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| 1 | 教学与学习的有效策略(上)显示文摘近些年有不少批评是针对美国公共教育的。例如1983年《纽约时报》刊文指出:全美教育进步评定委员会1981年披露的阅读测验结果表明,初高中学生的阅读推理能力均在下降。1979年全美数学测验评定的结果早已表明,在70年代学生的解题能力已开始滑坡。学生能力下降的原因无疑是多方面的、复杂的。有些人把大部分责任归咎于学校,另一些人则归咎于学生缺乏动机。本文无意于解决谁负责这种争论问题。 | E.D.加涅 博森 邵瑞珍 | 1991 | 外国教育资料1991,,5: | 12 |
| 2 | 雌二醇和催产素对乏情期绵羊子宫肌电活动性的影响显示文摘用微电极技术研究了4只乏情期绵羊自发性和激素诱导性子宫肌电图(EMG),并同时测定了血浆17β-雌二醇(E_2β)和孕酮(P_4)的水平。自发性子宫肌电图呈节率性静、动复合波丛的基础图型,平均峰电位频率为682次/小时,幅度190μV,子宫运动比率(MR)7.3%。催产素(OXT)可激发频率达1725次/小时,维持1小时,使基础波丛变为活动性单一波丛,MR=8.4%(P<0.05)。苯甲酸雌二醇(E_2)则对基础波丛呈抑制/兴奋双向作用,即先抑制约7小时后,再使幅度(925μV)和频率(2500次/小时)都增加长达3日之久的兴奋作用,MR=64.7%(P<0.01)。应用E_2后10小时血浆E_2β水平达22.50pg/ml,明显高于基础水平(10.50pg/ml)(P<0.01),而P_4基础水平均为0.3625ng/ml,其它各阶段E_2β、P_4浓度变化都不明显。在E_2兴奋阶段OXT可使其频率于数秒内即测得持续约45分钟的进一步高度触发(6000次/小时),EMG呈极强活性(MR=150%),与单独使用OXT和E_2相比差异极显著。结论:E_2和OXT在临床上配合应用能较强兴奋子宫。 | 李跃民 Fielden E.D. Carr D.H. | 1993 | 畜牧兽医学报1993,24,6: | 6 |
| 3 | 教学与学习的有效策略(下)显示文摘二学习策略曾几何时,大家认为有些学生就是学得慢,另一些学生就是学得快;要想改变学习速度是无能为力的。然而现在,心理学家和教育研究者逐渐理解学习之所以有快慢的一些加工方式,我们至少可指望将其中的有些加工方式教给学生。如果人们假设学习是一门知识,如同物理学、医学和苏联政治学各是一门知识一样,那么同后面几门知识领域所了解的情况作类比的话,有技能的学习者理应比无技能的学习者对学习过程具有更多更有组织的知识。许多关于反审认知意识的研究支持上述假设,这些研究表明。 | E.D.加涅 博森 邵瑞珍 | 1991 | 外国教育资料1991,,6: | 4 |
| 4 | 非损伤脉冲染料激光在光子嫩肤术中和治疗炎性寻常痤疮中作用机制的调查显示文摘Background: Nonablative lasers are widely used for treatment of wrinkles, atrophic scars and acne. These lasers stimulate dermal remodelling and collagen production, but the early molecular stimulus for this is unknown. The mechanism of nonablative lasers in inflammatory acne is variously suggested to be damage either to sebaceous glands or to Propionibacterium acnes. Their effects on cytokine production are unknown. Objectives: To assess the in vivo effects of a short pulse duration nonablative pulsed-dye laser (NA-PDL) previously used for photorejuvenation and treatment of acne, on cytokine production, P. acnes colonization density and sebum excretion rate (SER). Methods: We examined the effect of NA-PDL (NliteV; Chromogenex Light Technologies, Llanelli, U.K.)-on P. acnes colonization before and after laser therapy using a scrub-wash technique and culture at 0 and 24 h (n = 15), on SER using absorptive tape at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks (n = 19)-and on cytokine mRNA using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from skin biopsies at 0, 3 and 24 h (n = 8). Results: NA-PDL had no effect on P. acnes or SER. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA increased fivefold after 24 h and 15-fold in two subjects (P = 0.012). Conclusions: TGF-βis known to be a potent stimulus for neocollagenesis and a pivotal immunosuppressive cytokine which promotes inflammation resolution. Its upregulation by NA-PDL provides a possible unifying molecular mechanism linking stimulation of dermal remodelling in photorejuvenation with inhibition of inflammation in acne. Damage to P. acnes or sebaceous glands cannot explain the effect of this device in acne. | Seaton E.D. Mouser P.E. Charakida A. 周少娜 | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(皮肤病学分册)2006,,12: | 2 |
| 5 | Influence of rolling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets显示文摘 | C. Xu M.Y. Zheng K. Wu E.D. Wang G.H. Fan S.W. Xu S. Kamado X.D. Liu G.J. Wang X.Y. Lv | 2013 | Materials Science & Engineering A2013,,: | 2 |
| 6 | Soil organic matter and texture affect responses to dry/wet cycles: Effects on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions显示文摘 | T. Harrison-Kirk M.H. Beare E.D. Meenken L.M. Condron | 2013 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2013,,: | 2 |
| 7 | On implementing a primal-dual interior-point method for conic quadratic optimization显示文摘 | E.D. Andersen C. Roos T. Terlaky | 2003 | Mathematical Programming2003,,2: | 2 |
| 8 | 风力-水力联合电站日运行的优化显示文摘建议应用水库蓄水提高风力电站的经济效益,减少由风力资源间断性引起的有功功率输出波动。如果可得到风电预报,推荐采用以小时离散的优化算法,以确定风轮机和水力发电抽水设备所采用的日优化运行策略。该方法利用了风电的随机特性,以确定所推荐的运行条件的包络线。分析了3种运行条件,介绍了所获得的成果,并进行了讨论。 | E.D.卡斯特罗诺沃 马元珽(译) 刘渝(校) | 2005 | 水利水电快报2005,26,20: | 2 |
| 9 | Phage for Rapid Detection and Control of Bacterial Pathogens in Food显示文摘 | Catherine E.D. Rees Christine E.R. Dodd | 2006 | Advances in Applied Microbiology2006,,: | 2 |
| 10 | Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-strength Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets processed by severe hot rolling显示文摘 | C. Xu S.W. Xu M.Y. Zheng K. Wu E.D. Wang S. Kamado G.J. Wang X.Y. Lv | 2012 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2012,,: | 2 |
| 11 | Stab resistance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated fabrics显示文摘 | M.J. Decker C.J. Halbach C.H. Nam N.J. Wagner E.D. Wetzel | 2006 | Composites Science and Technology2006,,3: | 1 |
| 12 | 科学的本质显示文摘本文将要讨论的主要论题有:科学的目的;科学的标准,或日用以区分什么是科学的和什么是非科学的之标准;“什么是科学”。不过,让我们先从科学分类入手。一、某些分类在我们转向上述论题之前,考虑一下各种科学的分类的方法也许不无裨益。其中,以下这些值得注意: (1)纯科学与应用科学。人们广泛地认为,我们必须把作为一个知识领域(或认识性学科的集合)的科学与科学的应用区分开。通常,人们把它们分别称之为纯科学和应用科学。 | E.D.克雷克 晓地 | 1982 | 世界哲学1982,,6: | 1 |
| 13 | Ultra high-strength Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets processed by large-strain hot rolling and ageing显示文摘 | C. Xu M.Y. Zheng S.W. Xu K. Wu E.D. Wang S. Kamado G.J. Wang X.Y. Lv | 2012 | Materials Science & Engineering A2012,,: | 1 |
| 14 | Reliability of diabetic patients’ gait parameters in a challenging environment显示文摘 | L. Allet S. Armand R.A. de Bie A. Golay D. Monnin K. Aminian E.D. de Bruin | 2008 | Gait & Posture2008,,4: | 1 |
| 15 | Isothermal grain coarsening of spray formed alloys in the semi-solid state显示文摘 | E.D. Manson-Whitton I.C. Stone J.R. Jones P.S. Grant B. Cantor | 2002 | Acta Materialia2002,,10: | 1 |
| 16 | Functional genomics in the post-genome era显示文摘 | R.P. Woychik M.L. Klebig M.J. Justice T.R. Magnuson E.D. Avrer | 1998 | Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis1998,,1: | 1 |
| 17 | Histopathologic Diagnosis of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: II. Pathology Working Group Report显示文摘 | Howard M. Shulman David Kleiner Stephanie J. Lee Thomas Morton Steven Z. Pavletic Evan Farmer J. Margaret Moresi Joel Greenson Anne Janin Paul J. Martin George McDonald Mary E.D. Flowers Maria Turner Jane Atkinson Jay Lefkowitch M. Kay Washington Victor G | 2006 | Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation2006,,1: | 1 |
| 18 | Patterns of Cerebral Atrophy in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Using Voxel-Based Morphometry显示文摘 | E.J. Burton G. Karas S.M. Paling R. Barber E.D. Williams C.G. Ballard I.G. McKeith P. Scheltens F. Barkhof J.T. O’Brien | 2002 | Neuroimage2002,,: | 1 |
| 19 | Suicidal ideation and attempts among rural Chinese aged 16–34years — Socio-demographic correlates in the context of a transforming China显示文摘 | J. Dai H.F.K. Chiu K.R. Conner S.S.M. Chan Z.J. Hou X. Yu E.D. Caine | 2010 | Journal of Affective Disorders2010,,: | 1 |
| 20 | Age-related changes in Arc transcription and DNA methylation within the hippocampus显示文摘 | M.R. Penner T.L. Roth M.K. Chawla L.T. Hoang E.D. Roth F.D. Lubin J.D. Sweatt P.F. Worley C.A. Barnes | 2010 | Neurobiology of Aging2010,,12: | 1 |