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| 1 | 婴幼儿卒中的处理:来自美国心脏协会卒中委员会和青少年心血管病委员会专门写作组的科学声明显示文摘目的:本声明旨在回顾有关儿童卒中的文献,为最佳的诊断和治疗提供推荐意见,供负责诊断和治疗婴儿、儿童和青少年脑血管病的医生使用。方法:写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命,由多个不同领域的专家组成。应用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据分级标准对每条推荐意见进行分级。在经过小组成员审查后,草稿由4位同行评议专家和卒中委员会指导委员会成员审阅,并由美国心脏协会科学咨询和协调委员会批准。我们预计该声明需在4年内进行更新。结果:为镰状细胞病、烟雾病、颈一脑动脉夹层分离和心源性栓塞引起的缺血性卒中的预防提供循证推荐,同时为出血性卒中的评价和处理提供推荐意见。提出儿童使用肝素和华法林的剂量方案。另外,还为围产期卒中和儿童脑静脉窦血栓形成的评价和处理提供推荐。 | E.Steve Roach(著) Meredith R. Golomb(著) Robert Adams(著) Jose Biller(著) Stephen Daniels(著) Gabrielle deVeber(著) Donna Ferriero(著) Blaise V. Jones(著) Fenella J. Kirkham(著) R. Michael Scott(著) Edward R. Smith(著) 刘丽芳(译) 王胜男(译) 王伟(译) 林镇洲(译) 朱佳佳(译) 潘速跃(译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，11： | 60 |
| 2 | 全球生态系统服务与自然资本的价值估算显示文摘编者按:地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统,生态系统对人类的贡献,在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述,是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而,由于其复杂性和不确定性,对这两个效益如何进行估价,一直是困扰生态学家和经济学家的重要问题。Cos... | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V.O'neill Jose Paruelo Robert G.Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt 陶大立(译) | 1999 | 生态学杂志1999，18，2： | 38 |
| 3 | Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America显示文摘Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950 s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus,nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of Gn RH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care.Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2–3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600? is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. Real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3–5. PGF2αeffectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestation length. Ovulation synchronization, single fixed-time AI and induced parturition may lead to farrowing synchronization, which facilitates supervision and reduces stillbirths and piglet mortality. Attendance and assistance at farrowing is important especially to ensure adequate colostrum consumption by piglets immediately after birth. New performance terminologies are presented. | Robert R Kraeling Stephen K Webel | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 27 |
| 4 | 更好地报告随机试验中的危害:CONSORT声明扩展版显示文摘面对随机对照试验(RCTs)报告质量过低的种种确凿证据和严重后果,许多医学杂志及编辑小组现已接受并支持一份包含有22个条目的清单和一个流程图的CONSORT声明(试验报告统一标准)。由于CONSORT的主旨是提高干预措施疗效的报告质量,故其中只有一个条目是具体针对安全性的。大量证据表明,报告RCT中的危害的相关数据的报告质量有待提高。2003年5月,CONSORT小组成员,包括杂志编辑和科学家,齐聚加拿大魁北克省Mentoebello探讨了这一问题,并形成以下文件:标准CONSORT清单附带报告危害相关问题的10个新推荐意见,并附上说明及恰当报告的实例。我们希望该声明连同其它CONSORT相关材料(www.consort-statement.org)将有助于作者提高RCT报告中与危害相关数据的报告质量。高质量报告有助于读者批判性评价和诠释试验结果。各杂志可通过修改稿约来向作者传达这一文件以支持这一目标。 | John P.A.Ioannidis Stephen J.W.Evans Peter C.G■tzsche Robert T.O’Neill Douglas G.Altman Kenneth Schulz David Moher 杜亮 | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，9： | 12 |
| 5 | Covalently closed-circular hepatitis B virus DNA reduction with entecavir or lamivudine显示文摘AIM: To investigate the reduction in hepatitis B virus(HBV) covalently closed-circular DNA(ccc DNA) with entecavir(ETV) or lamivudine(LAM). METHODS: This analysis included patients who had participated in the randomized Phase Ⅲ study ETV-022 comparing ETV vs LAM in nucleos(t)ide-naive, HBe Agpositive patients. Patients received ETV(0.5 mg daily) or LAM(100 mg daily) for a minimum of 52 wk. Patients were eligible to participate in this sub-study if they had paired biopsies at baseline and week 48 with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA. The main objective was to compare changes in hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA at week 48 of ETV or LAM treatment, which was a secondary endpoint of study ETV-022. Additional post hoc analyses included linear regression analyses to assess associations of baseline levels and on-treatment changes of ccc DNA with other baseline factors [sex,age, serum HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBV genotype], or ontreatment factors(changes from baseline at week 48 in serum HBV DNA, ALT, Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBe Ag loss at week 48).RESULTS: Overall, 305 patients(ETV = 159; LAM = 146) of ETV-022 had paired baseline and week 48 liver biopsies with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and were included in this analysis. Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were comparable between the two arms. After 48 wk, ETV resulted in significantly greater reductions in hepatic HBV ccc DNA [-0.9 log10 copies/human genome equivalent(HGEq) vs-0.7 log10 copies/HGEq; P = 0.0033] and total hepatic DNA levels(-2.1 log10 copies/HGEq vs-1.6 log10 copies/HGEq; P < 0.0001) than LAM. Virologic, biochemical, and histologic response rates at week 48 were also greater with ETV than with LAM. Baseline HBV ccc DNA levels were positively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and negatively associated with HBV genotype F. On-treatment changes in HBV ccc DNA levels were negatively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and baseline ALT, and were positively associated with on-treatment changes in the levels of serum HBV DNA, total hepatic HBV DNA levels, and ALT, change in Knodell necroinflammatory score, and HBe Ag loss.CONCLUSION: Forty-eight weeks of ETV resulted in greater reductions in ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA than LAM, but long-term therapy may be needed for ccc DNA elimination. | Scott Bowden Stephen Locarnini Ting-Tsung Chang You-Chen Chao Kwang-Hyub Han Robert G Gish Robert A de Man Miao Yu Cyril Llamoso Hong Tang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 11 |
| 6 | 云母的命名显示文摘定义云母为层状硅酸盐。其结构单元由两个相向排列的四面体片(Ts)和夹于其间的一个八面体片(Os)组成。这些片构成一个单元层,层与层之间被非水化层间阳离子(I)分开,其顺序是:非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面体片、四面体片、非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面... | Milan Rieder,Giancarlo Cavazzini,Yurii S.D’yakonov, Viktor A.Frank Kamenetskii,Glauco Gottardi,Stephen Guggenheim,Pavel V.Koval′, Georg Muller,Ana M.R.Neiva,Edward W.Radoslovich,Jean Louis Robert, Francesco P.Sassi,Hiroshi Takeda,Zdenek Weiss,Davi | 1999 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报1999，18，3： | 8 |
| 7 | 家庭医生提供更多综合性医疗服务与更低医疗费用及更少住院率有关显示文摘1引言〈br〉 2009年患者保护与平价医疗法案(ACA)开始再次关注基层医疗及其在实现美国三重目标--人群健康改善、医疗服务改进、医疗费用降低方面的作用。考虑到美国人口的老龄化、人口数目的增长及参保人口的增多,数十年的证据支持基层医疗具备改善已超过整体经济增长数十年且仍可能继续增长的医疗费用状况的潜能。在已明确的基层医疗特征里,医疗的综合性或其覆盖健康问题、年龄阶段及治疗形式的广泛性及多样性使基层医疗发挥着积极的作用。在1996年出版的一本经常被引用的基层医疗图书中,美国医学研究所将医疗综合性定义为“……临床医生为解决绝大多数人群的医疗卫生需求而提供的综合、可获取的医疗卫生服务。”世界卫生组织于2008年对基层医疗综合性的价值进行了重申。基层医疗的另一项原则是要对患有未分化疾病的患者进行首诊,这需要医疗服务具备综合性以有效地辨别患者的症状和主诉,并在必要时进行诊断和治疗。同样,医患关系的连续性(被研究最多的基层医疗特征之一)及其在许多行医地点中的协调性都依赖于基层医疗的综合性。从理论上来讲,医疗综合性可以“在正确的时间与地点提供正确的医疗服务”,且很有可能避免之后再进行花费高的治疗。 | Andrew Bazemore Stephen Petterson Lars E.Peterson Robert L.Phillips 魏亚萌 | 2015 | 中国全科医学2015，18，25： | 8 |
| 8 | Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy James I. Cleeman Stephen R. Daniels Karen A. Donato Robert H. Eckel Barry A. Franklin David J. Gordon Ronald M. Krauss Peter J. Savage Sidney C. Smith John A. Spertus Fernando Costa | 2005 | Circulation2005，，17： | 7 |
| 9 | Pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Potential mechanistic pathways显示文摘Although hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) primarily arises in the background of liver cirrhosis,the development of HCC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) without cirrhosis is increasingly recognized. The pathogenesis of NAFLD associated non-cirrhotic HCC is distinct from that of cirrhotic HCC because the metabolic syndrome(MS) along with obesity and insulin resistance(IR) underlie several unique mechanisms that promote tumorigenesis. IR associated with MS,NAFLD,and type 2 diabetes mellitus lead to the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6,leptin and resistin,as well as decreased amounts of adiponectin. These processes favor the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation within the liver,which precede HCC development. Nevertheless,further investigation is necessary to elucidate the determinants for development of HCC in patients with NAFLD in the absence of cirrhosis. | Ryan B Perumpail Andy Liu Robert J Wong Aijaz Ahmed Stephen A Harrison | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，22： | 6 |
| 10 | Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution显示文摘 | Stephen L. Vargo Robert F. Lusch | 2008 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science2008，，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Ultrathin monolithic 3D printed optical coherence tomography endoscopy for preclinical and clinical use显示文摘Preclinical and clinical diagnostics increasingly rely on techniques to visualize internal organs at high resolution via endoscopes.Miniaturized endoscopic probes are necessary for imaging small luminal or delicate organs without causing trauma to tissue.However,current fabrication methods limit the imaging performance of highly miniaturized probes,restricting their widespread application.To overcome this limitation,we developed a novel ultrathin probe fabrication technique that utilizes 3D microprinting to reliably create side-facing freeform micro-optics(<130μm diameter)on single-mode fibers.Using this technique,we built a fully functional ultrathin aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography probe.This is the smallest freeform 3D imaging probe yet reported,with a diameter of 0.457 mm,including the catheter sheath.We demonstrated image quality and mechanical flexibility by imaging atherosclerotic human and mouse arteries.The ability to provide microstructural information with the smallest optical coherence tomography catheter opens a gateway for novel minimally invasive applications in disease. | Jiawen Li Simon Thiele Bryden C.Quirk Rodney W.Kirk Johan W.Verjans Emma Akers Christina A.Bursill Stephen J.Nicholls Alois M.Herkommer Harald Giessen Robert A.McLaughlin | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 12 | 代谢综合征的诊断和治疗——美国心脏协会/国立心肺血液研究所指南概要显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy James I. Cleeman Stephen R. Daniels Karen A. Donato Robert H. Eckel Barry A.Franklin David J. Gordon Ronald M. Krauss Peter J. Savage Sidney C. Smith John A. Spertus Fernando Costa | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2006，2，4： | 5 |
| 13 | Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo显示文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM. | Adarsh Shankar Sanath Kumar Asm Iskander Nadimpalli RS Varma Branislava Janic Ana deCarvalho Tom Mikkelsen Joseph A Frank Meser M Ali Robert A Knight Stephen Brown Ali S Arbab | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial显示文摘 | David Sebag-Montefiore Richard J Stephens Robert Steele John Monson Robert Grieve Subhash Khanna Phil Quirke Jean Couture Catherine de Metz Arthur Sun Myint Eric Bessell Gareth Griffiths Lindsay C Thompson Mahesh Parmar | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9666： | 5 |
| 15 | Morbidity and Mortality Analysis of 200 Treatments With Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Using the Coliseum Technique显示文摘 | Arvil D. Stephens MD Robert Alderman PA-C David Chang MD Gary D. Edwards PA-C Jesus Esquivel MD Gilbert Sebbag MD Mark A. Steves MD Paul H. Sugarbaker MD | 1999 | Annals of Surgical Oncology1999，，8： | 5 |
| 16 | 基于18S基因序列的姬小蜂分子系统发育(英文)显示文摘本文基于18S rDNA部分序列,用MP和Baysian方法研究了姬小蜂科的系统发育,对姬小蜂科的单系性及其与其它小蜂科间的关系进行了讨论。姬小蜂亚科、灿姬小蜂亚科和啮姬小蜂亚科形成三个独立的支系,研究结果支持它们各自的单系性,但本结果没有明确姬小蜂科的单系性。研究结果同时还支持瑟姬小蜂族、扁股姬小蜂族和狭面姬小蜂族三个族的地位,但不支持姬小蜂族的地位。姬小蜂科的单系性及其与其它小蜂间的关系还需更多的形态学数据和更多的基因序列来进一步研究[动物学报52 (2) : 288 -301 , 2006]。 | 沙忠利 朱朝东 Robert W.MURPHY 黄大卫 Stephen G.COMPTON | 2006 | 动物学报2006，52，2： | 5 |
| 17 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d’Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O’Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 4 |
| 18 | 美国内华达Goldstrike矿区卡林型贝茨金矿同变形的富矿分带显示文摘贝茨金矿是卡林金矿带最大的卡林型矿床 ,由多个高品位富矿体组成。金矿体产于不纯的碳酸盐岩角砾岩和侵入体中 ,明显受构造控制 ,矿体显示出同变形热液沉淀特征。在 NWW向的DDZ剪切褶皱构造带中 ,贝茨金矿的富矿构成空间上的分带形式 ,主要的富矿类型有含金红石的硅质富矿 ,伊利石 -粘土 -黄铁矿富矿 ,含雄黄、雌黄的富矿 ,含辉锑矿的硅质富矿和多金属富矿。研究表明 ,成矿溶液为弱 -中等盐度 ,在构造活动期上升并冷却。变形时水 -岩反应条件和压力 -温度的变化可能引起流体的变化 ,并导致含金流体与围岩的动态反应时间不同而形成富矿分带 ,富含 As,Sb,Hg的金矿石类型是同一成矿系统中的不同部分 ,该系统与侏罗纪后的脆 -韧性变形同时形成。 | Stephen G.Peters Gregory C.Ferdock Maria B.Woitsekhowskaya Robert Leonardson Jerry Rahn | 2000 | 地质找矿论丛2000，15，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis显示文摘 | Nozomu Yanaihara Natasha Caplen Elise Bowman Masahiro Seike Kensuke Kumamoto Ming Yi Robert M. Stephens Aikou Okamoto Jun Yokota Tadao Tanaka George Adrian Calin Chang-Gong Liu Carlo M. Croce Curtis C. Harris | 2006 | Cancer Cell2006，，3： | 4 |
| 20 | <ce:link locator='fx1'/> Adalimumab for Maintenance of Clinical Response and Remission in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: The CHARM Trial显示文摘 | Jean–Frédéric Colombel William J. Sandborn Paul Rutgeerts Robert Enns Stephen B. Hanauer Remo Panaccione Stefan Schreiber Dan Byczkowski Ju Li Jeffrey D. Kent Paul F. Pollack | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，1： | 4 |
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