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| 1 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 2 | Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study显示文摘 | Patrick Marcellin Edward Gane Maria Buti Nezam Afdhal William Sievert Ira M Jacobson Mary Kay Washington George Germanidis John F Flaherty Raul Aguilar Schall Jeffrey D Bornstein Kathryn M Kitrinos G Mani Subramanian John G McHutchison E Jenny Heathcote | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，： | 14 |
| 3 | 2-Year GLOBE Trial Results: Telbivudine Is Superior to Lamivudine in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B显示文摘 | Yun–Fan Liaw Edward Gane Nancy Leung Stefan Zeuzem Yuming Wang Ching Lung Lai E. Jenny Heathcote Michael Manns Natalie Bzowej Junqi Niu Steven–Huy Han Seong Gyu Hwang Yilmaz Cakaloglu Myron J. Tong George Papatheodoridis Yagang Chen Nathaniel A. Brown Efs | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，2： | 13 |
| 4 | Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update显示文摘 | Yun-Fan Liaw Nancy Leung Jia-Horng Kao Teerha Piratvisuth Edward Gane Kwang-Hyub Han Richard Guan George K. K. Lau Stephen Locarnini | 2008 | Hepatology International2008，，3： | 10 |
| 5 | 云母的命名显示文摘定义云母为层状硅酸盐。其结构单元由两个相向排列的四面体片(Ts)和夹于其间的一个八面体片(Os)组成。这些片构成一个单元层,层与层之间被非水化层间阳离子(I)分开,其顺序是:非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面体片、四面体片、非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面... | Milan Rieder,Giancarlo Cavazzini,Yurii S.D’yakonov, Viktor A.Frank Kamenetskii,Glauco Gottardi,Stephen Guggenheim,Pavel V.Koval′, Georg Muller,Ana M.R.Neiva,Edward W.Radoslovich,Jean Louis Robert, Francesco P.Sassi,Hiroshi Takeda,Zdenek Weiss,Davi | 1999 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报1999，18，3： | 8 |
| 6 | 肯尼亚与中国茶业比较(英文)显示文摘本文从植物遗传改良等因素比较了肯尼亚与中国的茶产业。中国茶区辽阔 ,生态条件多样化 ,各地分别适宜种植不同类型的茶树品种 ;而肯尼亚则受到较大制约。中国茶区分布在亚热带和温带的高海拔地区和平原地区 ,肯尼亚茶区则限于气温凉爽、雨量充沛而且降雨量分布均匀的高海拔地区。茶原产于中国 ,而且有数千年的茶树栽培历史。肯尼亚和中国两国的历史和气候条件不同 ,茶树品种的适应性亦有差异 ,种茶“传统”和生态条件使肯尼亚开发利用的茶树品种具有保守性 ,其茶树历史起源与印度类似。随着肯尼亚茶树品种的演变及挑战性的显现 ,有必要对其经验和教训进行回顾。本文同时概述了两国在茶产业管理结构、挑战性和茶树遗传改良的机遇 。 | George Edward Mamati 梁月荣 | 2004 | 茶叶2004，30，4： | 7 |
| 7 | Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update显示文摘 | Yun-Fan Liaw Nancy Leung Jia-Horng Kao Teerha Piratvisuth Edward Gane Kwang-Hyub Han Richard Guan George K. K. Lau Stephen Locarnini | 2008 | Hepatology International2008，，3： | 7 |
| 8 | Three-Year Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B显示文摘 | E. Jenny Heathcote Patrick Marcellin Maria Buti Edward Gane Robert A. De Man Zahary Krastev George Germanidis Samuel S. Lee Robert Flisiak Kelly Kaita Michael Manns Iskren Kotzev Konstantin Tchernev Peter Buggisch Frank Weilert Oya Ovunc Kurdas Mitchell L | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，1： | 5 |
| 9 | Development of Biomimetic Squid-Inspired Suckers显示文摘 | Jinping Hou Edward Wright Richard H. C. Bonser George Jeronimidis | 2012 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2012，9，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure显示文摘 | Aram V. Chobanian George L. Bakris Henry R. Black William C. Cushman Lee A. Green Joseph L. Izzo Daniel W. Jones Barry J. Materson Suzanne Oparil Jackson T. Wright Edward J. Roccella | 2003 | Hypertension: Journal of The American Heart Association2003，，6： | 4 |
| 11 | Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission显示文摘Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System(GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile(GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide direct, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for futuretelemetry studies in poultry network analyses. | Chang-Yong Choi John Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski George Heine Diann J Prosser Scott H Newman John Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，7： | 3 |
| 12 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Telbivudine Improves Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B显示文摘 | Edward J. Gane Gilbert Deray Yun-Fan Liaw Seng Gee Lim Ching-Lung Lai Jens Rasenack Yuming Wang George Papatheodoridis Adrian Di Bisceglie Maria Buti Didier Samuel Alkaz Uddin Sophie Bosset Aldo Trylesinski | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update显示文摘 | Yun-Fan Liaw Nancy Leung Jia-Horng Kao Teerha Piratvisuth Edward Gane Kwang-Hyub Han Richard Guan George K. K. Lau Stephen Locarnini | 2008 | Hepatology International2008，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Development of a laser Raman spectrometer for deep-ocean science显示文摘 | Peter G Brewer George Malby Jill D Pasteris Sheri N White Edward T Peltzer B Wopenka J Freeman Mark O Brown | 2004 | Deep-Sea Research Part I2004，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Core outcome measures for opioid abuse liability laboratory assessment studies in humans: IMMPACT recommendations显示文摘 | Sandra D. Comer James P. Zacny Robert H. Dworkin Dennis C. Turk George E. Bigelow Richard W. Foltin Donald R. Jasinski Edward M. Sellers Edgar H. Adams Robert Balster Laurie B. Burke Igor Cerny Robert D. Colucci Edward Cone Penney Cowan John T. Farrar J. | 2012 | Pain2012，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Screening for Down Syndrome in the United States: Results of Surveys in 2011 and 2012显示文摘 | Palomaki Glenn E Knight George J Ashwood Edward R Best Robert G Haddow James E | 2013 | Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine2013，，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Influence of Technologic Advances on Outcomes in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy显示文摘 | Zhongxing X. Liao Ritsuko R. Komaki Howard D. Thames Helen H. Liu Susan L. Tucker Radhe Mohan Mary K. Martel Xiong Wei Kunyu Yang Edward S. Kim George Blumenschein Waun Ki Hong James D. Cox | 2010 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2010，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry and the National Reference System显示文摘 | George B John F Edward W | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil for rectal cancer: A matched-pair analysis显示文摘 | Prajnan Das Edward H. Lin Sumita Bhatia John M. Skibber Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas Barry W. Feig George J. Chang Paulo M. Hoff Cathy Eng Robert A. Wolff Marc E. Delclos Sunil Krishnan Nora A. Janjan Christopher H. Crane | 2006 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2006，，5： | 1 |
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