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| 1 | Advanced energy materials for flexible batteries in energy storage:A review显示文摘Smart energy storage has revolutionized portable electronics and electrical vehicles.The current smart energy storage devices have penetrated into flexible electronic markets at an unprecedented rate.Flexible batteries are key power sources to enable vast flexible devices,which put forward additional requirements,such as bendable,twistable,stretchable,and ultrathin,to adapt mechanical deformation under the working conditions.This review summarizes the recent advances in construction and configuration of flexible batteries and discusses the general metrics to benchmark various flexible batteries with different materials and chemistries.Moreover,we present advanced prototype flexible batteries developed by some companies to afford general envision of the technological status.Lastly,the critical points are summarized in the development of flexible batteries and remaining challenges are also presented for the future design of flexible batteries in practical perspectives. | Long Kong Cheng Tang Hong‐Jie Peng Jia‐Qi Huang Qiang Zhang | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 16 |
| 2 | A fundamental comprehension and recent progress in advanced Pt‐based ORR nanocatalysts显示文摘Today,Pt/C catalysts are widely used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).The practical applications of PEMFCs still face many limitations in the preparation of advanced Pt‐based catalysts,including high cost,limited life‐time,and insufficient power density.A kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is primarily responsible for these issues.The development of advanced Pt‐based catalysts is crucial for solving these pro-blems when the large‐scale application of PEMFCs is to be realized.Herein,we demonstrate the design principle of advanced Pt‐based catalysts with an emphasis on theoretical understandings to practical applications.Generally,three main strategies(including strain effect,electronic effect,and ensemble effect)that governing the initial activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts are ela-borated in detail in this review.Recent advanced Pt‐based ORR catalysts are summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent ORR performance based on theoretical mechanisms.Then we focus on the preparation standards of membrane electrode assembles and testing protocols in practice.Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards to design strategies for improving ORR performance of Pt‐based catalysts in the future. | Yao Wang Dingsheng Wang Yadong Li | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 14 |
| 3 | Suppressing the liquid product crossover in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction显示文摘Coupling electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)R)with a renewable energy source to create high‐value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy in moving toward a sustainable global energy economy.CO_(2)R liquid products,such as formate,acetate,ethanol,and propanol,offer high volumetric energy density and are more easily stored and transported than their gaseous coun-terparts.However,a significant amount(~30%)of liquid products from electrochemical CO_(2)R in a flow cell reactor cross the ion exchange membrane,leading to the substantial loss of system‐level Faradaic efficiency.This severe crossover of the liquid product has—until now—received limited attention.Here,we review promising methods to suppress liquid product crossover,including the use of bipolar membranes,solid‐state electrolytes,and cation‐exchange membranes‐based acidic CO_(2)R systems.We then outline the re-maining challenges and future prospects for the production of concentrated liquid products from CO_(2). | Ning Wang Rui Kai Miao Geonhui Lee Alberto Vomiero David Sinton Alexander H.Ip Hongyan Liang Edward H.Sargent | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 13 |
| 4 | Host–guest materials with room temperature phosphorescence:Tunable emission color and thermal printing patterns显示文摘The research of purely organic materials with long afterglow has drawn more and more attention,especially for those with stimulus‐response characteristic.So far,this kind of material is really very scarce and their performance is not good enough.In this study,we successfully developed an efficient heatingresponsive room‐temperature phosphorescence material with phosphorescence efficiency and lifetime up to 13.4%and 2.08 s through the simple host–guest doping strategy.Further on,by introducing the additional energy acceptor of fluorescein with concentration‐dependent emission to construct ternary doping systems,the afterglow color was extended from blue to yellow.Accordingly,the multicolor thermal printings have been easily realized,showing the great practical application prospects. | Yunsheng Wang Jie Yang Yanxiang Gong Manman Fang Zhen Li Ben Zhong Tang | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 8 |
| 5 | Flexible conductive polymer composites for smart wearable strain sensors显示文摘Wearable strain sensors based on flexible conductive polymer composites(FCPCs)have attracted great attention due to their applications in the fields of human–machine interaction,disease diagnostics,human motion detection,and soft robotic skin.In recent decades,FCPC‐based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity,short response time,and excellent stability have been developed,which are expected to be more versatile and intelligent.Smart strain sensors are required to provide wearable comfort,such as breathability,selfcooling ability,and so forth.To adapt to the harsh environment,wearable strain sensors should also be highly adaptive to protect the skin and the sensor itself.In addition,portable power supply system,multisite sensing capability,and multifunctionality are crucial for the next generation of FCPC‐based strain sensor. | Kangkang Zhou Kun Dai Chuntai Liu Changyu Shen | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Smart catalytic materials for energy transition显示文摘Energy transition,and the related chemistry transition due to their strong nexus,is creating a major worldwide change in the current production system,driven initially by social and environmental pressures(cleaner production,reduced greenhouse gas emissions),but today instead is pushed by economic(renewable energy sources are becoming progressively the more economic energy form)and geopolitical(energy security)motivations.Oil and natural gases are the building blocks of the current refinery and(petro)chemistry,but going beyond fossil fuels is the challenge associated with this transition.This has also major implications on the technologies and processes actually in use,further pushed from another emerging direction associated with the progressive change from centralized to delocalized productions,for a better link with the territory and the local resources.The combined effect of these two emerging directions determines a radical change in the energy and chemical production systems,with major technological implications.Current process technologies in the area of chemical and fuel production cannot just be adapted,they need to be fully redesigned(also in terms of concepts,materials,engineering)to address the new challenges of using renewable energy sources in delocalized productions(small‐scale production at the regional level using local resources and in strong symbiosis to other local productions). | Gabriele Centi | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 7 |
| 7 | Vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays for crossbar memristors with tuning switching dynamics toward neuromorphic computing显示文摘Memristors proposed by Leon Chua provide a new type of memory device for novel neuromorphic computing applications.However,the approaching of distinct multi‐intermediate states for tunable switching dynamics,the con-trolling of conducting filaments(CFs)toward high device repeatability and reproducibility,and the ability for large‐scale preparation devices,remain full of challenges.Here,we show that vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays(VONAs)could make a way toward the challenges.The perfect one‐dimensional structure of the VONAs could confine the CFs accurately with fine‐tune resistance states in a broad range of 103 ratios.The availability of large‐area VONAs makes the fabrication of large‐area crossbar memristor arrays facilely,and the analog switching characteristic of the memristors is to effectively imitate different kinds of synaptic plasticity,indicating their great potential in future applications. | Fangxu Yang Lingjie Sun Qingxi Duan Huanli Dong Zhaokun Jing Yuchao Yang Rongjin Li Xiaotao Zhang Wenping Hu Leon Chua | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Supramolecular adhesive materials from small‐molecule self‐assembly显示文摘Developing high‐performance adhesive materials not only aims at industrial and social requirements but also bears the fundamental importance of understanding the chemical factors of biological adhesion to develop biomimetic adhesive materials.Owing to the wide development of supramolecular chemistry,numerous supramolecular tools are exploited and proved to be reliable in the replacement of traditional covalent materials by reversible noncovalent or dynamic covalent materials.Taking advantage of these readyto‐use supramolecular toolboxes,supramolecular adhesive materials are rising and promising toward“smart”adhesives,that is,enabling responsiveness,reversibility,and recyclability.Compared with polymeric adhesive materials,low‐molecular‐weight adhesives feature chemically precise structure,easier engineering by molecular design,and hence higher reproducibility.However,it remains highly challenging to make high‐performance adhesive materials by low‐molecular‐weight feedstocks.This review will focus on the recent advancement in the construction of supramolecular adhesive materials by smallmolecule self‐assembly.The design guidelines and consideration on the molecular scale will be discussed and summarized on how to enhance the strength of adhesives.Meanwhile,owing to the dynamic nature of supramolecular self‐assembly,several“smart”functions of such materials will be presented,such as stimuli–responsiveness and adaptiveness.Finally,current challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field will be proposed. | Chen‐Yu Shi Qi Zhang He Tian Da‐Hui Qu | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 5 |
| 9 | SmartMat:Smart materials to Smart world显示文摘Over the course of human history,the ability to produce more sophisticated materials has underpinned tool development and led to the industrial revolution.With the rapid rise of“smart materials,”defined as materials programmed to sense,transduce,and respond to external stimuli to achieve a specific task,human beings will launch the fourth industrial revolution.For example,cyber–human interactions and various smart wearable devices are becoming integrated into every aspect of human life.Neuromorphic computing,quantum communication,and the fifth‐generation wireless systems are ushering in a new era of the internet of things.Additionally,smart biomimetic robots even surpass the capabilities of natural organisms. | Wenping Hu Hua Zhang Khalid Salaita Henning Sirringhaus | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 5 |
| 10 | Engineering local coordination environments and site densities for high-performance Fe-N-C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis显示文摘Fe-N-C catalysts represent very promising cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells,owing to their outstanding activity for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),especially in alkaline media.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the design and synthesis of Fe-N-C catalysts rich in highly dispersed FeNx active sites.Special emphasis is placed on emerging strategies for tuning the electronic structure of the Fe atoms to enhance the ORR activity,and also maximizing the surface concentration of FeNx sites that are catalytically accessible during ORR.While great progress has been made over the past 5 years in the development of Fe-N-C catalyst for ORR,significant technical obstacles still need to be overcome to enable the large-scale application of Fe-N-C materials as cathode catalysts in real-world fuel cells. | Qing Wang Lu Shang Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Tierui Zhang Geoffrey Waterhouse | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Intrinsic polarization coupling in 2Dα‐In_(2)Se_(3)toward artificial synapse with multimode operations显示文摘Emulation of advanced synaptic functions of the human brain with electronic devices contributes an important step toward constructing high‐efficiency neuromorphic systems.Ferroelectric materials are promising candidates as synaptic weight elements in neural network hardware due to their controllable polarization states.However,the increased depolarization field at the na-noscale and the complex fabrication process of the traditional ferroelectric materials hamper the development of high‐density,low‐power,and highly sensitive synaptic devices.Here,we report the implementation of two‐dimensional(2D)ferroelectricα‐In_(2)Se_(3)as an active channel material to emulate typical synaptic functions.Theα‐In_(2)Se_(3)‐based synaptic device fea-tures multimode operations,enabled by the coupled ferroelectric polarization under various voltage pulses applied at both drain and gate terminals.Moreover,the energy consumption can be reduced to~1 pJ by using high‐κdielectric(Al2O3).The successful control of ferroelectric polarizations inα‐In_(2)Se_(3)and its application in artificial synapses are expected to inspire the implementation of 2D ferroelectric materials for future neuromorphic systems. | Jing Gao Yue Zheng Wei Yu Yanan Wang Tengyu Jin Xuan Pan Kian Ping Loh Wei Chen | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 4 |
| 12 | Organic photodetectors based on supramolecular nanostructures显示文摘Self‐assembly of semiconducting(macro)molecules enables the development of materials with tailored‐made properties which could be used as active components for optoelectronics applications.Supramolecular nanostructures combine the merits of soft matter and crystalline materials:They are flexible yet highly crystalline,and they can be processed with low‐cost solution methods.Photodetectors are devices capable to convert a light input into an electrical signal.To achieve high photoresponse,the photogenerated charge carriers should be transported efficiently through the self‐assembled nanostructures to reach the electrodes;this can be guaranteed via optimalπ–electron overlapping between adjacent conjugated molecules.Moreover,because of the high surface‐to‐bulk ratio,supramolecular nanostructures are prone to enhance exciton dissociation.These qualities make supramolecular nanostructures perfect platforms for photoelectric conversion.This review highlights the most enlightening recent strategies developed for the fabrication of high‐performance photodetectors based on supramolecular nanostructures.We introduce the key figure‐of‐merit parameters and working mechanisms of organic photodetectors based on single components and p–n heterojunctions.In particular,we describe new methods to devise unprecedented planar and vertical devices to ultimately realize highly integrated and flexible photodetectors.The incorporation of ordered mesoscopic supramolecular nanostructures into macroscopic optoelectronic devices will offer great promise for the next generation of multifunctional and multiresponsive devices. | Yifan Yao Yusheng Chen Hanlin Wang Paolo Samorì | 2020 | SmartMat2020，1，1： | 4 |
| 13 | Two-dimensional magnetic transition metal chalcogenides显示文摘The field of two-dimensional(2D)magnets has expanded rapidly during the past several years since the first demonstration of intrinsic 2D magnetism in atomically thin CrI_(3) and Cr_(2)Ge_(2)Te_(6) in 2017.2D transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs),a class of strongly correlated materials,have exhibited a wide variety of novel electronic and optical properties,and more recently magnetism.Here,we review recent experimental progress achieved in the growth of 2D magnetic TMC materials using chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy methods.Outstanding examples include the demonstration of room temperature intrinsic and extrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer VSe_(2),MnSe_(2),Cr_(3)Te_(4),V-doped WSe_(2),and so on.A brief discussion on the origin of the exotic magnetic properties and emergent phenomena is also presented.Finally,we summarize the remaining challenges and future perspective on the development of 2D magnetic materials for next-generation spintronic devices. | Yu Li Huang Wei Chen Andrew T.S.Wee | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，2： | 4 |
| 14 | Inhibiting carbonate formation using CO_(2)-CO-C2+tandems显示文摘As climate changes are increasingly challenging the sustainable development of human society,substantial efforts are expected to be added to limit the rise of global warming below 2°C by the middle of the 21st century.Currently,human activities emit 34 billion tons of CO_(2) per annum on average.1 Energy production and chemical industries are particularly emission‐intensive due to the manufacturing and use of fossil‐based chemicals.Therefore,manufacturing fuels and chemicals with netzero emission or,ideally,negative emission is paramount for achieving the long‐term goal of the Paris Agreement. | Ning Wang Kaili Yao Alberto Vomiero Yuhang Wang Hongyan Liang | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Surface and interface chemistry in metal‐free electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction显示文摘The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value‐added fuels and chemicals presents a sustainable route to alleviate CO_(2) emissions,promote carbon‐neutral cycles and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.Considering the thermodynamic stability of the CO_(2) molecule and sluggish reaction kinetics,it is still a challenge to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for the CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).It has been found that the surface and interface chemistry of electrocatalysts can modulate the electronic structure and increase the active sites,which is favorable for CO_(2) adsorption,electron transfer,mass transport,and optimizing adsorption strength of reaction intermediates.However,the effect of surface and interface chemistry on metal‐free electrocatalysts(MFEs)for CO_(2)RR has not been comprehensively reviewed.Herein,we discuss the importance of the surface and interface chemistry on MFEs for improving the electrochemical CO_(2)RR performance based on thermodynamic and kinetic views.The fundamentals and challenges of CO_(2)RR are firstly presented.Then,the recent advances of the surface and interface chemistry in improving reaction rate and overcoming reaction constraints are reviewed from regulating electronic structure,active sites,electron transfer,mass transport,and intermediate binding energy.Finally,the research challenges and prospects are proposed to suggest the future designs of advanced MFEs in CO_(2)RR. | Wei Zhang Baohua Jia Xue Liu Tianyi Ma | 2022 | SmartMat2022，3，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Low‐dimensional material supported single‐atom catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction显示文摘Converting CO_(2) emissions to valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels under mild conditions provides a sustainable way to maintain carbon balance and alleviate the energy shortage.Low‐dimensional material(LDM)supported single‐atom catalysts(SACs)have been attracted significant attention for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECR)in recent years.This is mainly because integrating the single‐atoms and LDMs can inherit the advantages of themselves and the synergy effects between them are potential to enhance the ECR performance.In this review,we summarized the strategies for synthesizing LDM supported SACs for ECR,and different LDM supported SACs for ECR have been briefly introduced.Moreover,some optimization strategies for LDM supported SACs towards CO_(2) electroreduction are highlighted.At the end of this review,the perspectives and challenges of LDM supported SACs for ECR are provided. | Bingqing Wang Shenghua Chen Zedong Zhang Dingsheng Wang | 2022 | SmartMat2022，3，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Facile preparation of antibacterial MOF‐fabric systems for functional protective wearables显示文摘Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)have shown numerous potentials as promising materials to address real‐world problems.However,their practical utilization in commercial products was largely limited by the lack of downstream processing methodologies to transform MOF powders into functional products.In this study,a commercially viable solution for the general synthesis of MOF‐fabric composites was introduced.On account of coordination bonding between poly(acrylic acid)and MOF substrates,MOF powders securely adhered onto the surface of fabric materials via a drip cast method to give MOF‐fabric composites easily.This strategy can be applied to different MOF types,as well as a wide variety of fabric materials.The prepared materials showed excellent bacterial killing efficacy attributed to the embedded HKUST‐1 MOF.In light of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,this methodology could enable the large‐scale fabrication of essential MOF‐based personal protective wearables(e.g.,clothing and masks)for use by healthcare professionals. | Wei Liang Teo Jiawei Liu Weiqiang Zhou Yanli Zhao | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Chemically tailored molecular surface modifiers for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics显示文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted intense attention based on their high power conversion efficiency and low production cost.However,due to the polycrystalline nature and the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the metal halide perovskite moieties,the photovoltaic performance of PSCs is largely limited by defects within the polycrystalline perovskites and the sensitivity to moisture.In this perspective,we focus on the chemically tailored interface materials to passivate the defects and improve the moisture stability of PSCs.First,we provide a brief overview of various molecular interface modifiers.Thereafter we provide examples from our recent work on organic ammonium halide‐based passivation materials as representatives to illustrate the design strategies and the modification effects.In the end,we shed light on the future devel-opment of organic ammonium halides for applications in PSCs. | Yuhang Liu Bitao Dong Anders Hagfeldt Jingshan Luo Michael Graetzel | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to C_(2)H_(4)显示文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) transformation to high‐value ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))at high currents and efficiencies is desired and yet remains a grand challenge.We show for the first time that coupling single Sb atoms and oxygen vacancies of CuO enable synergistic electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) to C_(2)H_(4) at low overpotentials.Highly dispersed Sb atoms occupying metal substitutional sites of CuO are synthesized under mild conditions.The overall CO_(2) reduction faradaic efficiency(FE)reaches 89.3±1.1%with an FE toward C_(2)H_(4) exceeding 58.4%at a high‐current density of 500 mA/cm^(2).Addition of the p‐block metal is found to induce transformation of CuO from flakes to nanoribbons rich in nanoholes and oxygen vacancies,greatly enhancing CO_(2) adsorption and activation while suppressing hydrogen evolution.Further density functional theory calculations with in situ X‐ray diffraction reveal that combining Sb sites and oxygen vacancies prominently lessen the dimerization energy of adsorbed CO intermediate,thus boosting the conversion of CO_(2) to produce C_(2)H_(4).This study provides a new perspective for promoting selective C-C coupling for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction. | Senlin Chu Changwoo Kang Woonghyeon Park Yu Han Song Hong Leiduan Hao Hao Zhang Tsz Woon Benedict Lo Alex W.Robertson Yousung Jung Buxing Han Zhenyu Sun | 2022 | SmartMat2022，3，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Application of intrinsically conducting polymers in flexible electronics显示文摘Intrinsically conducting polymers(ICPs),such as polyacetylene,polyaniline,polypyrrole,polythiophene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT),can have important application in flexible electronics owing to their unique merits including high conductivity,high mechanical flexibility,low cost,and good biocompatibility.The requirements for their application in flexible electronics include high conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties.The conductivity of some ICPs can be enhanced through a postpolymerization treatment,the so-called“secondary doping.”A conducting polymer film with high conductivity can be used as flexible electrode and even as flexible transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices.The application of ICPs as stretchable electrode requires high mechanical stretchability.The mechanical stretchability of ICPs can be improved through blending with a soft polymer or plasticization.Because of their good biocompatibility,ICPs can be modified as dry electrode for biopotential monitoring and neural interface.In addition,ICPs can be used as the active material of strain sensors for healthcare monitoring,and they can be adopted to monitor food processing,such as the fermentation,steaming,storage,and refreshing of starch-based food because of the resistance variation caused by the food volume change.All these applications of ICPs are covered in this review article. | Jianyong Ouyang | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，3： | 3 |
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