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| 1 | 广州小北路黑人聚居区社会空间分析显示文摘1978年改革开放带来中国城市的快速转型。近年来,针对经济转型背景下中国大城市的社会空间研究很多,但对在全球化影响下出现的跨国移民族裔聚居区的研究尚不多见。对广州黑人聚居区展开研究,以越秀区小北路为例,探讨其社会空间特征与演进机制。研究采用微观视角,针对典型案例进行问卷调查和半结构式访谈。研究表明,广州黑人聚居区与西方同类族裔社会区存在诸多差异。小北路黑人聚居区因全球化下新的'自下而上'的跨国经济联系而生,因广州城市的商贸文化、宗教历史、贸易网络和地理气候条件而兴,其跨国移民多为来自西非地区的族裔散居者/漂泊者(Diaspora),其人口构成异质多元,且流动性强。小北路的社会空间机制既包含被动隔离也包含主动聚居,其经济形态已经开始向'族裔聚居区经济'(ethnic enclave economy)发展。 | 李志刚 薛德升 Michael Lyons Alison Brown | 2008 | 地理学报2008，63，2： | 123 |
| 2 | 变质作用、板块构造及超级大陆旋回显示文摘麻粒岩相超高温变质作用(G-UHTM)主要发育于新太古代至寒武纪岩石中;推测在深部较年轻的,特别是新生代造山带岩石中也会有G-UHTM存在。岩石中最初出现G-UHTM记录意味着产生瞬时极高热流处的地球动力学发生了改变。许多G-UHTM带可能发育于类似现代大陆弧后的构造背景中。在较热的地球上,超大陆及其裂解形成的循环组合,尤其是经岩石圈减薄的洋盆卷入到其外翻过程中可能产生比现代太平洋边缘更热的大陆弧后。中温榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相变质作用(E-HPGM)也是最先发现于新太古代岩石记录中,并发育于从元古宙至古生代岩石中。E-HPGM带是对G-UHTM带的补充,并经常认为是记录了从俯冲至碰撞造山作用的过程。在元古宙岩石记录中的蓝片岩明显记录了与现代俯冲作用相关的低热流梯度。以发育柯石英(±硬柱石)或金刚石为特征的硬柱石蓝片岩和榴辉岩(高压变质作用,HPM)及超高压变质岩(UHPM)主要是在显生宙形成。HPM-UHPM记录了显生宙俯冲-碰撞造山带早期碰撞过程中的低热流梯度及陆壳的深俯冲作用。尽管与直觉不同,在超级大陆聚敛期(Wilson旋回洋盆打开和关闭)的大陆地块增生过程,许多HPM-UHPM带看来确实是通过小洋盆关闭而发育起来的,反映双重热体制的双重变质带仅发育于新太古代以来的岩石记录中。双重热体制是现代板块构造的特点,而双重变质作用则是板块构造在岩石记录中的特征性标志。尽管构造样式很可能不同,新太古代以来G-UHTM和E-HPGM带的发育证明“元古宙板块构造体制”的开始。以冷俯冲和大陆地壳深俯冲至地幔,以及其中的部分又从深达300km处发生折返为标志,“元古宙板块构造体制”在新元古代进化为“现代板块构造体制”,这个转变可由岩石中的HPM-UH-PM证明。记录这种极端条件的变质带年龄是不一致的,而变质作用发生时间与各大陆岩石圈聚合到超级克拉通(如Superia/Sclavia)或超级大陆(如Nuna(Columbia),Rodinia,Gondwana,和Pangea)的时间却是一致的。 | Michael Brown | 2007 | 地学前缘2007，14，1： | 24 |
| 3 | The contribution of metamorphic petrology to understanding lithosphere evolution and geodynamics显示文摘In the early 1980 s,evidence that crustal rocks had reached temperatures 1000 C at normal lower crustal pressures while others had followed low thermal gradients to record pressures characteristic of mantle conditions began to appear in the literature,and the importance of melting in the tectonic evolution of orogens and metamorphic-metasomatic reworking of the lithospheric mantle was realized.In parallel,new developments in instrumentation,the expansion of in situ analysis of geological materials and increases in computing power opened up new fields of investigation.The robust quantification of pressure(P),temperature(T) and time(f) that followed these advances has provided reliable data to benchmark geodynamic models and to investigate secular change in the thermal state of the lithosphere as registered by metamorphism through time.As a result,the last 30 years have seen significant progress in our understanding of lithospheric evolution,particularly as it relates to Precambrian geodynamics.Eoarchean-Mesoarchean crust registers uniformly high T/P metamorphism that may reflect a stagnant lid regime,in contrast,two contrasting types of metamorphism,eclogite-high-pressure granulite metamorphism,with apparent thermal gradients of 350-750 C/CPa.and granulite-ultrahigh temperature metamorphism,with apparent thermal gradients of 750-1500 C/GPa,appeared in the Neoarchean rock record.The emergence of paired metamorphism is interpreted to register the onset of one-sided subduction,which introduced an asymmetric thermal structure at these developing convergent plate margins characterized by lower T/P in the subduction channel and higher T/P in the overriding plate.During the Paleoarchean to Paleoproterozoic the ambient mantle temperature was warmer than at present by ~300-150 ℃.Although the thermal history of Earth is only poorly constrained,it is likely that prior to ca.3.0 Ga heating from radioactive decay would have exceeded surface heat loss,whereas since ca.2.5 Ga secular cooling has dominated the thermal history of the Earth.The advent of paired metamorphism is consistent with other changes in the geological record during the Neoarchean that are best explained as the result of a transition from a stagnant lid to subduction and a global plate tectonics regime by ca.2.5 Ga.This interpretation is supported by results from 2-D numerical experiments of oceanic subduction that demonstrate a change to one-sided subduction is plausible as upper mantle temperature declined to <200 ℃warmer than at present during the late Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic.This is the beginning of the Proterozoic plate tectonics regime.At 1.0 Ga the ambient mantle temperature was still ~150-100 ℃ warmer than at present.Continued secular cooling caused a transition to cold subduction registered in the crustal record of metamorphism by the first appearance of blueschist and high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism during the Neoproterozoic.Results of 2-D numerical experiments of continental collision demonstrate a transition from shallow to deep slab breakoff associated with stronger crust-mantle coupling that enabled continental subduction to mantle depths as upper mantle temperature declined to <100 ℃ warmer than at present during the late Proterozoic.This is the beginning of the modern plate tectonics regime. | Michael Brown | 2014 | Geoscience Frontiers2014，5，4： | 22 |
| 4 | 2018年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员任命,代表各领域的医学专家。严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。不允许写作组成员对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。所有推荐意见必须得到写作组成员的一致通过,除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票。由4名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发布前评审。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/美国心脏协会2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版美国心脏协会指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于目前可获得的最佳证据。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J. Powers Alejandro A. Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M. Adeoye Nicholas C. Bambakidis Kyra Becker José Biller Michael Brown Bart M. Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C. Jauch Chelsea S. Kidwell Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A. Scott Kevin N. Sheth Andrew M. Southerland Deborah V. Summers David L. Tirschwell 徐加平 刘慧慧 张霞 石际俊 黄志超 尤寿江 郭志良 肖国栋 杜万良 曹勇军 | 2018 | 国际脑血管病杂志2018，26，2： | 19 |
| 5 | 2019年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南:针对2018年急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南的更新美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)指南,同时也是对2018年版AIS指南的更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会任命,代表各领域的医学专家。写作组成员不得对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。对2013年版AIS指南的更新最初于2018年1月发表,该版指南已经过AHA科学咨询与协调委员会以及AHA执行委员会批准。2018年4月,在删除部分推荐意见后,该指南的修订版在AHA网站上在线发表。要求写作组审查原始文件并在必要时进行修订。2018年6月,写作组提交了一份经过细微更改并纳入新近发表的重要随机对照试验(受试者数量>100名且具有AIS发病后至少90 d的临床转归)的文件。经过14位专家进行同行评议后,写作组根据同行评议专家的意见进行了适当修改。目前的最终文件已经过写作组全体成员(除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票)以及AHA管理机构批准。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/AHA 2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版AHA指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于现有证据提供了总体推荐意见,用于指导治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对AIS的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J.Powers Alejandro A.Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M.Adeoye Nicholas C.Bambakidis Kyra Becker Jose Biller Michael Brown Bart M.Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C.Jauch Chelsea S.Kidwell Thabele M.Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A.Scott Kevin N.Sheth Andrew M.Southerl Deborah V.Summers Tirschwell 徐加平(译) 庄圣(译) 郭志良(译) 黄志超(译) 尤寿江(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 石际俊(译) 肖国栋(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) | 2020 | 国际脑血管病杂志2020，28，1： | 18 |
| 6 | 2-Year GLOBE Trial Results: Telbivudine Is Superior to Lamivudine in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B显示文摘 | Yun–Fan Liaw Edward Gane Nancy Leung Stefan Zeuzem Yuming Wang Ching Lung Lai E. Jenny Heathcote Michael Manns Natalie Bzowej Junqi Niu Steven–Huy Han Seong Gyu Hwang Yilmaz Cakaloglu Myron J. Tong George Papatheodoridis Yagang Chen Nathaniel A. Brown Efs | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，2： | 13 |
| 7 | Genome-wide Scan for Seed Composition Provides Insights into Soybean Quality Improvement and the Impacts of Domestication and Breeding显示文摘优秀特点的复杂基因建筑学妨碍了努力在大豆修改种子营养素。染色体宽的协会研究为种子作文被进行,包括蛋白质,油,丰满的酸,和氨基酸,用有一个高密度的 SNP 数组的 313 多样的大豆 germplasm 就职 genotyped。87 个 chromosomal 区域的一个总数被识别与种子作文被联系,解释基因变化的 8%-89% 。已知的功能的候选人基因 GmSAT1, AK-HSDH, SACPD-C,和 FAD3A,和通常认为的 MtN21 nodulin, FATB,和 steroid-5 -- 涉及 N 2 固定,氨基酸生合成,和丰满的酸新陈代谢的 reductase 在主要效果的 loci 被发现。另外的 germplasm 就职的进一步的分析显示这些主要效果的 loci 受到了驯服或现代繁殖选择,并且突变而产生之遗传的变体和分布与地理区域相关。我们也表明与种子重量有关并且到全部的蛋白质的氨基酸集中有一个不同基因基础。这帮助揭开在种子之中的复杂关系的深入的基因机制加重。因此,我们的学习不仅为大豆营养素改进提供珍贵基因和标记,份量上和品质上,而且进在驯服期间优秀、引起的大豆的改变的提议卓见。 | Jiaoping Zhang Xianzhi Wang Yaming Lu Siddhi J. Bhusal Qijian Song Perry B. Cregan Yang Yen Michael Brown Guo-Liang Jiang | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，3： | 12 |
| 8 | Dietary advanced glycation end-products aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To determine if manipulation of dietary advanced glycation end product(AGE), intake affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) progression and whether these effects are mediated via RAGE. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat, high fructose, high cholesterol(HFHC) diet for 33 wk and compared with animals on normal chow. A third group were given a HFHC diet that was high in AGEs. Another group was given a HFHC diet that was marinated in vinegar to prevent the formation of AGEs. In a second experiment, RAGE KO animals were fed a HFHC diet or a high AGE HFHC diet and compared with wildtype controls. Hepatic biochemistry, histology, picrosirius red morphometry and hepatic mR NA were determined. RESULTS Long-term consumption of the HFHC diet generated significant steatohepatitis and fibrosis after 33 wk. In this model, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal content(a marker of chronic oxidative stress), hepatocyte ballooning, picrosirius red staining, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A gene expression were all significantly increased. Increasing the AGE content of the HFHC diet by baking further increased these markers of liver damage, but this was abrogated by pre-marination in acetic acid. In response to the HFHC diet, RAGE-/-animals developed NASH of similar severity to RAGE+/+ animals but were protected from the additional harmful effects of the high AGE containing diet. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells showed that AGEs increase cell proliferation and oxidative stress, providing a likely mechanism through which these compounds contribute to liver injury. CONCLUSION In the HFHC model of NAFLD, manipulation of dietary AGEs modulates liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis via a RAGE dependent pathway. This suggests that pharmacological and dietary strategies targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway could slow the progression of NAFLD. | Christopher Leung Chandana B Herath Zhiyuan Jia Sof Andrikopoulos Bronwyn E Brown Michael J Davies Leni R Rivera John B Furness Josephine M Forbes Peter W Angus | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 7 |
| 9 | Joint Motion Control of a Powered Lower Limb Orthosis for Rehabilitation显示文摘许多病人与针伤害被限制到轮椅,在 carer 上与第二等的病理和增加的依赖导致一种坐着的生活方式。增加的证据证明了运动训练减少这些第二等的病理的发生,但是物理努力在这涉及训练是以便有差的依从。这篇论文在一个新鈥渉u 人的设计和控制上报导友好鈥 ? orthosis (皮骨骼) ,以高力量灵魂肌肉致动器(pMAs ) 为动力。一个高度顺从的使活动系统的联合与臀部,膝,和脚关节放感觉的聪明的嵌入的控制机制,速度,加速和力量,生产强大还为半身不遂者病人的内在地安全的操作。这份报纸在零装载下面分析脚关节,膝,和新潮的关节的运动,并且装载哪个模仿人的手足质量,证明鈥渟o 英尺鈥 ? 致动器的使用能提供一个光滑的用户友好运动。这种技术的申请将极大地为半身不遂者病人改进使复权协议。关键词皮骨骼 - 集中人的机器人学 - 人的适应 Mechatronics - 灵魂肌肉致动器(pMAs )- 康复尼尔森肋前缘在计算机并且在 1999 的在机器的系统和自动化的在 1995 的电子设计和他的 M.Sc 收到了他的 B.Sc 度,在 Coimbra 的大学,葡萄牙。他当前在 Salford 的大学在先进机器人学正在追求博士,更大的英国曼彻斯特。他的研究兴趣包括传感器,致动器,电源来源,力量扩大皮骨骼,康复机器人学和触觉的反馈系统。米兰 Bezdicek 在 2003 在捷克的共和国从 Brno 工业大学在 Mechatronics 收到了他的 M.Sc。他当前在 Salford 的大学是机器人学和 haptics 的博士学生,英国。他的研究兴趣包括 biomechanics,电子学,计算机控制了分析的用机器制造的、人工的神经网络, haptics, DSP,聪明的传感器和结构。约翰· O ·格雷在控制工程从大学曼彻斯特获得了他的博士和 D.Sc 学位,他的早工作在非线性的控制系统, C.A.D 过程和精确的方面上集中了电磁的乐器学。在 1988,与学术、工业的同事一起,他建立了英国国家先进机器人学研究中心。在 1990 年代,他最近在先进机器人学和更多上组织了一系列 EC.sponsored 会议(2001 鈥 ? 005 ) 先进机器人学上的主持 EPSRC 和 IEE 网络。Darwin G. 考德威尔分别地在 1986 和 1990 从赫尔的大学在机器人学收到了他的 B.Sc 和博士。在 1994 在里面在管理收到了 M.Sc。自从 1999,他在 Salford 的大学是在机器人学和自动化的中心的先进机器人学的主席。他是超过 150 篇学术论文的作者或合作者并且有 4 项专利。他的研究兴趣包括为食物工业的创新致动器和传感器,触觉的反馈,力量扩大皮骨骼,灵巧的操纵者,类人动物机器人学, biomimetic 系统,康复机器人学和机器的系统。考德威尔教授当前是 IEEE (机器人学和自动化社会) 的 UKRI 区域的主席。史蒂芬·胡钦斯与 HPC 在 1978 作为 orthotist 毕业了是在在 Salford 和登记 orthotist 的大学的 Orthotics 的高级讲师。他为在预防的膝 bracing 要过去常的原型 orthotic 膝关节的设计在 1997 由研究在 Orthotics 获得了 M.Sc。他当前在断断续续的跛的处理在摇椅脚底开发的题目上正在追求博士。他在 orthotic 膝关节设计上有很多项英国专利。他的研究兴趣包括更低的手足 orthotics 和鞋类设计的所有方面。 | Nelson Costa Milan Bezdicek Michael Brown John O.Gray Darwin G.Caldwell Stephen Hutchins | 2006 | International Journal of Automation and computing2006，3，3： | 7 |
| 10 | Inpatient capsule endoscopy leads to frequent incomplete small bowel examinations显示文摘AIM:To examine the predictive factors of capsule endoscopy(CE) completion rate(CECR) including the effect of inpatient and outpatient status.METHODS:We identified 355 consecutive patients who completed CE at Rush University Medical Center between March 2003 and October 2005.Subjects for CE had either nothing by mouth or clear liquids for the afternoon and evening of the day before the procedure.CE exams were reviewed by two physicians who were unaware of the study hypotheses.After retrospective analysis,21 cases were excluded due to capsule malfunction,prior gastric surgery,endoscopic capsule placement or insufficient data.Of the remaining 334 exams [264 out-patient(OP),70 in-patient(IP)],CE indications,findings,location of the patients [IP vs OP and intensive care unit(ICU) vs general medical floor(GMF)] and gastrointestinal transit times were analyzed.Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS version 17(Chicago,IL).Chi-square,t test or fisher exact-tests were used as appropriate.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with incomplete CE exams.RESULTS:The mean age for the entire study population was 54.7 years.Sixty-one percent of the study population was female,and gender was not different between IPs vs OPs(P = 0.07).The overall incomplete CECR was 14% in our study.Overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGB) was a significantly more common indication for the IP CE(P = 0.0001),while abdominal pain and assessment of IBD were more frequent indications for the OP CE exams(P = 0.002 and P = 0.01,respectively).Occult OGB was the most common indication and arteriovenous malformations were the most common finding both in the IPs and OPs.The capsule did not enter the small bowel(SB) in 6/70 IPs and 8/264 OPs(P = 0.04).The capsule never reached the cecum in 31.4%(22/70) of IP vs 9.5%(25/264) of OP examinations(P < 0.001).The mean gastric transit time(GTT) was delayed in IPs compared to OPs,98.5 ± 139.5 min vs 60.4 ± 92.6 min(P = 0.008).Minimal SB transit time was significantly prolonged in the IP compared to the OP setting [IP = 275.1 ±111.6 min vs OP = 244.0 ± 104.3 min(P = 0.037)].CECR was also significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with OGB who had OP vs IP exams(95% vs 80% respectively,P = 0.001).The proportion of patients with incomplete exams was higher in the ICU(n = 7/13,54%) as compared to the GMF(n = 15/57,26%)(P = 0.05).There was only a single permanent SB retention case which was secondary to a previously unknown SB stricture,and the remaining incomplete SB exams were due to slow transit.Medications which affect gastrointestinal system motility were tested both individually and also in aggregate in univariate analysis in hospitalized patients(ICU and GMF) and were not predictive of incomplete capsule passage(P > 0.05).Patient location(IP vs OP) and GTT were independent predictors of incomplete CE exams(P < 0.001 and P = 0.008,respectively).CONCLUSION:Incomplete CE is a multifactorial problem.Patient location and related factors such as severity of illness and sedentary status may contribute to incomplete exams. | Cemal Yazici John Losurdo Michael D Brown Scott Oosterveen Robert Rahimi Ali Keshavarzian Leila Bozorgnia Ece Mutlu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，36： | 6 |
| 11 | Acute pancreatitis in aging animals:Loss of pancreatitis-associated protein protection?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of age on severity of acute pancreatitis(AP) using biochemical markers,histology and expression of the protective pancreatitisassociated proteins(PAPs).METHODS:AP was induced via intraductal injection of 4% sodium taurocholate in young and old rats.Sera and pancreata were assayed at 24 h for the parameters listed above;we also employed a novel molecular technique to assess bacterial infiltration using polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial genomic ribosomal RNA.RESULTS:At 24 h after induction of AP,the pancreata of older animals had less edema(mean ± SE histologic score of young vs old:3.11 ± 0.16 vs 2.50 ±-0.11,P < 0.05),decreased local inflammatory response(histologic score of stromal infiltrate:3.11 ± 0.27 vs 2.00 ± 0.17,P < 0.05) and increased bacterial infiltration(174% ± 52% increase from sham vs 377% ± 4%,P < 0.05).A decreased expression of PAP1 and PAP2 was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining.There were no differences in serum amylase and lipase activity,or tissue myeloperoxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.However,in the most-aged group,serum C-reactive protein levels were higher(young vs old:0.249 ± 0.04 mg/dL vs 2.45 ± 0.68 mg/dL,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:In older animals,there is depressed PAP expression related to a blunted inflammatory response in AP which is associated with worsened bacterial infiltration and higher C-reactive protein level;this may explain the more aggressive clinical course. | Sophia Fu Albert Stanek Cathy M Mueller Nefertti A Brown Chongmin Huan Martin H Bluth Michael E Zenilman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 5 |
| 12 | 力量和太极训练对改善膝骨关节炎病人运动能力及症状的作用(英文)显示文摘背景:至今还没有相关研究曾比较过力量和太极训练对膝骨关节炎(OA)症状缓解的作用。本研究旨在评价为期10周的太极训练和抗阻力训练干预对改善老年OA病人症状和运动的作用。方法:31名老年病人(60-85岁)随机分为3组:10周太极组(n=12)、抗阻力训练组(n=13)和对照组(n=6)。所有参与者完成了西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)膝骨关节炎的指数功能评分,并在为期10周的干预前后进行了3项身体活动能力测试(6 min步行、计时起立行走、计时上下楼梯)。结果:力量训练组成员的计时起立行走测试成绩(p=0.001)、WOMAC疼痛分项分数(p=0.006)、WOMAC僵硬分项分数(p<0.001)、WOMAC身体机能分项分数(p=0.011)均显著提高。太极组成员的计时起立行走测试成绩显著提高(p<0.001),但WOMAC评分无显著变化。结论:力量训练能有效改善膝关节OA病人的运动和症状,太极训练仅能改善运动能力,但不能改善OA症状。 | Michael Wortley Songning Zhang Maxime Paquette Erin Byrd Lucas Baumgartner Gary Klipple John Krusenklaus Larry Brown | 2013 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2013，2，4： | 5 |
| 13 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics— 2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert J. Adams Todd M. Brown Mercedes Carnethon Shifan Dai Giovanni De Simone T. Bruce Ferguson Earl Ford Karen Furie Cathleen Gillespie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern P. Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Stev | 2010 | Circulation2010，，7： | 5 |
| 14 | Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market显示文摘 | Gregory W. Brown Michael T. Cliff | 2003 | Journal of Empirical Finance2003，，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Impact of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Quality of Life and Survival in Liver Transplant Candidates显示文摘 | Michael B. Fallon Michael J. Krowka Robert S. Brown James F. Trotter Steven Zacks Kari E. Roberts Vijay H. Shah Neil Kaplowitz Lisa Forman Keith Wille Steven M. Kawut | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，4： | 4 |
| 16 | Multifunctional to multistage delivery systems: The evolution of nanoparticles for biomedical applications显示文摘Nanomaterials are advancing in several directions with significant progress being achieved with respect to their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical application. In this review, we will describe several classes of prototypical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, silicon particles, and gold nanoshells, in terms of their individual function as well as their synergistic use. Active and passive targeting, photothermal ablation, and drug controlled release constitute some of the crucial functions identified to achieve a medical purpose. Current limitations in targeting, slow clearance, and systemic as well as local toxicity are addressed in reference to the recent studies that attempted to comprehend and solve these issues. The demand for a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on the body and of their potential immune response underlies this discussion. Combined components are then discussed in the setting of multifunctional nanocarriers, a class of drug delivery systems we envisioned, proposed, and evolved in the last 5 years. In particular, our third generation of nanocarriers, the multistage vectors, usher in the new field of nanomedicine by combining several components onto multifunctional nanocarriers characterized by emerging properties and able to achieve synergistic effects. | MARTINEZ Jonathan O BROWN Brandon S QUATTROCCHI Nicoletta EVANGELOPOULOS Michael FERRARI Mauro TASCIOTTI Ennio | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，31： | 4 |
| 17 | The LDL Receptor显示文摘 | Joseph L. Goldstein Michael S. Brown | 2009 | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology2009，，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Prevent Recurrence of HCV Infection after Liver Transplantation: An Open-Label Study显示文摘 | Michael P. Curry Xavier Forns Raymond T. Chung Norah A. Terrault Robert Brown Jonathan M. Fenkel Fredric Gordon Jacqueline O’Leary Alexander Kuo Thomas Schiano Gregory Everson Eugene Schiff Alex Befeler Edward Gane Sammy Saab John G. McHutchison G. Mani S | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，： | 3 |
| 19 | National Park vegetation mapping using multitemporal Landsat 7 data and a decision tree classifier显示文摘 | Eric C. Brown de Colstoun Michael H. Story Craig Thompson Kathy Commisso Timothy G. Smith James R. Irons | 2003 | Remote Sensing of Environment2003，，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence for hepatitis B virus(HBV) and HBV screening and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:This study is a retrospective,cross-sectional observational study.A retrospective chart review was performed in 500 patients who have been consecutively treated for IBD between September 2008 and January 2013 at the Rush University Medical Center Gastroenterology section.The patients were identified through the electronic medical record with the criteria that they attended the gastroenterology clinic,and that they had a diagnosis of IBD at the time of visit discharge.Once identified,each record was analyzed to determine whether the subject had been infected with HBV in the past,already been vaccinated against HBV,or advised to get vaccinated and followed through with the recommended vaccination.RESULTS:About 254 out of 500 patients(51%) had HBV screening ordered.Among those ordered to have screening tests,86% followed through with HBV serology.Gastroenterology physicians had significantly different screening ratios from each other(P < 0.001).There were no significant differences in the ratios of HBV screening when IBD specialists were compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.505 ± 0.023 vs 0.536 ± 0.066,P = 0.66).Of those 220 patients screened,51% of IBD patients were found not to be immune against HBV.Approximately 50% of gastroenterology physicians recommended HBV vaccinations to their patients in whom serology was negative for antibodies against HBV.IBD specialists recommended vaccinations to a higher percentage of their patients compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.168 ± 0.019 vs 0.038 ± 0.026,P = 0.015).Present and/or past HBV infection was found in 3.6% of the patients who had serology checked.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) between our study and that reported in previous studies done in Spain(4/220 vs 14/2076 respectively,P = 0.070); and in France(4/220 vs 3/315 respectively,P = 0.159).But,the prevalence of anti-HBcAb in this study was less than that reported in the study in Spain(7/220 vs 155/2076 respectively,P = 0.006); and was not sig-nificantly different from that reported in the study in France(7/220 vs 8/315 respectively,P = 0.313).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HBsAg in our IBD patients was not higher than previously reported European studies.Most IBD patients are not routinely screened or vaccinated against HBV at a tertiary referral center in the United States. | Ruwaida Ben Musa Anuhya Gampa Sanjib Basu Ali Keshavarzian Garth Swanson Michael Brown Rana Abraham Keith Bruninga John Losurdo Mark DeMeo Sohrab Mobarhan David Shapiro Ece Mutlu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 2 |
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