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| 1 | The characteristics of CO_2 assimilation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in transgenic PEPC rice显示文摘With PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME and PEPC+ PPDK transgenic and untransformed rice (Orysa sativa L.), the activities of related C4 photosynthesis enzymes, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO2 exchange and other physiological indexes were compared, in which the physiological characteristics of PEPC transgenic rice were mainly studied. The results were as follows: (i) The activities of PEPC in PEPC transgenic rice were 20-fold higher than those in untransformed rice; the light-saturation photosynthetic rates and the carboxylation efficiency of PEPC transgenic rice were increased by 55% and 50% more than those of untransformed rice, respectively, while the CO2 compensation point decreased by 27%. (ii) The PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching (qp) of transgenic PEPC rice decreased less in comparison with those of untransformed rice after the treatment with high light intensity (3 h) or methyl viologen (MV), a photooxidative reagent, which demonstrated that the tolerance of PEPC | JIAO Demao, LI Xia, HUANG Xueqing, CHI Wei, KUANG Tingyun & Ku SB Maurice1. Institute of Agrobiological Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nangjing 210014, China 2. Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，13： | 29 |
| 2 | 公共自行车文献综述显示文摘对公共自行车系统进行总体概述,并针对相关文献进行批判性检验。基于以往同行评议文献及灰色文献,对与公共自行车系统影响相关的认知缺陷进行分析。当前亟须针对全球公共自行车研究进行评估,该综述旨在更好地了解及加强当前和未来公共自行车系统的实施效率。越来越多的研究聚焦于公共自行车系统,主要议题集中在以下方面。首先,公共自行车使用者认为方便性和低支出是注册并使用该系统的重要原因。其次,与固有观念相反,公共自行车系统用户比非用户更倾向于拥有和使用私人自行车。第三,当法律强制要求佩戴头盔时,公共自行车使用者比私人自行车使用者更不愿佩戴头盔。最后,从更重要的可持续交通角度而言,大量公共自行车系统使用者选择该方式取代可持续交通方式而非小汽车出行方式。 | Elliot Fishman Simon Washington Narelle Haworth 张晓为(译) | 2014 | 城市交通2014，12，2： | 26 |
| 3 | Damage and progressive failure of concrete structures using non-local peridynamic modeling显示文摘Peridynamics (PD), a recently developed theory of solid mechanics, which employs a non-local model of force interaction and makes use of integral formulation rather than the spatial partial differential equations used in the classical continuum mechanics theory, has shown effectiveness and promise in solving discontinuous problems at both macro and micro scales. In this paper, the peridynamics theory is used to analyze damage and progressive failure of concrete structures. A non-local peridynamic model for a rectangular concrete plate is developed, and a central pairwise force function is introduced to describe the interior interactions between particles within some definite distance. Damage initiation, evolution and crack propagation in the concrete model subject to in-plane uni-axial tension, in-plane uni-axial compression and out-of-plane impact load are investigated respectively. The numerical results show that discontinuities appear and grow spontaneously as part of the solution to the peridynamic equations of motion, and no special failure criteria or re-meshing techniques are required, which proves the potential of peridynamic modeling as a promising technique for analyzing the progressive failure of concrete materials and structures. | HUANG Dan1,2, ZHANG Qing1,2 & QIAO PiZhong1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，3： | 24 |
| 4 | Involutions Fixing the Disjoint Union of Copies of Even Projective Space | Hou Duo Bruce Torrence Hou Duo Department of Mathematics Hebei Teachers University Shijiazhuang,050016 ChinaBruce Torrence Department of Mathematics Georgetown University Washington,D.C.20057 U.S.A. | 1996 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series1996，12，2： | 17 |
| 5 | Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study显示文摘 | Patrick Marcellin Edward Gane Maria Buti Nezam Afdhal William Sievert Ira M Jacobson Mary Kay Washington George Germanidis John F Flaherty Raul Aguilar Schall Jeffrey D Bornstein Kathryn M Kitrinos G Mani Subramanian John G McHutchison E Jenny Heathcote | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，： | 14 |
| 6 | Diagnostic utility of IgG and IgM immunohistochemistry in autoimmune liver disease显示文摘AIM:To assess the role of IgM and IgG immunohistochemistry(IHC) in the evaluation of autoimmune liver conditions-autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:Forty one biopsies from untreated patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver disease(AIH,n = 20;PBC,n = 13;PSC,n = 8) and fourteen biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected.IgM and IgG-positive plasma cells were counted in each sample.RESULTS:A predominance of IgG-positive plasma cells was seen in AIH(90% of cases),PSC(75% of cases),and chronic hepatitis C(100% of cases),while IgMpositive plasma cells predominated in PBC(92.8% ofcases).The IgM /IgG ratio(< 1 or ≥ 1) accurately distinguished PBC from AIH in 90.9% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 90%),and PBC from either AIH or PSC in 87.8% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 85.7%).CONCLUSION:Plasmacytic infiltrates expressing predominantly IgM are characteristic of PBC,while other forms of liver disease analyzed in this study,including AIH,typically show an IgG-predominant plasma cell infiltrate.Our data indicate that IgM and IgG IHC may be a useful tool when PBC is a diagnostic consideration. | Roger Klein Moreira Frank Revetta Elizabeth Koehler Mary Kay Washington | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，4： | 11 |
| 7 | Climate Changes in the 21st Century over the Asia-Pacific Region Simulated by the NCAR CSM and PCM显示文摘The Climate System Model (CSM) and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), two coupled global climate models without flux adjustments recently developed at NCAR, were used to simulate the 20th century climate using historical greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol forcing. These simulations were extended through the 21st century under two newly developed scenarios, a business-as-usual case (BAU, CO2≈710 ppmv in 2100) and a CO2 stabilization case (STA550, CO2≈540 ppmv in 2100). The simulated changes in temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture over the Asia-Pacific region (10°-60°N, 55°-155°) are analyzed, with a focus on the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall and climate changes over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Under the BAU scenario, both the models produce surface warming of about 3-5℃ in winter and 2-3℃ in summer over most Asia. Under the STA550 scenario, the warming is reduced by 0.5-1.0℃ in winter and by 0.5℃ in summer. The warming is fairly uniform at the low latitudes and does not induce significant changes in the zonal mean Hadley circulation over the Asia-Pacific do- main While the regional precipitation changes from single CSM integrations are noisy, the PCM ensemble mean precipitation shows 10%-30% increases north of ~ 30°N and~10% decreases south of ~ 30°N over the Asia-Pacific region in winter and 10%-20% increases in summer precipitation over most of the region. Soil moisture changes are small over most Asia The CSM single simulation suggests a 30% increase in river runoff into the Three Gorges Dam, but the PCM ensemble simulations show small changes in the | Aiguo Dai, G.A. Meehl, W.M. Washington, and T.M.L. Wigley National Center for Atmospheric Research P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 ) Email: adai@ ucar. edu The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the U S National Science Foundation. | 2001 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2001，18，5： | 9 |
| 8 | Static Theory for Planar Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets | Feng Bo HANG Fang Hua LIN Courant Institute, 251 Mercer Street. New York. NY 10012, USA Dept. of Math, Princeton University, Fine Hall. Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. | 2001 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2001，17，4： | 8 |
| 9 | 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Stomach显示文摘 | Kay Washington | 2010 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2010，，12： | 7 |
| 10 | 重塑世界经济地理(2009年世界发展报告概述)显示文摘世界银行的年度出版物——《世界发展报告》,自1978年起开始发表,今年是第31期。《2009年世界发展报告:重塑世界经济地理》由世界银行发展经济局和可持续发展网络共同发起,报告由英德米特·吉尔(Indermit Gill)领导的工作组执笔编写,布鲁斯·罗思-拉森(Bruce Ross-Larson)担任主编。罗伯特·佐立克(Robert Zoellick)行长为报告作序。该报告的英文版于2008年11月由世界银行出版,中文版由清华大学出版社于2009年2月正式出版。本文由清华大学建筑学院毛其智教授摘编自该报告中文文件中'概述'一节。 | The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank,1818 H Street, NW,Washington,D.G.20433,USA. | 2009 | 城市与区域规划研究2009，2，3： | 6 |
| 11 | Immunization of mice with cells from juvenile worms of Schistosoma japonicum provides immunoprotection against schistosomiasis显示文摘To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model and to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two independent repeated vaccination trials were performed. After three subcutaneous vaccina- tions, in trial one, in the absence of adjuvant, primary juvenile worm cells (pJCs) from S. japonicum induced remarkable average reductions in worm burden (54.3%), liver eggs per gram (LEPG) load (59.8%) as well as egg granulomas size (66.5%) compared to PBS control group (P<0.01), which were significantly higher than those elicited by fractions of juvenile worm cells (JCFs) or fractions of juvenile worms (JWFs) (P<0.05). Non-cell components of worms (WNCs) showed no significant protection. In trial two, compared to PBS control group, significant protective effect was also observed for cultured juvenile worm cells (cJCs) from S. japonicum with 58.4% worm reduction and 68.1% LEPG reduction (P<0.01). However, cultured adult worms cells (cACs) showed significantly higher worm burden (P<0.05) and egg burden (P<0.01) when compared to cJCs. Immunological analysis of trial two revealed that cJCs engendered a Th1-biased mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response while cACs elicited a Th2-type response. Our data indicated that immunization with both primary and cultured cells from S. japonicum juvenile worms provided high immunoprotection, for which the physical character of immunogens, stage-specific parasite and the type of immune response induced might be responsible, suggesting that vaccination with whole cells from S. japonicum larvae is a promising approach to produce protec- tive immunity against schistosomiasis. | ZENG TieBing1,2, CAI LiTing1, ZENG QingRen1, YANG ShengHui1, YU Rong1, LI YanQin1, FANG HuiLong1, LI BenWen3 & ZHANG ShunKe1 1 Cell & Molecular Biological Experiment Center and Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South Uni- versity, Changsha 410013, China 2 Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nanhua University, Hengyang 420001, China 3 Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington 63110, USA | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，6： | 6 |
| 12 | 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Stomach显示文摘 | Kay Washington MD PhD | 2010 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2010，，12： | 6 |
| 13 | Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems显示文摘As natural tracers, stable isotopes have been extensively used in plant physiological, ecological and envi- ronmental research. Recently, animal physiological ecologists have also applied stable isotope techniques to study plant- animal relationships. The isotopic compositions of animal body generally reflect and integrate their diets over a time period ranging from hours to years to the lifetime of an indi- vidual. When animal living habitat changes or animals move to a new environment, the animal isotopic compositions will shift accordingly. Thus, stable isotope signatures of an ani- mal can truly reflect its food sources, habitat, distribution and movement patterns during a given time period. More- over, by analyzing animal-tissue isotopic compositions at different temporal scales, we can improve our understanding of animal adaptation to environmental changes. Stable iso- tope technique also provides an ideal tool to study animal foodweb relationship and community structure because of isotopic fractionation during the processes of nutrient as- similation by animals. Stable isotope technique can continu- ously measure animal trophic position in a foodweb, which can eventually reveal the predator-prey relationship and its role in determining matter balance and energy flow in the entire ecosystem. Stable isotope technique has been one of the most important and efficient tools in studying plant-animal relationship. In this paper, we first review recent advances in the application of stable isotope techniques to plant-animal relationship research then evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss some future directions associated with stable isotope applications to plant-animal relationship research. | WANG Jianzhu1,LIN Guanghui1,2,HUANG Jianhui1 & HAN Xingguo1 1.Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Sciences and Research Center for Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2.Department of Global Ecology,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Stanford,CA 94305,USA | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，22： | 6 |
| 14 | Consumer acceptability and sensory profiling of sesame oils obtained from different processes显示文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of oil processing technologies on the sensory qualities of sesame oils and to identify drivers of liking.Using a check-all-that-apply(CATA)question and a hedonic scale,150 consumers evaluated the acceptability and sensory characteristics of 5 sesame oil samples including an aqueous extracted oil(S1),a cold-pressed oil(S2),two batches of screw-pressed oils(S3 and S5)and one crude sesame oil(S4).Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-O-MS)was used to identify odour-active compounds.The results showed that roasting,extraction techniques and filtration process influenced sensory perception and the acceptability of sesame oils.Consumers liked roasted sesame oils more than the cold-pressed sesame oil and liked the aqueous extracted sesame oil the most.Sensory attributes'sweet smell','mellow','roasted','nutty','persistent','high-intense flavour'and'cooked sesame seed flavour'were drivers of liking,while'green','raw sesame seed','rancid','woody'and'fishy'were drivers of disliking.'Burnt'flavour was liked by some while disliked by others.Pyrazines contributed to roasted flavour;2-acetylpyrrole,acetophenone and furfural contributed to nutty flavour;2-pentyl-furan,5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde,and 2-phenyl-2-butenal contributed to sweet odour in the roasted sesame seeds.Nonanal,hexanal,1-hexanol and ocimene were responsible for the'green'flavour perceived in the cold-pressed oil.This study provides valuable information for sesame manufacturers on how to improve the sensory qualities of sesame oils through process manipulation to meet the needs of diverse consumers. | Wenting Yin Maradza Washington Xueting Ma Xi Yang Aliu Lu Rui Shi Renyong Zhao Xuede Wang | 2020 | Grain & Oil Science and Technology2020，3，2： | 5 |
| 15 | STEP-POOL MORPHOLOGY IN HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS显示文摘The focus of this study is to examine bed stability and morphology in high-gradient gravel-bed streams, and thus to improve understanding of the various parameters governing the sediment flow characteristics in mountain streams. Ultimately, this knowledge can be used to design pseudo-natural channels, as in the stream simulation method of culvert design; with this in mind, prototype conditions are evaluated in a flume with slopes ranging from 3% to 7%, and particle relative submergence varying from 0.5 to 2.5 for three bed size distributions. These experiments are designed to satisfy the conditions of dynamic similarity for flow and sediment, and they are preferred over field measurements since they allow a high degree of control over testing conditions. It is found that step-pool bedforms are the most ubiquitous features along the gravel bed. A new formula is developed that correlates step height with the gravel-bed size distribution, relative submergence of the particles, and the Froude number. The step spacing is found to be related to step height and streambed longitudinal slope. Flow resistance is also examined, and a formula is developed which accounts for the resistance due to the bedforms (form resistance), as well as the individual sediment particles (grain resistance). | A.R. MAXWELL and A.N. PAPANICOLAOU Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，3： | 5 |
| 16 | WINTER RUNOFF AND EROSION ON NORTHWESTERN USA CROPLAND显示文摘Crop management is an important factor in preventing winter runoff and erosion on non-irrigatedcropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region of the U.S. Much of the total annual runoff andsoil loss from agricultural land in the region occurs as a result of rain and snowmelt on frozen and thawingsoil. Quantifying these effects is important for hydrologic model development and calibration, and fordesigning and selecting crop managements to prevent erosion. An experimental setup with several runoffplots under a number of crop management systems was installed at the Palouse Conservation Field Stationin the fall of 1978. Data were collected from natural events on the replicated plots for l3 years. Frost,thaw, and snow depths were measured on the plots regularly. Runoff and sediment samples were obtainedfrom collection tanks on a daily or event basis. Data were analyzed and events were separaed into frozensoil, thawing soil, and non-frozen soil. Crop management had a substantial effect on infiltration and runoff,but an even more significant impact on soil erosion. | D.K. McCool(Agricultural Engineer, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA)C.D. Pannkuk(Soil Scientist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID)K.E. Saxton(Hydrologist, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，2： | 5 |
| 17 | ERODIBILITY CRITERION FOR AUXILIARY SPILLWAYS OF DAMS显示文摘The ability to reliably design auxiliary spillways has become a pressing requirement because of the very large number of dams involved. An empirical classification index representing the erosional resistance of the overall range of particulate, jointed, and intact earth materials is presented and correlated for a number of practical cases from Arkansas and Kansas in the United States of America and from South Africa with the specific stream power of flows observed to be associated with various degrees of erosion. The United States Department of Agriculture data base and the format in which the dare were prepared for the purposes herein, are deseribed in detail. The modes of erosion that occur in spillways are defined.Guidelines are provided for evaluating the failure status of an erosion damaged spillway that enables determination of whether the incident specific stream power exceeded, equalled, or fell below the erosional resistance of various sections of the ground profile affected. The correlation function between specific stream power and erodibility index provides the required design criterion. | Hendrik A. D. Kirsten (Steffen, Robertson, and Kirsten, Ine., Box 55291 Northlands 2116, S. Africa)John S. Moore(Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, Box 2890, Washington, DC 20013)Louis H. Kirsten(Civil & Structural Engineering Dept., Iscor Mini | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，1： | 4 |
| 18 | Identification of pathologic features associated with “ulcerative colitis-like” Crohn's disease显示文摘AIM: To identify pathologic features associated with this 'ulcerative colitis(UC)-like' subgroup of Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS: Seventeen subjects diagnosed as having UC who underwent proctocolectomy(RPC) from 2003-2007 and subsequently developed CD of the ileal pouch were identified. UC was diagnosed based on preoperative clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic studies. Eighteen patients who underwent RPC for UC within the same time period without subsequently developing CD were randomly selected and used as controls. Pathology reports and histological slides were reviewed for a wide range of gross and microscopic pathological features, as well as extent of disease. The demographics, gross description and histopathology of the resection specimens were reviewed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients with 'UC-like' CD were on average 13 years younger than those with 'true' UC(P < 0.01). More severe disease in the proximal involved region and active ileitis with/without architectural distortion were observed in 6 of 17(35%) and 7 of 17(41%) 'UC-like' CD cases, respectively, but in none of the 'true' UC cases(P < 0.05). Active appendicitis occurred in 8 of 16(50%) 'UC-like' CD cases but in only two(11%) 'true' UC cases(P < 0.05). Conspicuous lamina propria neutrophils were more specific for 'UClike' CD(76% vs 22%, P < 0.05). In addition, prominent lymphoid aggregates tended to be more common in 'UC-like' CD(P = 0.07). The 'true' UC group contained a greater number of cases with severe activity(78% vs 47%). Therefore, the features more commonly seen in 'UC-like' CD were not due to a more severe disease process. Crohn's granulomas and transmural inflammation in non-ulcerated areas were absent in both groups.CONCLUSION: More severe disease in the proximal involved region, terminal ileum involvement, active appendicitis, and prominent lamina propria neutrophils may be morphological factors associated with 'UC-like' CD. | Samuel D James Paul E Wise Tania Zuluaga-Toro David A Schwartz M Kay Washington Chanjuan Shi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 4 |
| 19 | Effect of organic acid on Cd toxicityin tomato and bean growth显示文摘A Hoagland's 1 nutrient solution culture to observe the effect of 0 , 50 and 100 μmol/L oxalate acidon 0 to 10 mg/L Cd toxicity for tomato and 0 to 8 mg/L for bean and their accumulation in plants were stud-ied. There was an almost linear relationship bet | Xue Dongsen Robert B. Harrison Charles L. Henry(University of Washington , ARIO Seattle . WA 98195 , USA) | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1995，7，4： | 4 |
| 20 | Lymph node ratio and preoperative CA 19-9 levels predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma显示文摘AIM:Clinicopathologic factors predicting overall survival (OS) would help identify a subset to benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients patients from 1984 to 2009 with curative resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included. Tumors were staged by American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition criteria. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methodology or Cox proportional hazard models. Log-rank tests were performed. Statistical inferences were assessed by two-sided 5% significance level. RESULTS: Median age was 67.1 (57.2-73.0) years with equal gender distribution. Tumors were in the head (89.3%) or body/tail (10.7%). On univariate analysis, adjuvant therapy, lymph node (LN) ratio, histologic grade, negative margin status, absence of peripancreatic extension, and T stage were associated with improved OS. Adjuvant therapy, LN ratio, histologic grade, number of nodes examined, negative LN status, and absence of peripancreatic extension were associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS). On multivariable analysis, LN ratio and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were associated with OS. LN ratio was associated with RFS. CONCLUSION: The LN ratio and CA 19-9 levels are independent prognostic factors following curative resections of pancreatic cancer. | Sabrina C Wentz Zhi-Guo Zhao Yu Shyr Chan-Juan Shi Kay Washington Nipun B Merchant Fen Xia A Bapsi Chakravarthy | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，10： | 3 |
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