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| 1 | Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: A critical analysis review显示文摘Femoral neck fractures account for nearly half of all hip fractures with the vast majority occurring in elderly patients after simple falls.Currently there may be sufficient evidence to support the routine use of hip replacement surgery for low demand elderly patients in all but non-displaced and valgus impacted femoral neck fractures.However for the physiologically young patients,preservation of the natural hip anatomy and mechanics is a priority in management because of their high functional demands.The biomechanical challenges of femoral neck fixation and the vulnerability of the femoral head blood supply lead to a high incidence of non-union and osteonecrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation are essentials in achieving the goals of treatment in this young patient population.Furthermore,other management variables such as surgical timing,the role of capsulotomy and the choice of implant for fixation remaincontroversial.This review will focus both on the demographics and injury profile of the young patient with femoral neck fractures and the current evidence behind the surgical management of these injuries as well as their major secondary complications. | Thierry Pauyo Justin Drager Anthony Albers Edward J Harvey | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 70 |
| 2 | Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging mechanisms of immunomodulation and therapy显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a pleiotropic population of cells that are self-renewing and capable of differentiating into canonical cells of the mesenchyme, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. They employ multi-faceted approaches to maintain bone marrow niche homeostasis and promote wound healing during injury. Biomedical research has long sought to exploit their pleiotropic properties as a basis for cell therapy for a variety of diseases and to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell establishment and stromal reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation. Early results demonstrated their usage as safe, and there was little host response to these cells. The discovery of their immunosuppressive functions ushered in a new interest in MSCs as a promising therapeutic tool to suppress inflammation and down-regulate pathogenic immune responses in graft-versus-host and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs produce a large number of soluble and membrane-bound factors, some of which inhibit immune responses. However, the full range of MSC-mediated immune-modulation remains incompletely understood, as emerging reports also reveal that MSCs can adopt an immunogenic phenotype, stimulate immune cells, and yield seemingly contradictory results in experimental animal models of inflammatory disease. The present review describes the large body of literature that has been accumulated on the fascinating biology of MSCs and their complex effects on immune responses. | Justin D Glenn Katharine A Whartenby | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 55 |
| 3 | Why Lake Taihu continues to be plagued with cyanobacterial blooms through 10 years(2007–2017) efforts显示文摘With the expansion of urban, industry, and agriculture after World War II, eutrophication firstly emerged as a major water quality threat in small water bodies [1]. As the increasing magnitudes and scales of nutrient pollution and habitat alteration, many of the world's large lakes exhibit symptoms of eutrophication, e.g., toxic cyanobacterial blooms, deoxygenation, and habitat loss. | Boqiang Qin Hans W.Paerl Justin D.Brookes Jianguo Liu Erik Jeppesen Guangwei Zhu Yunlin Zhang Hai Xu Kun Shi Jianming Deng | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，6： | 50 |
| 4 | Partial splenic artery embolization in cirrhotic patients显示文摘Splenomegaly is a common sequela of cirrhosis, and is frequently associated with decreased hematologic indices including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Partial splenic artery embolization(PSE) has been demonstrated to effectively increase hematologic indices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. This is particularly valuable amongst those cirrhotic patients who are not viable candidates for splenectomy. Although PSE was originally developed decades ago, it has recently received increased attention. Presently, PSE is being utilized to address a number of clinical concerns in the setting of cirrhosis, including: decreased hematologic indices, portal hypertension and its associated sequela, and splenic artery steal syndrome. Following PSE patients demonstrate significant increases in platelets and leukocytes. Though progressive decline of hematologic indices occur following PSE, they remain improved as compared to pre-procedural values over long-term follow-up. PSE, however, is not without risk and complications of the procedure may occur. The most common complication of PSE is post-embolization syndrome, which involves a constellation of symptoms including fever, pain, and nausea/vomiting. The rate of complications has been shown to increase as the percent of total splenic volume embolized increases. The purpose of this review is to explore the current literature in re-gards to PSE in cirrhotic patients and to highlight their techniques, and statistically summarize their results and associated complications. | Tyson A Hadduck Justin P McWilliams | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，5： | 31 |
| 5 | Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a descriptive and comparative review显示文摘Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) is an extremely challenging surgery. First described in 1994, it has been slow to gain in popularity. Recently, however, we have seen an increase in the number of centers performing this operation, including our own institution, as well as an increase in the quantity of published data. The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of LPD as described in the literature. We performed a literature search in the Pub Med database using Me SH terms 'laparoscopy' and 'pancreaticoduodenectomy'. We then identified articles in the English language with over 20 patients that focused on LPD only. Review articles were excluded and only one article per institution was used for descriptive analysis in order to avoid overlap. There were a total of eight articles meeting review criteria, consisting of 492 patients. On descriptive analysis we found that percent of LPD due to high-grade malignancy averaged 47% over all articles. Average operative time was 452 minutes, blood loss 369 cc's, pancreatic leak rate 15%, delayed gastric emptying 8.6%, length of hospital stay 9.4 days, and short term mortality 2.3%. Comparison studies between open pancreaticoduodenectomy(OPD) and LPD suggested decreased blood loss, longer operative time, similar post-operative complication rate, decreased pain, and shorter hospital length of stay for LPD. There was also increased number of lymph nodes harvested and similar margin free resections with LPD in the majority of studies. LPD is a safe surgery, providing many of the advantages typically associated with laparoscopic procedures. We expect this operation to continue to gain in popularity as well as be offered in increasingly more complex cases. In future studies, it will be beneficial to look further at the oncologic outcome data of LPD including survival. | Justin Merkow Alessandro Paniccia Barish H.Edil | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2015，27，4： | 24 |
| 6 | Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations显示文摘Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus, premature osteoarthritis, and other significantlong-term disability. Certain populations, including young athletes, military personnel and those involved in frequent running, jumping, and cutting motions, are at increased risk. Proposed risk factors include prior ankle sprain, elevated body weight or body mass index, female gender, neuromuscular deficits, postural imbalance, foot/ankle malalignment, and exposure to at-risk athletic activity. Prompt, accurate diagnosis is crucial, and evidence-based, functional rehabilitation regimens have a proven track record in returning active patients to work and sport. When patients fail to improve with physical therapy and external bracing, multiple surgical techniques have been described with reliable results, including both anatomic and nonanatomic reconstructive methods. Anatomic repair of the lateral ligamentous complex remains the gold standard for recurrent ankle instability, and it effectively restores native ankle anatomy and joint kinematics while preserving physiologic ankle and subtalar motion. Further preventative measures may minimize the risk of ankle instability in athletic cohorts, including prophylactic bracing and combined neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. These interventions have demonstrated benefit in patients at heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain and allow active cohorts to return to full activity without adversely affecting athletic performance. | Brendan J Mc Criskin Kenneth L Cameron Justin D Orr Brian R Waterman | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，2： | 20 |
| 7 | 组织间和组织内知识转移:对其前因后果的元分析及评估显示文摘当前,学术界对组织知识转移的研究方兴未艾,但我们对其前因后果的理解依然相当含糊。尽管已经有人对组织知识转移的文献进行了概念性的定性回顾,但目前还没有人对已有的定量研究结果进行总结。为了实现这个目标,本文首先利用元分析方法考察了知识、组织和网络等不同前因变量是如何影响组织知识转移的;然后,对现有的关于知识转移及其后果之间关系的研究进行了整合;最后,论证了组织间和组织内的情境因素、知识转移的方向性以及测量特性对所研究关系的调节作用。通过收集和归纳现有研究结论,本文不仅对组织知识转移的途径和结果提出了新见解,还指明了未来的研究方向。 | Raymond van Wijk Justin J.P.Jansen Marjorie A.Lyles 毕克贵 | 2012 | 管理世界2012，28，4： | 19 |
| 8 | Endoscopy and polyps-diagnostic and therapeutic advances in management显示文摘Despite multiple efforts aimed at early detection through screening, colon cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with an estimated 51000 deaths during 2013 alone. The goal remains to identify and remove benign neoplastic polyps prior to becoming invasive cancers. Polypoid lesions of the colon vary widely from hyperplastic, hamartomatous and inflammatory to neoplastic adenomatous growths. Although these lesions are all benign, they are common, with up to one-quarter of patients over 60 years old will develop pre-malignant adenomatous polyps. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool to detect polyps and colon cancer, although several studies have demonstrated missed polyp rates from 6%-29%, largely due to variations in polyp size. This number can be as high as 40%, even with advanced (> 1 cm) adenomas. Other factors including sub-optimal bowel preparation, experience of the endoscopist, and patient anatomical variations all affect the detection rate. Additional challenges in decision-making exist when dealing with more advanced, and typically larger, polyps that have traditionally required formal resection. In this brief review, we will explore the recent advances in polyp detection and therapeutic options. | Scott R Steele Eric K Johnson Bradley Champagne Brad Davis Sang Lee David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Dana A Hayden Justin A Maykel | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，27： | 16 |
| 9 | The emergence of pandemic influenza viruses显示文摘Pandemic influenza has posed an increasing threat to public health worldwide in the last decade.In the 20th century,three human pandemic influenza outbreaks occurred in 1918,1957 and 1968,causing significant mortality.A number of hypotheses have been proposed for the emergence and development of pandemic viruses,including direct introduction into humans from an avian origin and reassortment between avian and previously circulating human viruses,either directly in humans or via an intermediate mammalian host.However,the evolutionary history of the pandemic viruses has been controversial,largely due to the lack of background genetic information and rigorous phylogenetic analyses.The pandemic that emerged in early April 2009 in North America provides a unique opportunity to investigate its emergence and development both in human and animal aspects.Recent genetic analyses of data accumulated through long-term influenza surveillance provided insights into the emergence of this novel pandemic virus.In this review,we summarise the recent literature that describes the evolutionary pathway of the pandemic viruses.We also discuss the implications of these findings on the early detection and control of future pandemics. | Yi Guan Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Justin Bahl Huachen Zhu Jia Wang Gavin J.D.Smith | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，1： | 16 |
| 10 | Aberrant expression of enzymes regulating m^6A mRNA methylation: implication in cancer显示文摘N^6-methyladenosine(m^6 A) is an essential RNA modification that regulates key cellular processes, including stem cell renewal,cellular differentiation, and response to DNA damage. Unsurprisingly, aberrant m^6 A methylation has been implicated in the development and maintenance of diverse human cancers. Altered m^6 A levels affect RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and translation of mRNAs into proteins, thereby disrupting gene expression regulation and promoting tumorigenesis. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of m^6 A regulatory enzymes affects m^6 A abundance and consequently dysregulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, including MYC, SOCS2, ADAM19, and PTEN. In this review, we discuss the specific roles of m^6 A missing space 'writers', 'erasers', and 'readers' in normal physiology and how their altered expression promotes tumorigenesis. We also describe the potential of exploiting the aberrant expression of these enzymes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapies. | Natalia Pinello Stephanie Sun Justin Jong-Leong Wong | 2018 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2018，15，4： | 15 |
| 11 | Effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on the expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors in an ocular hypertension model of rat glaucoma显示文摘Lycium barbarum, a traditional Chinese anti-aging herb, has been shown to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model. Here, we investigated the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a strong vasoconstrictor, and its receptors, ETA and ETB, in the COH model and assessed the effects of Lycium barbarum on the ET-1 axis. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced in the right eye of SD rats using argon laser photocoagulation. (1) The expression of ET-1, ETA and ETB in normal and COH retinas was studied. (2) Some COH rats were fed daily with Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) using 1 mg/kg or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 3 weeks (started 1 week before photocoagulation). The effects of LBP on the expression of ET-1 and its receptors, ETA and ETB, in COH retina were evaluated. A semi-quantitative analysis of staining intensity was used to evaluate the expression levels of ET-1, ETA and ETB in retinal vasculature. We found that (1) Under COH condition, the immunoreactivity of ET-1 was increased in retina associated with an increase of ETB receptor immunoreactivity and a decrease of ETA receptor immunoreactivity. (2) After feeding COH rats with LBP, the expression of ET-1 was decreased with an increase of ETA expression and a decrease of ETB expression in the retina, especially in RGCs. (3) By comparing the staining intensity in the vasculature of COH retina in LBP-fed group with PBS-fed group, there was a decrease in the expression of ET-1 and ETA and an increase in ETB. In summary, ET-1 expression was up-regulated in the retina in COH model. LBP could decrease the expression of ET-1 and modulate the expression of its receptors, ETA and ETB, under the condition of COH. The neuroprotective effect of LBP on RGCs might be related to its ability to regulate the ET-1-mediated biological effects on RGCs and retinal vasculature. | Xue-Song Mi Kin Chiu Geoffrey Van Justin Wai Chung Leung Amy Cheuk Yin Lo SookjaKim Chung Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang Kwok-Fai So | 2012 | Neural Regeneration Research2012，7，9： | 14 |
| 12 | Comprehensive and innovative techniques for livertransplantation in rats: A surgical guide显示文摘AIM: To investigate our learning curves of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats and the most important factor for successful surgery. METHODS: We describe the surgical procedures for our rat OLT model, and determined the operator learning curves. The various factors that contributed to successful surgery were determined. The most important surgical factors were evaluated between successful and unsuccessful surgeries.RESULTS: Learning curve data indicated that 50 cases were required for operator training to start a study. Operative time, blood loss, warm ischemic time, anhepatic phase, unstable systemic hemodynamic state, and body temperature after surgery significantly affected surgery success by univariate analysis, while the anhepatic phase was the most critical factor for success by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: OLT in rats is the only liver transplantation model that provides clinically relevant and reliable results. Shortened anhepatic phase is key to success in this model. | Tomohide Hori Justin H Nguyen Yasuhiro Ogura Toshiyuki Hata Shintaro Yagi Ann-Marie T Baine Norifumi Ohashi Christopher B Eckman Aimee R Herdt Hiroto Egawa Yasutsugu Takada Fumitaka Oike Seisuke Saka-moto Mureo Kasahara Kohei Ogawa Koichiro Hata Taku Iida Yukihide Yonekawa Lena Sibulesky Kagemasa Kuribayashi Takuma Kato Kanako Saito Mie Torii Naruhiko Sahara Naoko Kamo Tomoko Sahara Motohiko Yasutomi Shinji Uemoto | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，25： | 14 |
| 13 | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化蛋白激活小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体显示文摘小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体激活正在成为神经退行性变过程中神经炎症的关键因素。诸如β-淀粉样蛋白和α-突触核蛋白之类的致病性蛋白质聚集体触发小胶质NLRP3激活,从而导致半胱天冬酶-1激活和IL-1β的分泌。在小鼠肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)的SOD1G93A模型中,半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β均促进疾病进展,提示小胶质NLRP3在该进程中发挥作用。然而先前的研究表明,SOD1G93A小鼠小胶质细胞不表达NLRP3,SOD1G93A蛋白在小胶质细胞中产生独立于NLRP3的IL-1β。本研究论证了使用Nlrp3-GFP基因敲入小鼠,在SOD1G93A小鼠中小胶质细胞表达NLRP3。本研究显示聚集和可溶性SOD1G93A均可激活小鼠原代小胶质细胞中的炎性小体,导致半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β裂解,ASC斑点形成以及呈剂量和时间依赖性的IL-1β分泌。重要的是,SOD1G93A无法从缺乏Nlrp3的小胶质细胞或者用特异性NLRP3抑制剂MCC950预处理的小胶质细胞中诱导IL-1β分泌,从而证实NLRP3是介导SOD1诱导的小胶质细胞IL-1β分泌的关键炎症小体复合物。在TDP-43Q331K ALS小鼠模型中也观察到小胶质NLRP3上调,TDP-43野生型和突变蛋白亦可以NLRP3依赖性的方式激活小胶质炎性小体。从机制上讲,本研究确定了活性氧簇和ATP的生成是SOD1G93A介导的NLRP3激活所需的关键事件。总之,本研究的数据表明ALS小胶质细胞表达NLRP3,而病理ALS蛋白激活小胶质NLRP3炎性小体。因此,NLRP3抑制可能是阻止小胶质细胞神经炎症和ALS疾病进展的潜在治疗方法。 | Vandana Deora John D Lee Eduardo AAlbornoz Luke McAlary Cyril J Jagaraj Avril A B Robertson Julie D Atkin Matthew A Cooper Kate Schroder Justin J Yerbury Richard Gordon Trent MWoodruff 杜一星(编译) | 2020 | 神经损伤与功能重建2020，15，9： | 13 |
| 14 | MicroRNAs in lung cancer显示文摘Micro RNAs have become recognized as key players in the development of cancer. They are a family of small non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate the expression of cancer-related genes by sequenceselective targeting of m RNAs, leading to either m RNA degradation or translational repression. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a substantially low survival rate. Micro RNAs have been confirmed to play roles in lung cancer development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and response to therapy. They are also being studied for their future use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets. In this review we focus on the role of dysregulated micro RNA expression in lung tumorigenesis. We also discuss the role of micro RNAs in therapeutic resistance and as biomarkers. We further look into the progress made and challenges remaining in using micro RNAs for therapy in lung cancer. | Pooja Joshi Justin Middleton Young-Jun Jeon Michela Garofalo | 2014 | World Journal of Methodology2014，4，2： | 13 |
| 15 | 长距离跑后“足外翻”姿态增加膝关节内侧接触力:基于OpenSim肌骨建模及机器学习预测的研究显示文摘目的:揭示跑者在长距离跑后下肢关节的负荷与足姿态的变化及膝关节接触力分布且验证二者关联,为快速预测膝关节负荷提供简易手段。方法:运用OpenSim个体化肌骨建模分析业余跑者5 km跑后下肢关节的运动学、动力学及膝关节接触力变化,采用一维统计参数映射(Statistical Parametric Mapping 1d)分析法检测差异性,结合足姿态参数与膝关节总接触力及膝关节内外侧接触力训练并检验机器学习算法。结果:1)5 km跑后,髋关节蹬离期伸角度、支撑初期外旋角度及踝关节蹬离期跖屈角度均显著增大;2)髋关节支撑期伸力矩及支撑初期外展力矩、踝关节支撑期跖屈力矩均显著增大,膝关节支撑初期及蹬离期屈力矩均显著降低;3)膝关节蹬离期总接触力显著减小,支撑初期内侧接触力显著增大而支撑初期及蹬离期外侧接触力均显著减小;4)机器学习算法模型发现,足外翻程度增大引起膝关节总接触力及内侧接触力快速增大而外侧接触力逐步减小。结论:1)长距离跑后下肢关节负荷出现幅值及重新分布的变化,表现出增大的髋关节伸及外展力矩,减小的膝关节屈力矩及增大的踝关节跖屈力矩,可能与足姿态变化及相关肌群肌力有关;2)长距离跑后膝关节内侧接触力快速增大且与量化的足姿态参数呈线性关系;3)通过足姿态参数指标可快速预测膝关节接触力的变化,跑者可实地评估足姿态参数以预测膝关节负荷的幅值和分布变化,辅助科学合理的安排跑量及训练计划,降低跑步相关的膝关节损伤风险。 | 梅齐昌 相亮亮 孙冬 李建设 Justin Fernandez 顾耀东 | 2019 | 体育科学2019，39，9： | 12 |
| 16 | Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Rapid Stress Signaling Networks in Arabidopsis显示文摘As sessile organisms plants must cope with ever changing environmental conditions.To survive plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to perceive and rapidly respond to a diverse range of abiotic and biotic stresses.Central to this response is the ability to modulate gene expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.This review will focus on recent progress that has been made towards understanding the rapid reprogramming of the transcriptome that occurs in response to stress as well as emerging mechanisms underpinning the reprogramming of gene expression in response to stress. | Justin W. Walley Katayoon Dehesh | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，4： | 11 |
| 17 | 后循环大血管闭塞性卒中的血管内治疗策略:美国神经介入外科学会(SNIS)标准和指南委员会共识显示文摘后循环卒中大约占所有卒中的20%,但后循环急性大血管闭塞(pc-ELVO)仅占所有急性大血管闭塞性卒中的5%。尽管少见,但pc-ELVO患者往往病情严重,症状也不典型,良好预后率低。如何更好地对这些患者进行管理,是目前临床治疗的难点。近期,美国神经介入外科学会(SNIS)发布了一项关于后循环大血管闭塞性卒中的血管内治疗指南,旨在为pc-ELVO的影像学检查、诊断和血管内治疗技术提供详细的最新指导。 | Yasha Kayan Philip M Meyers Charles J Prestigiacomo Peter Kan Justin F Fraser 王丽娜(翻译) 刘焕(翻译) 贺迎坤(翻译) 邢莹(翻译) 何艳艳(翻译) 李天晓(翻译) 朱良付(翻译) 李钊硕(翻译) | 2019 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2019，7，4： | 11 |
| 18 | 人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性肺结核患者临床分析显示文摘目的 提高对人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)阳性肺结核 (PTB)的认识。方法 对赤道几内亚巴塔医院 1996年 1月~ 1999年 11月确诊的 16 8例HIV阳性PTB进行分析。结果 HIV在PTB患者的感染率由 1996年的 11 4%升至 1999年的 2 2 7%。患者多急骤起病 (94 6 % ) ,以近期消瘦(82 1% )、全身关节酸痛 (78 6 % )、皮肤瘙痒 (4 2 9% )、慢性腹泻 (2 3 2 % )、浅表淋巴结肿大 (2 0 8% )及皮炎 (13 1% )为常见症状、体征 ;6 3 3%的患者X线胸片表现为非特异性改变 ;痰找抗酸杆菌阳性率为 5 8 3% ;6个月短程抗结核方案 (2SHRZ/ 4HRZ)治疗后 ,存活者临床症状、体征、实验室及X线胸片检查结果有所改善 ,病死率为 2 7 4%。结论 临床医师应加强对HIV阳性PTB诊断的警惕性 ,痰抗酸杆菌涂片及X线胸片检查仍具有较好的诊断价值 。 | 王文琦 Cram AR Micah ST Justin JN | 2000 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2000，23，11： | 11 |
| 19 | WS2 nanoflakes from nanotubes for electrocatalysis显示文摘为切开的水的下一代的催化剂向可更新的氢经济是关键的。MoS2 和 WS2 在边地点与高催化的活动代表地球丰富的、高贵金属阴极选择。在他们的开发的一挑战是这些材料到 nanostructure 以便通过另外的边地点的创造完成增加的性能。在这个工作,我们表明一条简单线路用 sonochemical 脱落形成 nanostructured-WS2 在 WS2 nanotubes 打破夹层和 intralayer 契约。产生很少层 nanoflakes 是与边地点的高密度宽的 100 nm。WS2 nanoflakes 为氢进化反应作为阴极被利用(她的) 并且展览上级性能到 WS2 nanotubes 和体积粒子与一个更低的发作潜力,更浅的 Tafel 斜坡和增加的当前的密度。未来工作可以采用进一步改进 electrocatalytic 活动的极端小的 nanoflakes,掺杂物原子,或 graphene 混血儿。 | Charina L. Choi Ju Feng Yanguang Li Justin Wu Alia Zak Reshef Tenne Hongjie Dai | 2013 | Nano Research2013，6，12： | 11 |
| 20 | 预防性中央区淋巴结清扫治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的利与弊显示文摘对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的患者是否行预防性的中央区淋巴结清扫(pCND)是存在争议的。相比于其他恶性肿瘤而言,PTC患者有较好的整体生存率,但由于淋巴结的转移而导致局部复发也是治疗的一个难点。与颈侧区淋巴结转移不同,中央区淋巴结转移在术前评估中不易被发现,并且第1次术后如中央区的病灶复发或残留可能需再次手术治疗,但是出现手术并发症的风险将增加。由于中央区淋巴结在位置上属于甲状腺切除术的区域内,所以行pCND可以减少复发的风险及再次手术的需要,但也需要衡量患者的风险及获益。笔者将通过长期的治疗效果来讨论pCND的优势及劣势,同时也将对pCND的合理性,单或双侧pCND的指征及常规行pCND和复发再手术的比较进行讨论。分子标志物在高危患者中的应用及患者术后生存质量的研究也有所提及。 | Anthony R.Glover Justin S.Gundara Olov Norlén James C.Lee Stan B.Sidhu 冯铁成 李新营 | 2014 | 中国普通外科杂志2014，23，5： | 10 |
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