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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Suppressing the liquid product crossover in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction显示文摘Coupling electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)R)with a renewable energy source to create high‐value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy in moving toward a sustainable global energy economy.CO_(2)R liquid products,such as formate,acetate,ethanol,and propanol,offer high volumetric energy density and are more easily stored and transported than their gaseous coun-terparts.However,a significant amount(~30%)of liquid products from electrochemical CO_(2)R in a flow cell reactor cross the ion exchange membrane,leading to the substantial loss of system‐level Faradaic efficiency.This severe crossover of the liquid product has—until now—received limited attention.Here,we review promising methods to suppress liquid product crossover,including the use of bipolar membranes,solid‐state electrolytes,and cation‐exchange membranes‐based acidic CO_(2)R systems.We then outline the re-maining challenges and future prospects for the production of concentrated liquid products from CO_(2). | Ning Wang Rui Kai Miao Geonhui Lee Alberto Vomiero David Sinton Alexander H.Ip Hongyan Liang Edward H.Sargent | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 13 |
| 4 | Infrared upconversion imaging in nonlinear metasurfaces显示文摘Infrared imaging is a crucial technique in a multitude of applications,including night vision,autonomous vehicle navigation,optical tomography,and food quality control.Conventional infrared imaging technologies,however,require the use of materials such as narrow bandgap semiconductors,which are sensitive to thermal noise and often require cryogenic cooling.We demonstrate a compact all-optical alternative to perform infrared imaging in a metasurface composed of GaAs semiconductor nanoantennas,using a nonlinear wave-mixing process.We experimentally show the upconversion of short-wave infrared wavelengths via the coherent parametric process of sum-frequency generation.In this process,an infrared image of a target is mixed inside the metasurface with a strong pump beam,translating the image from the infrared to the visible in a nanoscale ultrathin imaging device.Our results open up new opportunities for the development of compact infrared imaging devices with applications in infrared vision and life sciences. | Rocio Camacho-Morales Davide Rocco Lei Xu Valerio Flavio Gili Nikolay Dimitrov Lyubomir Stoyanov Zhonghua Ma Andrei Komar Mykhaylo Lysevych Fouad Karouta Alexander Dreischuh Hark Hoe Tan Giuseppe Leo Costantino De Angelis Chennupati Jagadish Andrey E.Miroshnichenko Mohsen Rahmani Dragomir N.Neshev | 2021 | Advanced Photonics2021，3，3： | 11 |
| 5 | A Likert Scale-Based Model for Benchmarking Operational Capacity,Organizational Resilience,and Disaster Risk Reduction显示文摘Likert scales are a common methodological tool for data collection used in quantitative or mixed-method approaches in multiple domains.They are often employed in surveys or questionnaires,for benchmarking answers in the fields of disaster risk reduction,business continuity management,and organizational resilience.However,both scholars and practitioners may lack a simple scale of reference to assure consistency across disciplinary fields.This article introduces a simple-to-use rating tool that can be used for benchmarking responses in questionnaires,for example,for assessing disaster risk reduction,gaps in operational capacity,and organizational resilience.We aim,in particular,to support applications in contexts in which the target groups,due to cultural,social,or political reasons,may be unsuitable for in-depth analyses that use,for example,scales from 1 to 7 or from 1 to 10.This methodology is derived from the needs emerged in our recent fieldwork on interdisciplinary projects and from dialogue with the stakeholders involved.The output is a replicable scale from 0 to 3 presented in a table that includes category labels with qualitative attributes and descriptive equivalents to be used in the formulation of model answers.These include examples of levels of resilience,capacity,and gaps.They are connected to other tools that could be used for in-depth analysis.The advantage of our Likert scale-based response model is that it can be applied in a wide variety of disciplines,from social science to engineering. | Gianluca Pescaroli Omar Velazquez Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Carmine Galasso Patty Kostkova David Alexander | 2020 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2020，11，3： | 8 |
| 6 | Machine-learned multi-system surrogate models for materials prediction显示文摘Surrogate machine-learning models are transforming computational materials science by predicting properties of materials with the accuracy of ab initio methods at a fraction of the computational cost.We demonstrate surrogate models that simultaneously interpolate energies of different materials on a dataset of 10 binary alloys(AgCu,AlFe,AlMg,AlNi,AlTi,CoNi,CuFe,CuNi,FeV,and NbNi)with 10 different species and all possible fcc,bcc,and hcp structures up to eight atoms in the unit cell,15,950 structures in total.We find that the deviation of prediction errors when increasing the number of simultaneously modeled alloys is<1 meV/atom.Several state-of-the-art materials representations and learning algorithms were found to qualitatively agree on the prediction errors of formation enthalpy with relative errors of<2.5% for all systems. | Chandramouli Nyshadham Matthias Rupp Brayden Bekker Alexander V.Shapeev Tim Mueller Conrad W.Rosenbrock Gábor Csányi David W.Wingate Gus L.W.Hart | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: Australian real world experience显示文摘AIM To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of tenofovir therapy in patients in a real world Australian tertiary care setting.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes among treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients receiving a minimum 3 mo tenofovir therapy through St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. We included patients receiving tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)] monotherapy, as well as patients treated with TDF in combination with a second antiviral agent. Patients were excluded if they demonstrated human immune-deficiency virus/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis delta virus coinfection or were less than 18 years of age. We considered virological and biochemicalresponse, as well as safety outcomes. Virological response was determined by measurement of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA using sensitive assays; biochemical response was determined via serum liver function tests; histological response was determined from liver biopsy and fibroscan; safety analysis focused on glomerular renal function and bone mineral density. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete virological suppression over time, defined by HBV DNA < 20 IU/m L. Secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of biochemical response, and HB e antigen(HBe Ag)/HB surface antigen loss and seroconversion over time.RESULTS Ninety-two patients were identified who fulfilled the enrolment criteria. Median follow-up was 26 mo(range 3-114). Mean age was 46(24-78) years, 64(70%) were male and 77(84%) were of Asian origin. 55(60%) patients were treatment-na?ve and 62 patients(67%) were HBe Ag-negative. Complete virological suppression was achieved by 45/65(71%) patients at 12 mo, 37/46(80%) at 24 mo and 25/28(89%) at 36 mo. Partial virological response(HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/m L) was achieved by 89/92(96.7%) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between virological suppression at end of follow-up and baseline HBV DNA level(OR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.833-0.967, P = 0.0046) and HBe Ag positive status(OR = 0.373, 95%CI: 0.183-0.762, P = 0.0069). There was no difference in response comparing treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients. Three episodes of virological breakthrough occurred in the setting of noncompliance. Tenofovir therapy was well tolerated.CONCLUSION Tenofovir is an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated treatment in an Australian real-world tertiary care setting. Our data are similar to the reported experience from registration trials. | Grace C Lovett Tin Nguyen David M Iser Jacinta A Holmes Robert Chen Barbara Demediuk Gideon Shaw Sally J Bell Paul V Desmond Alexander J Thompson | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Cholestatic liver diseases:An era of emerging therapies显示文摘Recently the field of cholestasis has expanded enormously reflecting an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bile secretion and its perturbation in chronic cholestatic disease. Novel anti-cholestatic therapeutic options have been developed for patients not favorably responding to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the current standard treatment for cholestatic liver disease. Important novel treatment targets now also include nuclear receptors involved in bile acid (BA) homoeostasis like farnesoid X receptor and G proteincoupled receptors e.g., the G-protein-coupled BA receptor “transmembrane G coupled receptor 5”. Fibroblast growth factor-19 and enterohepatic BA transporters also deserve attention as additional drug targets as does the potential treatment agent norUDCA. In this review, we discuss recent and future promising therapeutic agents and their potential molecular mechanisms in cholestatic liver disorders. | Hrishikesh Samant Wuttiporn Manatsathit David Dies Hosein Shokouh-Amiri Gazi Zibari Moheb Boktor Jonathan Steve Alexander | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，13： | 6 |
| 9 | 参与式渭南地震情景构建:中国地震风险对策的行动研究示范显示文摘中国政府层面自上而下的防震减灾管理卓有成效;但是,对于提升全社会的整体防震减灾能力而言,尚需推动基于此而又有民众与基层自下而上广泛参与的全社会治理模式。为发展这种模式积累经验,渭南市地震情景构建示范项目借助参与式行动研究范式,特别关注了中国防震减灾工作当前存在的以下2点广泛不足:一是社会民众与基层的自下而上办法薄弱,且与政府层面自上而下对策之间的相互衔接与促进不足;二是科学研究向实际减灾对策的转化不足,特别是针对自下而上办法的科学研究与应用转化不足。取得的主要进展有:1)基于广泛参与理念,通过'研究者'和'减灾实践者'、'相关者'、'当事人'2方面人员间的密切合作,共同诊断评估了渭南面临的主要地震灾害风险及隐患、共同提炼了针对性的减灾对策改进建议等,从而使情景构建所得的结果或认识更加可靠、所提对策建议更加符合当地实际需要;借助行动研究过程平台,尝试了风险评估、风险沟通和风险对策改进3大环节的无缝衔接与同步互动,促进了科学研究与实际应用的直接对接与就地转化。2)基于多尺度、多层面视角和同时为'政府'或'部门'与'基层'或'民众'两大类用户服务。在关注改进自上而下对策的同时,针对薄弱的自下而上办法,特别是就这两大对策途径间最广泛与最可持续的接口——宣传教育和家庭、学校、社区减灾,开展了大规模的专项调查分析,梳理了系列化的现今本底与改进方向。3)聚焦改善减灾宣教和促进风险沟通,编创了由'故事'引导的2版内容与形式均有显著差别的地震情景叙事读本:政府版和公众版,以期借助'故事'和艺术呈现'故事'带动人们更好地理解与应用情景构建结果和认识,借助'故事'演绎社会性灾害脆弱成分——'留守儿童家庭与贫困'之于灾害的强化与叠加效应,促进人们对地震灾害风险更加全面与深入的认识;在理性刻板科学中融入感性与人文艺术情怀,以引导共识与共鸣、改善减灾态度、培养减灾价值观,进而激发减灾行动和减灾参与意愿,特别是激励人们就相关问题进行长期思考和持续行动改善。以上3方面进展,从总体上实现了对中国防震减灾工作存在的前述2点广泛不足的有益研讨与部分弥补推动尝试。参与式渭南地震情景构建行动研究示范,对国内相关工作具有抛砖引玉的作用,也为国际同类工作积累了中国经验。 | 苏桂武 Janise Rodgers 田青 齐文华 Philip England Timothy Sim John Young 王东明 李志强 冯希杰 孙磊 陈鲲 Emily So Barry Parsons 赵金礼 石建梁 袁志祥 Yue Cao 周旗 魏本勇 David Milledge Alexander Densmore | 2020 | 地震地质2020，42，6： | 6 |
| 10 | Sustained Type I interferon signaling as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade显示文摘PD-1 blockade represents a major therapeutic avenue in anticancer immunotherapy.Delineating mechanisms of secondary resistance to this strategy is increasingly important.Here,we identified the deleterious role of signaling via the type I interferon(IFN)receptor in tumor and antigen presenting cells,that induced the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2(N0S2),associated with intratumor accumulation of regulatory T cells(Treg)and myeloid cells and acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody(mAb).Sustained IFNP transcription was observed in resistant tumors,in turn inducing PD-L1 and N0S2 expression in both tumor and dendritic cells(DC).Whereas PD-L1 was not involved in secondary resistance to anti-PD-1 mAb,pharmacological or genetic inhibition of N0S2 maintained long-term control of tumors by PD-1 blockade,through reduction of Treg and DC activation.Resistance to immunotherapies,including anti-PD-1 mAb in melanoma patients,was also correlated with the induction of a type I IFN signature.Hence,the role of type I IFN in response to PD-1 blockade should be revisited as sustained type I IFN signaling may contribute to resistance to therapy. | Nicolas Jacquelot Takahiro Yamazaki Maria PRoberti Connie PMDuong Miles CAndrews Loic Verlingue Gladys Ferrere Sonia Becharef Marie Vetizou Romain Daillere Meriem Messaoudene David PEnot Gautier Stoll Stefano Ugel Maria Marigo Shin Foong Ngiow Aurelien Marabelle Armelle Prevost-Blondel Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan Alexander MEggermont Paule Opolon Christophe Klein Gabriele Madonna Paolo AAscierto Antje Sucker Dirk Schadendorf Mark JSm yth Jean-Charles Soria Guido Kroemer Vincenzo Bronte Jennifer Wargo and Laurence Zitvogel | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，10： | 6 |
| 11 | Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘AIM: Prospective evaluation of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for failed Schutz grade 1 biliary cannulation in a high-volume center. METHODS: Prospective intention-to-treat analysis of patients referred for biliary cannulation following recent unsuccessful ERCP. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (35 female; mean age: 62.5 years; age range: 40-87 years) with previous failed biliary cannulation were referred for repeat ERCP. The indication for ERCP was primarily choledocholithiasis (45%) or pancreatic malignancy (18%). Successful biliary can- nulation was 100%. The precut needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was 27.4%. Complications occurred in 3.9% (post-ERCP pancreatitis). An identif iable reason for initial unsuccessful biliary cannulation was present in 55% of cases. Compared to a cohort of 940 nave pa-pilla patients (female 61%; mean age: 59.9 years; age range: 18-94 years) who required sphincterotomy over the same time period, there was no statistical difference in the cannulation success rate (100% vs 98%) or postERCP pancreatitis (3.1% vs 3.9%). Precut NKS use was more frequent (27.4% vs 12.7%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Referral to a high-volume center following unsuccessful ERCP is associated with high technical success, with a favorable complication rate, compared to routine ERCP procedures. | Michael P Swan Michael J Bourke Stephen J Williams Sina Alexander Alan Moss Rick Hope David Ruppin | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 6 |
| 12 | Effect of No-Reflow During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction on Six-Month Mortality显示文摘 | David Brosh Abid R. Assali Aviv Mager Avital Porter David Hasdai Igal Teplitsky Eldad Rechavia Shmuel Fuchs Alexander Battler Ran Kornowski | 2007 | The American Journal of Cardiology2007，，4： | 4 |
| 13 | Intestinal Tumorigenesis Initiated by Dedifferentiation and Acquisition of Stem-Cell-like Properties显示文摘 | Sarah Schwitalla Alexander A. Fingerle Patrizia Cammareri Tim Nebelsiek Serkan I. G?ktuna Paul K. Ziegler Ozge Canli Jarom Heijmans David J. Huels Guenievre Moreaux Rudolf A. Rupec Markus Gerhard Roland Schmid Nick Barker Hans Clevers Roland Lang Jens Neu | 2013 | Cell2013，，： | 3 |
| 14 | Age-dependent impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in an all-comer population显示文摘在有 TAXUS 和心脏的外科(句法) 的经皮的冠的干预之间的 BackgroundThe 协同作用分数在有复杂冠的动脉疾病的病人是为风险层化和 revascularization 策略选择的一个验证工具。学习是分析它的年龄相关的预示的 value.MethodsSYNTAX 分数的这的目的在经历经皮的冠的干预(一种总线标准) 的 1331 个所有来者病人被计算:463 个病人 75 年和 868 个病人 < 75 年。兴趣的结果是在一个和二 years.ResultsA 点的所有原因死亡为死亡的年龄和句法分数的重要相互作用被观察在二年(P 相互作用 = 0.019 ) 然而并非在一个年后续(P 相互作用 = 0.594 ) 。在 multivariable 分析,句法分数独立地在两个年龄组预言了 1 年的死亡(< 75 年,危险比率(HR ) :1.43, 95% 信心间隔(CI ) :1.03-2.00, P = 0.034;并且 75 年, HR:1.37, 95% CI:1.01-1.85, P = 0.042 ) ,但是在更年轻的病人之中的仅仅二年的死亡(< 75 年, HR:1.33, 95% CI:1.01-1.76, P = 0.041;并且 75 年, HR:1.11, 95% CI:0.87-1.41, P = 0.394 ) 。句法分数 tertiles 是有用的成层在两个的 1 年的死亡,病人 < 75 年(句法分数 < 9, 3.8% ;9-20, 5.3% ;20, 10.3% ;P = 0.004 ) 并且 75 年(句法分数 < 11, 5.7% ;11-22.5, 16.1% ;22.5, 18.7% ;P = 0.003 ) ,但是仅仅在病人之中的二年的死亡 < 75 年(句法分数 < 9, 6.5% ;9-20, 7.6% ;20, 15% ;P < 0.001 ) 并且不在 75 个岁病人之中(句法分数 < 11, 19.4% ;11-22.5, 26.3% ;22.5, 27.9% ;P = 0.138 ).ConclusionsAge 在一种总线标准以后在长术语的死亡上修改句法分数的影响。在病人之中 < 75 年,句法分数独立地在一种总线标准以后在一个和二年点预言死亡的风险,当时在病人之中它的预兆的角色在一种总线标准以后被限制到第一年的 75 年。进一步的研究被需要为在老病人之中选择最适当的 revascularization 策略评估句法分数的价值。 | Madeleine Eickhoff Stefanie Schupke Alexander Khandoga Julia Fabian Moritz Baquet David Jochheim David Grundmann Manuela Thienel Axel Bauer Hans Theiss Stefan Brunner Jorg Hausleiter Steffen Massberg Julinda Mehilli | 2018 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2018，15，9： | 3 |
| 15 | Swallowed Fluticasone Improves Histologic but Not Symptomatic Response of Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis显示文摘 | Jeffrey A. Alexander Kee Wook Jung Amindra S. Arora Felicity Enders David A. Katzka Gail M. Kephardt Hirohito Kita Lori A. Kryzer Yvonne Romero Thomas C. Smyrk Nicholas J. Talley | 2012 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，7： | 3 |
| 16 | Results of docetaxel plus oxaliplatin (DOCOX) ± cetuximab in patients with metastatic gastric and/or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: results of a randomized phase 2 study显示文摘 | Donald Richards Darren M. Kocs Alexander I. Spira A. David McCollum Sami Diab Lanny I. Hecker Allen Cohn Feng Zhan Lina Asmar | 2013 | European Journal of Cancer2013，，： | 3 |
| 17 | Staining for p53 and Ki-67 increases the sensitivity of EUS-FNA to detect pancreatic malignancy显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether tumor marker staining can improve the sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)to diagnose pancreatic malignancy. METHODS:Patients who underwent EUS-FNA were retrospectively identified.Each EUS-FNA specimen was evaluated by routine cytology and stained for tumor markers p53,Ki-67,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and CA19-9.Sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values(PPV and NPV),and positive and negative likelihood ratios(PLR and NLR)were calculated in order to evaluate the performance of each test to detect malignancy. RESULTS:Sixty-one specimens had complete sets of stains,yielding 49 and 12 specimens from pancreatic adenocarcinomas and benign pancreatic lesions due to pancreatitis,respectively.Cytology alone had sensitivity and specificity of 41%and 100%to detect malignancy, respectively.In 46%of the specimens,routine cytology alone was deemed indeterminate.The addition of either p53 or Ki-67 increased the sensitivity to 51%and 53%,respectively,with perfect specificity,PPV and PLR (100%,100%and infinite).Both stains in combination increased the sensitivity to 57%.While additional staining with CEA and CA19-9 further increased the sensitivity to 86%,the specificity,PPV and PLR were significantly reduced(at minimum 42%,84%and 1,respectively).Markers in all combinations performed poorly as a negative test(NPV 26%to 47%,and NLR 0.27 and 0.70).CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemical staining for p53 and Ki-67 can improve the sensitivity of EUS-FNA to diagnose pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | Alexander W Jahng Sonya Reicher David Chung Donna Varela Rahul Chhablani Anil Dev Binh Pham Jose Nieto Rose J Venegas Samuel W French Bruce E Stabile Viktor E Eysselein | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，11： | 3 |
| 18 | A Multicenter Analysis of Distal Pancreatectomy for Adenocarcinoma: Is Laparoscopic Resection Appropriate?显示文摘 | David A. Kooby William G. Hawkins C. Max Schmidt Sharon M. Weber David J. Bentrem Theresa W. Gillespie Johnita Byrd Sellers Nipun B. Merchant Charles R. Scoggins Robert C.G. Martin Hong Jin Kim Syed Ahmad Clifford S. Cho Alexander A. Parikh Carrie K. Chu | 2010 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2010，，5： | 2 |
| 19 | The Common Feature of Leukemia-Associated IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations Is a Neomorphic Enzyme Activity Converting α-Ketoglutarate to 2-Hydroxyglutarate显示文摘 | Patrick S. Ward Jay Patel David R. Wise Omar Abdel-Wahab Bryson D. Bennett Hilary A. Coller Justin R. Cross Valeria R. Fantin Cyrus V. Hedvat Alexander E. Perl Joshua D. Rabinowitz Martin Carroll Shinsan M. Su Kim A. Sharp Ross L. Levine Craig B. Thompson | 2010 | Cancer Cell2010，，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Parametric study on smoothed particle hydrodynamics for accurate determination of drag coefficient for a circular cylinder显示文摘Simulations of two-dimensional(2D) flow past a circular cylinder with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method were conducted in order to accurately determine the drag coefficient. The fluid was modeled as a viscous liquid with weak compressibility. Boundary conditions,such as a no-slip solid wall, inflow and outflow, and periodic boundaries, were employed to resemble the physical problem. A sensitivity analysis, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies, was conducted on several SPH parameters. Hence, the effects of distinct parameters, such as the kernel choices and the domain dimensions, were investigated with the goal of obtaining highly accurate results. A range of Reynolds numbers(1-500) was simulated, and the results were compared with existing experimental data. It was observed that the domain dimensions and the resolution of SPH particles, in comparison to the obstacle size, affected the obtained drag coefficient significantly. Other parameters, such as the background pressure, influenced the transient condition, but did not influence the steady state at which the drag coefficient was determined. | Maziar Gholami Korzani Sergio A. Galindo-Torres Alexander Scheuermann David J. Williams | 2017 | Water Science and Engineering2017，10，2： | 2 |
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