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| 1 | 美国伤口造口失禁专科护理特色与启示显示文摘美国伤口造口失禁护理经过一个多世纪的发展,已形成系统的培训及实践标准,2010年被美国护士协会认证为'提供伤口造口和失禁护理及实践标准的护理实践专科',标志着伤口造口失禁护理由专业护理升级为专科护理,分析其发展特点与特色,可为我国专科护士的培养和使用提供借鉴和参考。 | 蒋琪霞 Sharon Lepper 郑美春 霍孝蓉 Dorothy Doughty | 2012 | 中华护理杂志2012，47，9： | 69 |
| 2 | 美国的政府数据开放:历史、进展与启示显示文摘论述了美国政府数据开放的发展历程,特别是政府通过网站开放数据的实践;重点分析了美国政府数据开放的最新进展——Data.gov网站的特点与不足,进而探析美国政府数据开放对中国的启示意义。 | 陆健英 郑磊 Sharon S.Dawes | 2013 | 电子政务2013，，6： | 80 |
| 3 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 4 | 氮沉降的全球化:对于陆地生态系统的意义显示文摘人类活动产生的氮(N),包括农田氮肥施肥和矿物燃料燃烧过程中所固定的氮,其来源和分布正在迅速地扩展到全球范围。这部分氮进入到陆地生态系统中,将会促进植物的生长,并产生过量的氮,最终通过淋溶和痕量气体排放的形式,增加了氮的损失。在某种情况下,还会导致物种组成的变化和生态系统功能的衰减。但并非所有的生态系统都对氮沉降具有类似的响应。它们的响应情况,取决于氮沉降的连续性、生态系统的类型、生态系统对氮的需求或保持能力、土地利用的历史、土壤状况、地形条件、气候背景以及氮沉降的速度、时间和类型等因素。我们认为,起重要作用的是:一些对人类影响具有显著意义的条件、一些控制生态系统响应变化的因素以及一些由于资料缺乏而使不确定性增大的地方。 | Pamela Matson Kathleen A.Lohse Sharon J.Hall 闵庆文 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，2： | 71 |
| 5 | Diagnosis of ectopic pancreas by endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration显示文摘AIM:To study the clinical,endoscopic,sonographic,and cytologic features of ectopic pancreas(EP).METHODS:This was a retrospective study performedat an academic referral center including two hospitals.Institutional review board approval was obtained.Patients referred to the University Hospital or Denver Health Medical Center Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Lab for gastroduodenal subepithelial lesions(SEL)with a final diagnosis of EP between January 2009and December 2013 were identified.Patients in this group were selected for the study if they underwent endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)with fine-needle aspiration(FNA)or deep biopsy.A review of the medical record was performed specifically to review the following information:presenting symptoms,endoscopic and EUS findings,computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings,pathology results,procedure-related adverse events,and subsequent treatments after EUSFNA.EUS with FNA or deep submucosal biopsy was performed in all patients on an outpatient basais by one of two physicians(Attwell A,Fukami N).Review of all subsequent clinic notes and operative reports was performed in order to determine follow-up and final diagnoses.RESULTS:Between July 2009 and December 2013,10patients[3 males,7 females,median age 52(26-64)years]underwent EUS for a gastroduodenal SEL and were diagnosed with EP.One patient was symptomatic.Six(60%)lesions were in the antrum,3(30%)in the body,and 1(10%)in the duodenum.A mucosal dimple was noted in 6(60%).Mean lesion size was 17(8-25)mm.Gastrointestinal wall involvement:muscularis mucosae,10%;submucosa,70%;muscularis propria,60%;and serosa,10%.Nine(90%)lesions were hypoechoic and 5(50%)were homogenous.A duct was seen in 5(50%).FNA was attempted in 9(90%)and successful in 8(80%)patients after 4(2-6)passes.Cytology showed acini or ducts in 7 of 8(88%).Superficial biopsies in 7 patients(70%)showed normal gastric mucosa.Deep endoscopic biopsies were taken in 2 patients and diagnostic in one.One patient(10%)developed pancreatitis after EUS-FNA.Two patients(20%)underwent surgery to relieve symptoms or confirm the diagnosis.The main limitation of the study was the fact that it was retrospective and performed at a single medical center.CONCLUSION:EUS features of EP include antral location,mucosal dimple,location in layers 3-4,and lesional duct,and FNA or biopsy is accurate and effective. | Augustin Attwell Sharon Sams Norio Fukami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 22 |
| 6 | 电子治理的演进及持续挑战显示文摘电子治理是指运用信息与通讯技术(ICTs)来支撑公共服务、政府管理、民主程序、并改善公民、公民社会、私有部门与国家之间的关系。经过20余年的技术创新与政策回应,电子治理的发展可以用5个具有内在关联的目标来描述:建立政策框架、提升公共服务、高质量低成本的政府运作、民主程序中的公民参与、行政和体制改革。本文对美国州政府和地方政府电子治理的总结评估表明:在提升公共服务和改善政府运作方面的投资力度最大,进步最明显;政策制定也已在多个方面取得进步,但新的政策议题不断使问题愈趋复杂;进展最小是在提升民主,以及探索电子治理对行政和体制改革的启示这两个方面。在可以预见的未来,以信息通讯技术为手段的电子治理将会继续发展,并为不断的研究与实践提供一个动态的环境。 | Sharon S.Dawes 郑磊 纪昌秀 | 2009 | 电子政务2009，，10： | 21 |
| 7 | 深谋远虑:前瞻行为研究的回顾与展望(英文)显示文摘前瞻行为是一个自我发起、未来导向以及试图改变现状的积极行为,能够为个人与组织带来正面的影响。本文旨于回顾前瞻行为的本质、前导因素、动机历程以及结果效应,也特别回顾笔者近期针对前瞻行为所进行的研究。首先,关于前瞻一词可以从不同的角度进行理解,包括个别差异观点、行为观点与历程观点。由于过去文献多从行为观点进行研究,本文的回顾亦以行为观点为主轴。其次,本文逐一回顾目前文献所提出的三个关于促进前瞻行为的动机历程:能力、缘由与情绪。再者,笔者讨论各种能够促发前瞻行为的前导因素,包括个人因素、环境因素,以及两者间的交互作用如何影响前瞻行为的展现。笔者也基于过去的研究发现,总结前瞻行为所能导致的结果,包括工作态度与绩效。最后,在近期研究的介绍中,笔者介绍了三个根据个别差异的观点所进行的研究。此研究路线旨在了解人格特质对前瞻行为的影响,并且勾勒情境所扮演的调节效应。全文最终总结前瞻行为的研究现状,以及提出未来可能探索的研究方向。 | 吴佳煇 Sharon K.Parker | 2013 | 心理科学进展2013，21，4： | 17 |
| 8 | IGF-1R as an anti-cancer target—trials and tribulations显示文摘Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has long been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis and growth, but only recently have the tools for targeting the IGF pathway become available. More than 10 IGF/IGF-1R inhibitors have entered clinical trials, and these belong to three main classes: (1) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R, (2) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R ligands (IGF-1 and IGF- 2), and (3) IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These IGF-1R-targeting agents share common effects on IGF-1R signaling but differ in mechanisms of action, spectrum of target inhibition, and pharmacological features. Clinical activity of IGF-1R inhibitors has been demonstrated with sustained responses in a small number of patients with select tumor types, such as Ewing sarcoma and thymoma. However, many large clinical trials involving patients with adult tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer, failed to show clinical benefit in the overall patient population. Possible reasons for failure include the complexity of the IGF-1R/insulin receptor system and parallel growth and survival pathways, as well as a lack of patient selection markers. While IGF-1R remains a valid target for selected tumor types, identification of predictive markers and rational combinations will be critical to success in future development. | Helen X. Chen Elad Sharon | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，5： | 16 |
| 9 | Hepatorenal syndrome显示文摘Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a 'functional' and reversible form of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. The distinctive hallmark feature of HRS is the intense renal vasoconstriction caused by interactions between systemic and portal hemodynamics. This results in activation of vasoconstrictors and suppression of vasodilators in the renal circulation. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, as well as current and emerging therapies of HRS are discussed in this review. | Sharon Turban Paul J Thuluvath Mohamed G Atta | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，30： | 14 |
| 10 | Immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials显示文摘Immunology-based therapy is rapidly developing into an effective treatment option for a surprising range of cancers. We have learned over the last decade that powerful immunologic effector cells may be blocked by inhibitory regulatory pathways controlled by specific molecules often called 'immune checkpoints.' These checkpoints serve to control or turn off the immune response when it is no longer needed to prevent tissue injury and autoimmunity. Cancer cells have learned or evolved to use these mechanisms to evade immune control and elimination. The development of a new therapeutic class of drugs that inhibit these inhibitory pathways has recently emerged as a potent strategy in oncology. Three sets of agents have emerged in clinical trials exploiting this strategy. These agents are antibodybased therapies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA4), programmed cell death 1(PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1). These inhibitors of immune inhibition have demonstrated extensive activity as single agents and in combinations. Clinical responses have been seen in melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and several other tumor types. Despite the autoimmune or inflammatory immune-mediated adverse effects which have been seen, the responses and overall survival benefits exhibited thus far warrant further clinical development. | Elad Sharon Howard Streicher Priscila Goncalves Helen X.Chen | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，9： | 14 |
| 11 | Role of farnesoid X receptor and bile acids in alcoholic liver disease显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is one of the major causes of liver morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to development of liver pathogenesis encompassing steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in extreme cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover,ALD may also associate with cholestasis. Emerging evidence now suggests that farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and bile acids also play important roles in ALD. In this review, we discuss the effects of alcohol consumption on FXR, bile acids and gut microbiome as well as their impacts on ALD. Moreover, we summarize the findings on FXR, Fox O3a(forkhead box-containing protein class O3a) and PPARα(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) in regulation of autophagy-related gene transcription program and liver injury in response to alcohol exposure. | Sharon Manley Wenxing Ding | 2015 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2015，5，2： | 12 |
| 12 | Characteristics of Inconel Powders for Powder-Bed Additive Manufacturing显示文摘本研究中使用不同的粉末表征技术对铬镍铁合金的原始粉末和回收粉末在粉末床增材制造(AM)上的流动特性、行为特征进行研究。结果发现,选择性激光熔化(SLM)工艺的粒径分布(PSD)范围通常在15~63μm之间。原始的铬镍铁合粉末的流量约为28 s·(50 g)–1,组装密度是60%。流变测试结果表明,原始粉末与回收粉末相比具有更好的流动性。讨论了两种粉末之间的相互关系。运用铬镍铁合金粉末已经成功打印出了螺旋桨。实验结果表明铬镍铁合金粉末适用于增材制造(AM),本研究为生产增材制造粉末提供参考。 | Quy Bau Nguyen Mui Ling Sharon Nai Zhiguang Zhu Chen-Nan Sun Jun wei Wei Zhou | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，5： | 11 |
| 13 | Genetic and epigenetic changes associated with cholangiocarcinoma:From DNA methylation to microRNAs显示文摘Cholangiocarcinomas are malignant epithelial liver tumors arising from the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. Little is known about the molecular development of this disease, and very few effective treatment options are available. Thus, prognosis is poor. Genetic and epigenetic changes play an integral role in the neoplastic transformation of human cells to their malignant counterparts. This review summarizes some of the more prevalent genetic alterations (by microRNA expression) and epigenetic changes (hypermethylation of specific gene promoters) that are thought to contribute to the carcinogenic process in cholangiocarcinoma. | Monique Stutes Steven Tran Sharon DeMorrow | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，48： | 11 |
| 14 | 系统综述与网状Meta分析的PRISMA扩展声明显示文摘PRISMA声明旨在提高系统综述和META分析报告的完整性,该声明已经广泛用于指导系统综述和META分析的报告和发表。原始的PRISMA声明是针对两种干预措施比较的传统的系统综述与META分析而制定的,然而,随着多种干预措施比较的系统综述的发展,实施和报告这一类系统综述面临较大挑战。此时,针对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明应运而生,旨在提高网状META分析系统综述的报告质量。PRISMA扩展声明是由专家们通过DELPHI调查、面对面讨论和共识大会而最终确立的。PRISMA扩展声明是在原始PRISMA声明的报告清单的基础上经过修改,最终确定了32个条目,每个条目均与网状META分析报告的内容直接相关。本文对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明进行了阐述,对报告清单各条目进行了举例说明,并详细说明了在原始PRISMA声明的基础上新增和修改各条目的理由。此外,PRISMA扩展声明强调了在网状META分析的实际操作中需要重点关注的信息。本文的目标读者包括网状META分析的作者与读者,以及期刊杂志的编辑与同行评审。 | 李志霞 杨俊 叶欣 周凌波 杨智荣 孙凤 詹思延 Brian Hutton Georgia Salanti Deborah M.Caldwell Anna Chaimani Christopher H.Schmid Chris Cameron John P.A.Ioannidis Sharon Straus Kristian Thorlund Jeroen P.Jansen Cynthia Mulrow Ferrán Catalá-López Peter C.Gozsche Kay Dickersin Isabelle Boutron Douglas G.Altman David Moher | 2016 | 中国循证心血管医学杂志2016，8，6： | 11 |
| 15 | New advances in molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in alcoholic liver diseases显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Significant progress has been made to understand key events and molecular players for the onset and progression of alcoholic liver disease from both experimental and clinical alcohol studies. No successful treatments are currently available for treating alcoholic liver disease; therefore, development of novel pathophysiological-targeted therapies is urgently needed. This review summarizes the recent progress on animal models used to study alcoholic liver disease and the detrimental factors that contribute to alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis including miRNAs, S-adenosylmethionine, Zinc deficiency, cytosolic lipin-1β, IRF3-mediated apoptosis, RIP3-mediated necrosis and hepcidin. In addition, we summarize emerging adaptive protective effects induced by alcohol to attenuate alcohol-induced liver pathogenesis including FoxO3, IL-22, autophagy and nuclear lipin-1α. | Jessica A Williams Sharon Manley Wen-Xing Ding | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 10 |
| 16 | FTO: linking m^6A demethylation to adipogenesis显示文摘 | Moshe Shay Ben-Haim Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz Gideon Rechavi | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，1： | 8 |
| 17 | 多元PCR在黑鲍(Haliotis rubra)微卫星遗传研究中的应用显示文摘根据D03等11个微卫星引物单位点PCR扩增时优化的扩增条件(退火温度、MgCl2等)和11个微卫星引物所带有的荧光颜色、等位基因大小变异范围及反应的灵敏度,可将11个微卫星引物分成A组(D03、G04、B04和H08)、B组(A09、H11、A08和G01)和C组(CmrHr1.24、CmrHr2.30和CmrHr2.23)进行多元PCR扩增,结果显示各组内位点之间的分离清晰,这表明多元PCR可以大大提高微卫星检测仪器的使用效率和提高实验效果,在微卫星研究中是一种快速便捷的方法。 | 黎中宝 Appleyard Sharon A Elliott Nicholas G | 2005 | 海洋与湖沼2005，36，4： | 8 |
| 18 | The future of computer-aided sperm analysis显示文摘电脑辅助的精子分析(房屋) 技术为分析精子运动特征或 kinematics 在 1980 年代末被开发并且在启用研究的这个领域是高度成功的。房屋也与大成功被使用了在许多动物种测量象精子集中和进步活动性的比例那样的精液特征,包括在驯养的动物生产实验室和繁殖毒物学的宽申请。然而,为人的临床的精液分析使用房屋的尝试大部分由于精子 clumping 和直到现在,预防了的重背景碎片引起的许多人的精液样品介绍的固有的困难取得了差的成功精确数字图象分析。作者考察二个现代房屋平台(Hamilton Thorne CASA-II 和 Microptic SCA6 ) 的改进能力并且与向使用这种技术估计精子的功能而非简单的描述的特征指导我们的焦点的特别参考考虑他们的现在和将来的应用程序。为为人的精液分析作为一个自动化半的系统验证房屋技术的特定的要求也被提供,与为在根据现代认证标准操作的临床的实验室的实现的柔韧的医药实验室测试期望的测量的精确性和无常的特别参考。 | Sharon T Mortimer Gerhard van der Horst David Mortimer | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 8 |
| 19 | 动机性访谈对性传播感染的家庭认知行为干预研究显示文摘目的针对妇女性传播感染的影响因素,从家庭层面探析动机性访谈的干预效果。方法采用动机性访谈中询问、告知和倾听等核心技术,以家庭为单元,对农村妇女及其配偶的相关生殖健康行为进行干预。结果干预后农村妇女及其配偶性传播感染相关行为的发生率与干预前相比,均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但男性的行为反馈率明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男性依从性较差。结论以社区家庭为基本单元,采用动机性访谈技术对农村夫妇进行认知行为干预,是改善性传播感染相关行为的有效措施;妇女性传播感染的预防与控制应充分考虑其配偶的参与和责任。 | 杨文方 李颖 李芬 王凤琴 Sharon Marcotte 李旭 | 2010 | 中国全科医学2010，13，28： | 8 |
| 20 | 羊鲍(Haliotis ovina)和耳鲍(H.asinina)MtDNA COⅠ和COⅡ基因片段序列的比较研究显示文摘采用基因测序的方法,对我国海南产的羊鲍和耳鲍两个自然种群的COⅠ和COⅡ基因片段进行了PCR扩增和测序。结果表明,羊鲍和耳鲍COⅠ基因片段的核苷酸序列均为193bp,4种碱基组成非常相似,且其A+T的含量也非常相似,分别为45.08%和45.60%。羊鲍和耳鲍COⅠ基因片段的核苷酸序列之间有29bp的差异,其中有8处发生碱基颠换,21处发生碱基转换,差异为15.03%,同源性为84.97%;羊鲍和耳鲍COⅡ基因片段的核苷酸序列均为157bp,羊鲍和耳鲍4种碱基组成差异较大,且其A+T的含量也不同,分别为59.24%和55.41%。羊鲍和耳鲍COⅡ基因片段的核苷酸序列之间有19bp的差异,其中3处发生碱基颠换,16处发生碱基转换,达到12.10%的差异,同源性为87.90%。分子变异分析表明羊鲍和耳鲍物种间的变异组成为0.50,变异百分数为100.00,羊鲍和耳鲍物种间的遗传分化显著(FST=1,P<0.001)。 | 黎中宝 Appleyard Sharon A. Elliott Nicholas G. | 2008 | 海洋与湖沼2008，39，2： | 8 |
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