易感的媒介(尤其是钝缘蜱属的蜱)直接或间接地接触传播。ASF在非洲和东欧大部分地区呈地方性流行,病毒侵入未发生ASF的国家可以造成严重的经济影响,因为感染动物的生产会受到损失以及因非洲猪瘟的暴发可能受到贸易限制。我们确定了可能会造成ASFV侵入美国或其他无ASF国家的薄弱环节。合法和非法的活体动物运输,以及动物产品、副产品、饲料进口都会带来病毒侵入的风险。我们将介绍每一条侵入路径,概述用于防止ASFV和其他病原体侵入美国的现有规定;此外,我们还将强调现有的ASFV研究空白。可以评价多种尚未定性的钝缘蜱属中蜱种的实验室试验将有利于了解媒介能力、宿主偏好和易感软蜱媒介的分布与高密度养猪生产区以及野生猪(野猪或类似物种)大量生活区域的关系。促使宿主应答和决定可产生保护作用免疫机制的抗原性病毒蛋白的相关知识是研发疫苗的基础。最后,对非法进口和查抄的野猪产品采样以检测ASFV可以对进口产品的类型提供新的认识,并可以提供关于ASFV侵入风险的更多知情看法。 | 贾良梁(译) 夏俊花(审) Vienna R.Brown Sarah N.Bevins | 2018 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2018，38，12： | 25 |
| 11 | 云南省勐腊县人房蚊虫群落特征研究显示文摘目的 :对云南省西双版纳州勐腊县西北方向人房蚊虫群落特征进行研究并探讨蚊类群落学调查与分析方法。方法 :采用CDC和UV诱蚊灯人房通宵捕蚊 ,对所获得的数据材料进行群落学特征分析。结果 :捕获蚊虫 2亚科5属 9亚属 2 0种 2 861只 ,数据处理分析发现人房蚊虫优势种有迷糊按蚊、三带喙库蚊、微小按蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊、可赫按蚊、侧白伊蚊、吉甫按蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、棕头库蚊 ,优势度分别为 64 .84、46.75、41.17、40 .16、3 2 .3 7、2 8.19、2 1.90、12 .5 9、12 .5 3、16.19;群落的Shannon -Wienner多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度集中指数分别为 2 .88、0 .67、0 .1914 ;经 χ2 检验 (P >P0 .0 5)和回归方程分析 (r >0 .3 4) ,综合比较发现 :微小按蚊与多斑按蚊、可赫按蚊、棕头库蚊结合的较好 ,中华按蚊与棕头库蚊、可赫按蚊结合的较好 ,可赫按蚊与棕头库蚊结合的较好。结论 :该人房群落蚊种较丰富 ,群落组成和结构复杂 。 | 周红宁 杜尊伟 肖育江 张再兴 王学忠 Nigel Hill Sarah Pettifor | 2002 | 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志2002，13，3： | 20 |
| 12 | High Performance In Vivo Near-IR (>1 μm) Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy with Carbon Nanotubes显示文摘Short single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)functionalized by PEGylated phospholipids are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanomaterials with intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence(NIR PL),characteristic Raman spectra,and strong optical absorbance in the near infrared(NIR).This work demonstrates the first dual application of intravenously injected SWNTs as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0-1.4μm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm for photothermal tumor elimination at the lowest injected dose(70μg of SWNT/mouse,equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg)and laser irradiation power(0.6 W/cm2)reported to date.Ex vivo resonance Raman imaging revealed the SWNT distribution within tumors at a high spatial resolution.Complete tumor elimination was achieved for large numbers of photothermally treated mice without any toxic side effects after more than six months post-treatment.Further,side-by-side experiments were carried out to compare the performance of SWNTs and gold nanorods(AuNRs)at an injected dose of 700μg of AuNR/mouse(equivalent to 35 mg/kg)in NIR photothermal ablation of tumors in vivo.Highly effective tumor elimination with SWNTs was achieved at 10 times lower injected doses and lower irradiation powers than for AuNRs.These results suggest there are significant benefits of utilizing the intrinsic properties of biocompatible SWNTs for combined cancer imaging and therapy. | Joshua T.Robinson Kevin Welsher Scott M.Tabakman Sarah P.Sherlock Hailiang Wang Richard Luong Hongjie Dai | 2010 | Nano Research2010，3，11： | 20 |
| 13 | Influence of ellagic acid on prostate cancer cell proliferation:A caspase-dependent pathway显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of allagic acid treatment on the cell viability of human prostate cancer cells.Methods:Ellagic acid(10-100 mol/L) treatment(48 h) of human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells was found to result in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis of PC3 cells as assessed by MTT assay,western blotting.flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.Results:We observed that ellagic acid treatment of PC3 cells resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth/cell viability.This ellagic acid caused cell growth inhibition was found to be accompanied by induction of apoptosis,as assessed by the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) and morphological changes.Further,induction of apoptosis accompanied a decrease in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase in proapoptotic protein Bax.thus shifting the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in favor of apoptosis.Ellagic acid treatment of PC3 cells was also found to result in significant activation of caspases,as shown by the dose dependent decrease in the protein expression of procaspase-3,-6.-8 and -9.This ellagic acid-mediated induction of apoptosis was significantly(80%-90%) inhibited by the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK).Thus these data suggested an essential role of caspases in ellagic acid-mediated apoptosis of PC3 cells.Conclusions:It is tempting to suggest that consumption of tropical pigmented fruits and vegetables could be an effective strategy to combat prostate cancer. | Arshi Malik Sarah Afaq Mohammad Shahid Kafil Akhtar Abdullah Assiri | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，7： | 18 |
| 14 | 在初治和经治丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型慢性感染的非肝硬化亚洲成年患者中评价奥比帕利联合达塞布韦治疗的有效性和安全性:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的 评估奥比帕利(奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦,OBV/PTV/r)25/150/100mg,1次/d,联合达塞布韦250mg,2次/d,在丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的初治和经治非肝硬化中国成年患者中的有效性和安全性.方法 采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心Ⅲ期临床试验,在中国大陆、韩国、中国台湾地区进行.纳入基因1b型初治和普通干扰素/聚乙二醇干扰素α联合利巴韦林经治非肝硬化患者,随机分为2组,分别接受OBV/PTV/r联合达塞布韦方案立即治疗12周(A组),或接受安慰剂治疗12周后再继续接受OBV/PTV/r联合达塞布韦方案治疗12周(B组).评估患者停药12周获得的持续病毒学应答(SVR12)及停药24周获得的持续病毒学应答(SVR24)率,及双盲阶段和开放标签阶段治疗后的不良事件和实验室异常发生率. 结果 共纳入410例中国大陆患者资料,按1∶1比例随机分至A组和B组(每组205例).A组(205例)中初治患者的SVR12及SVR24率均为99% (95%CI:94.8% ~ 99.8%),经治患者的SVR12及SVR24率均为100% (95% CI:96.3%~ 100%),不同基线特征对SVR12及SVR24率没有影响.发生的大多数不良事件为轻度,治疗期间≥3级实验室异常少见,主要包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高(双盲阶段A组2例)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高(双盲阶段A组3例)和总胆红素升高(开放标签阶段B组1例),通常无症状,用药中断或停药后可恢复.仅有1例因不良事件停药(B组,开放标签阶段). 结论 疗程为12周的OBV/PTV/r联合达塞布韦方案治疗中国基因1b型初治和经治非肝硬化慢性丙型肝炎患者可获得99%~ 100%的SVR12及SVR24率,且耐受性和安全性良好. | 魏来 成军 Luo Yan 李军 段钟平 侯金林 贾继东 张明香 黄燕 谢青 王贵强 杨东亮 赵伟 赵彩彦 唐红 蔺淑梅 龚国忠 牛俊奇 高志良 Sarah Kopecky-Bromberg Linch Fredrick Niloufar Mobashery Wang Ye 王介非 | 2018 | 中华肝脏病杂志2018，26，5： | 18 |
| 15 | The utility of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of volume status in acute and critically ill patients显示文摘BACKGROUND:Volume resuscitation has only been demonstrated to be effective in approximately fifty percent of patients.The remaining patients do not respond to volume resuscitation and may even develop adverse outcomes(such as acute pulmonary edema necessitating endotracheal intubation).We believe that point-of-care ultrasound is an excellent modality by which to adequately predict which patients may benefi t from volume resuscitation.DATA RESOURCES:We performed a search using PubMed,Scopus,and MEDLINE.The following search terms were used:fluid responsiveness,ultrasound,non-invasive,hemodynamic,fluid challenge,and passive leg raise.Preference was given to clinical trials and review articles that were most relevant to the topic of assessing a patient’s cardiovascular ability to respond to intravenous fl uid administration using ultrasound.RESULTS:Point-of-care ultrasound can be easily employed to measure the diameter and collapsibility of various large vessels including the inferior vena cava,common carotid artery,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein,and femoral vein.Such parameters are closely related to dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and can be used by providers to help guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.CONCLUSION:Ultrasound in combination with passive leg raise is a non-invasive,costand time-effective modality that can be employed to assess volume status and response to fluid resuscitation.Traditionally sonographic studies have focused on the evaluation of large veins such as the inferior vena cava,and internal jugular vein.A number of recently published studies also demonstrate the usefulness of evaluating large arteries to predict volume status. | Ali Pourmand Matthew Pyle David Yamane Kazi Sumon Sarah E.Frasure | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，4： | 18 |
| 16 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 17 | 在初治和经治丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型慢性感染的代偿期肝硬化亚洲成年患者中评价奥比帕利和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗的有效性和安全性显示文摘目的 评估奥比帕利(奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦)25/150/100mg,1次/d和达塞布韦(DSV) 250 mg,2次/d联合利巴韦林在丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的代偿期肝硬化中国大陆成年患者中的有效性和安全性. 方法 采用开放标签、多中心Ⅲ期临床试验,在中国大陆、中国台湾地区和韩国开展,纳入初治和经治基因1b型丙型肝炎病毒感染的代偿期肝硬化(Metavir 评分纤维化分期=F4)成年患者,接受奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗12周.评估患者停药12周获得的持续病毒学应答(SVR)及24周获得的SVR率,并在接受至少1次研究药物的患者中评估有效性和安全性. 结果 共纳入63例中国大陆患者,其中62例(98.4%)患者基线Child-Pugh评分为5分.患者总体SVR12率及SVR24率为100% (95% CI:94.3% ~ 100.0%).发生的大多数不良事件为轻度.常见(发生率≥10%)所有级别不良事件和实验室异常包括总胆红素升高(36.5%)、乏力(19.0%)、非结合胆红素升高(19.0%)、结合胆红素升高(17.5%)和贫血(14.3%).3例(4.8%)患者发生≥3级不良事件,均被研究者判定为与研究药物无关.无患者出现导致提前停药的不良事件. 结论 丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的代偿期肝硬化中国大陆患者接受奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗12周,停药12周和24周的SVR均为100%.耐受性及安全性良好,大多数不良事件为轻度. | 魏来 王贵强 Sarah Kopecky-Bromberg 成军 诩青 汪茂荣 许敏 段钟平 侯金林 张明香 张跃新 唐红 赵伟 蔺淑梅 贾战生 牛俊奇 高志良 袁宏 林明华 周新民 Luo Yan Linda Fredrick Niloufar Mobashery Wang Ye 贾继东 | 2018 | 中华肝脏病杂志2018，26，5： | 17 |
| 18 | 男男性行为人群同性恋身份自我认同与艾滋病危险因素的相关性显示文摘[目的]探索男男性接触者(MSM)对自己同性恋身份的认同及其与艾滋病相关危险因素的关系。[方法]使用统一设计的调查问卷,对利用'滚雪球'、'网络动员'等途径招募的151名MSM采用匿名面对面询问方式调查其自我认同、性行为、性伴网络、吸毒史和健康相关行为。[结果]消极自我认同的比例为56.29%(85/151)。文化程度与自我认同有关联性(χ2=8.022,P<0.05)。自认性取向为同性恋的积极自我认同比例高于自认性取向为双性恋和异性恋者(χ2=5.108,P<0.05)。不同自我认同和与男性首次性行为年龄、与异性结婚可能性、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体检测率、过去6个月有异性性伴/固定男性伴/多次男性伴等因素的关联有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),其中积极自我认同的MSM与男性首次性行为更多发生在20岁以前、与异性结婚可能性小、更易接受HIV检测服务、拥有固定男性伴比例高、拥有异性性伴和多次男性伴的比例小。[结论]MSM人群消极自我认同的比例较高,其无保护性交和多性伴较广泛地存在,主动求医进行HIV抗体检测率较低,感染HIV危险性和传播桥梁作用也更大。应广泛开展社会反歧视宣传,促进MSM积极自我认同,增进艾滋病预防服务利用,有效降低艾滋病传播的风险。 | 石国政 殷方兰 张永 宁镇 钟培松 Sarah Jane Steele Ted Myers | 2012 | 环境与职业医学2012，29，5： | 16 |
| 19 | Light-absorbing Particles in Snow and Ice: Measurement and Modeling of Climatic and Hydrological impact显示文摘Light absorbing particles(LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance(a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice(LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g.in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle. | Yun QIAN Teppei J.YASUNARI Sarah J.DOHERTY Mark G.FLANNER William K.M.LAU MING Jing Hailong WANG Mo WANG Stephen G.WARREN Rudong ZHANG | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，1： | 16 |
| 20 | Uplift, climate and biotic changes at the Eocene-Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet显示文摘The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas.Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse,but threatened,Asian biota.Here,with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives,we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene(~34 Ma)to be^3 km and rising,possibly attaining its present elevation(3.9 km)in the early Oligocene.We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate,likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change,and that,by the latest Eocene,floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place,implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene. | Tao Su Robert A. Spicer Shi-Hu Li He Xu Jian Huang Sarah Sherlock Yong-Jiang Huang Shu-Feng Li Li Wang Lin-Bo Jia Wei-Yu-Dong Deng Jia Liu Cheng-Long Deng Shi-Tao Zhang Paul J. Valdes Zhe-Kun Zhou | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 16 |
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