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| 1 | 2010年世界胃肠病学组织关于炎症性肠病诊断和治疗的实践指南显示文摘炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组特发性、慢性、炎症性肠道疾病状态,包括两种主要类型:克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),两者的临床和病理特征既有重叠又有区别。IBD过去常见于发达国家,近几十年,发展中国家的患病率逐步上升。本指南就IBD诊断和治疗方面提出的独特议题在当前的文献和指南中几乎从未被提及。由于各地区的IBD临床特点差异较大,因此根据患者的主诉诊断IBD或评估疾病活动度需随地区的变化而变化。同样,治疗亦应根据疾病的分类和当地医疗资源进行调整。世界胃肠病学组织根据世界各国医疗资源的差异,采用级联方法制订了IBD的诊疗指南。 | Charles N.Bernstein Michael Fried J.H.Krabshuis Henry Cohen R.Eliakim Suleiman Fedail Richard Gearry K.L.Goh Saheed Hamid Aamir Ghafor Khan A.W.LeMair Malfertheiner Qin Ouyang J.F.Rey Ajit Sood Flavio Steinwurz Ole O.Thomsen Alan Thomson Gillian Watermeyer 杨钊斌 杨川华 钱本余 | 2010 | 胃肠病学2010，15，9： | 101 |
| 2 | Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors显示文摘The proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a class are remarkably safe and effective for persons with peptic ulcer disorders. Serious adverse events are extremely rare for PPIs, with case reports of interstitial nephritis with omeprazole, hepatitis with omeprazole and lansoprazole, and disputed visual disturbances with pantoprazole and omeprazole. PPI use is associated with the development of fundic gland polyps (FGP); stopping PPIs is associated with regression of FGP. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause or be associated with the progression of pre-existing chronic gastritis or gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Mild/modest hypergastrinemia is a physiological response to the reduction in gastric acid secretion due to any cause. The long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause enterochromaff in-like cell hyperplasia or carcinoid tumors. PPIs increase the risk of community acquired pneumonia, but not of hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia. There is no data to support particular care in prescribing PPI therapy due to concerns about risk of hip fracture with the long-termuse of PPIs. Long-term use of PPIs does not lead to vitamin B12 def iciencies, except possibly in the elderly, or in persons with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome who are on high doses of PPI for prolonged periods of time. There is no convincingly proven data that PPIs increase the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in persons in the community. The discontinuation of PPIs may result in rebound symptoms requiring further and even continuous PPI use for suppression of symptoms. As with all medications, the key is to use PPIs only when clearly indicated, and to reassess continued use so that long-term therapy is used judiciously. Thus, in summary, the PPIs are a safe class of medications to use longterm in persons in whom there is a clear need for the maintenance of extensive acid inhibition. | Alan BR Thomson Michel D Sauve Narmin Kassam Holly Kamitakahara | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，19： | 20 |
| 3 | Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure显示文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics. | Kareena L Schnabl John E Van Aerde Alan BR Thomson Michael T Clandinin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，14： | 19 |
| 4 | Celiac disease:Prevalence,diagnosis,pathogenesis and treatment显示文摘Celiac disease(CD) is one of the most common diseases,resulting from both environmental(gluten) and genetic factors [human leukocyte antigen(HLA) and nonHLA genes].The prevalence of CD has been estimated to approximate 0.5%-1% in different parts of the world.However,the population with diabetes,autoimmune disorder or relatives of CD individuals have even higher risk for the development of CD,at least in part,because of shared HLA typing.Gliadin gains access to the basal surface of the epithelium,and interact directly with the immune system,via both trans-and para-cellular routes.From a diagnostic perspective,symptoms may be viewed as either 'typical' or 'atypical'.In both positive serological screening results suggestive of CD,should lead to small bowel biopsy followed by a favourable clinical and serological response to the gluten-free diet(GFD) to confirm the diagnosis.Positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody or antiendomysial antibody during the clinical course helps to confirm the diagnosis of CD because of their over 99% specificities when small bowel villous atrophy is present on biopsy.Currently,the only treatment available for CD individuals is a strict life-long GFD.A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of CD allows alternative future CD treatments to hydrolyse toxic gliadin peptide,prevent toxic gliadin peptide absorption,blockage of selective deamidation of specific glutamine residues by tissue,restore immune tolerance towards gluten,modulation of immune response to dietary gliadin,and restoration of intestinal architecture. | Naiyana Gujral Hugh J Freeman Alan BR Thomson | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，42： | 19 |
| 5 | Intestinal sugar transport显示文摘糖类是食谱的一个重要部件。我们摄取的糖类从简单单音的糖类(葡萄糖, fructose 和半乳糖)到 disaccharides (乳糖,蔗糖) 到复杂多糖。大多数糖类被消化由唾液并且胰淀粉酶,并且被酶进一步在 enterocytes 的刷状缘膜(BBM ) 划分成单音的糖类。例如, lactase-phloridzin 水疗院放射激光并且 sucrase-isomaltase 是涉及营养的水解作用的二 disaccharidases 结盟重要 disaccharides。一旦单音的糖类被介绍给 BBM,表示滋养的运输 ers 的成熟 enterocytes 搬运糖进 enterocytes。这篇论文考察贡献了肠的糖运输的一个工作模型的开发的早研究,并且详细说明在理解糖由全神贯注于肠的进程做的最近的进展。 | Laurie A Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，11： | 13 |
| 6 | Nutritional modulation of the inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease-From the molecular to the integrative to the clinical显示文摘Nutrient deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both total parenteral and enteral nutrition provide important supportive therapy for IBD patients, but in adults these are not useful for primary therapy. Dietary intervention with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in fish oil may be useful for the care of IBD patients, and recent studies have stressed the role of PPAR on NFκB activity on the potential beneficial effect of dietary lipids on intestinal function. | Gary E Wild Laurie Drozdowski Carmela Tartaglia M Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Recent advances in small bowel diseases:Part Ⅰ显示文摘As is the case in all parts of gastroenterology and hepatology,there have been many advances in our knowledge and understanding of small intestinal diseases.Over 1000 publications were reviewed for 2008 and 2009,and the important advances in basic science as well as clinical applications were considered.In Part Ⅰ of this Editorial Review,seven topics are considered:intestinal development;proliferation and repair;intestinal permeability;microbiotica,infectious diarrhea and probiotics;diarrhea;salt and water absorption;necrotizing enterocolitis;and immunology/allergy.These topics were chosen because of their importance to the practicing physician. | Alan BR Thomson Angeli Chopra Michael Tom Clandinin Hugh Freeman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 5 |
| 8 | Ontogeny,growth and development of the small intestine:Understanding pediatric gastroenterology显示文摘Throughout our lifetime,the intestine changes.Some alterations in its form and function may be genetically determined,and some are the result of adaptation to diet,temperature,or stress.The critical period programming of the intestine can be modified,such as from subtle differences in the types and ratios of n3:m6 fatty acids in the diet of the pregnant mother,or in the diet of the weanlings.This early forced adaptation may persist in later life,such as the unwanted increased intestinal absorption of sugars,fatty acids and cholesterol.Thus,the ontogeny,early growth and development of the intestine is important for the adult gastroenterologist to appreciate,because of the potential for these early life events to affect the responsiveness of the intestine to physiological or pathological challenges in later life. | Laurie A Drozdowski Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，7： | 5 |
| 9 | Intestinal hormones and growth factors:Effects on the small intestine显示文摘There are various hormones and growth factors which may modify the intestinal absorption of nutrients,and which might thereby be useful in a therapeutic setting,such as in persons with short bowel syndrome.In partⅠ,we focus first on insulin-like growth factors,epidermal and transferring growth factors,thyroid hormones and glucocorticosteroids.PartⅡwill detail the effects of glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-2 on intestinal absorption and adaptation,and the potential for an additive effect of GLP2 plus steroids. | Laurie Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Intestinal mucosal adaptation显示文摘肠的失败是营养不良或脱水由于营养素的不适当的消化和吸收描绘的一个条件。当功能的内脏团在为足够的营养素和水吸收必要的水平下面被减少时,肠的失败的最普通的原因是短肠症候群,它发生。这个条件可能是先天的,或可以由于小肠的巨大的切除术被获得。后面的切除术,肠能够响应肠内的营养素以及另外的营养的刺激的改编。识别可以提高肠的改编的过程的因素是有重要潜在的临床的应用的研究的一个令人激动的区域。 | Laurie Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，29： | 4 |
| 11 | Recent advances in celiac disease显示文摘Celiac disease now affects about one person in a hundred in Europe and North America. In this review, we consider a number of important and exciting recent developments, such as clinical associations, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions, the concept of potential celiac disease, the use of new imaging/endoscopy techniques, and the development of refractory disease. This review will be of use to all internists, pediatricians and gastroenterologists. | Hugh James Freeman Angeli Chopra Michael Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，18： | 3 |
| 12 | Increased catabolism and decreased unsaturation of ganglioside in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether accelerated catabolism of ganglioside and decreased ganglioside content contribute to the etiology of pro-inflammatory intestinal disease. METHODS: Intestinal mucosa from terminal ileum or colon was obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis or inflammatory Crohn's disease(n = 11) undergoing bowel resection and compared to control samples of normal intestine from patients with benign colon polyps(n = 6) and colorectal cancer(n = 12) in this observational case-control study. Gangliosides and phospholipids of intestinal mucosa were characterized by class and ceramide or fatty acid composition using liquid chromatography triple-quad mass spectrometry. Content and composition of ganglioside classes GM1, GM3, GD3, GD1 a, GT1 and GT3 were compared among subject groups. Content and composition of phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine were compared among subject groups. Unsaturation index of individual ganglioside and phospholipid classes was computed and compared among subject groups. Ganglioside catabolism enzymes beta-hexosaminidase A(HEXA) and sialidase-3(NEU3) were measured in intestinal mucosa using western blot and compared among subject groups. RESULTS: Relative GM3 ganglioside content was 2-fold higher(P < 0.05) in intestine from patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) compared to control intestine. The quantity of GM3 and ratio of GM3/GD3 was also higher in IBD intestine than control tissue(P < 0.05). Control intestine exhibited 3-fold higher(P < 0.01) relative GD1 a ganglioside content than IBD intestine. GD3 and GD1 a species of ganglioside containing three unsaturated bonds were present in control intestine, but were not detected in IBD intestine. The relative content of PC containing more than two unsaturated bonds was 30% lower in IBD intestine than control intestine(P < 0.05). The relative content of HEXA in IBD intestine was increased 1.7-fold(P < 0.05) and NEU3 was increased 8.3-fold(P < 0.01) compared to normal intestine. Intestinal mucosa in IBD is characterized by increased GM3 content, decreased GD1 a, and a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acid constituents in GD3, GD1 a and PC.CONCLUSION: This study suggests a new paradigm by proposing that IBD occurs as a consequence of increased metabolism of specific gangliosides. | John J Miklavcic Glen K Shoemaker Vera C Mazurak M Tom Clandinin Tasha DL Hart Kareena L Schnabl Gordon M Lees Bodil MK Larsen Oliver F Bathe Alan BR Thomson M Tom Clandinin | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，35： | 3 |
| 13 | World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis显示文摘 | Douglas R. LaBrecque Zaigham Abbas Frank Anania Peter Ferenci Aamir G. Khan Khean-Lee Goh Saeed S. Hamid Vasily Isakov Maribel Lizarzabal Manuel M. Pe?aranda Juan F.R. Ramos Shiv Sarin Davor Stimac Alan B.R. Thomson Muhammed Umar Justus Krabshuis Anton Le | 2014 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2014，，6： | 3 |
| 14 | Use of the tumor necrosis factor-blockers for Crohn's disease显示文摘The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-therapy for inflammatory bowel disease represents the most important advance in the care of these patients since the publication of the National Co-operative Crohn's disease study thirty years ago.The recommendations of numerous consensus groups worldwide are now supported by a wealth of clinical trials and several meta-analyses.In general,it is suggested that tumor necrosis factor-blockers(TNFBs) are indicated(1) for persons with moderately-severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis(UC) who have failed two or more causes of glucocorticosteroids and an acceptably long cause(8 wk to 12 wk) of an immune modulator such as azathioprine or methotrexate;(2) non-responsive perianal disease;and(3) severe UC not responding to a 3-d to 5-d course of steroids.Once TNFBs have been introduced and the patient is responsive,therapy given by the IV and SC rate must be continued.It remains open to definitive evidence if concomitant immune modulators are required with TNFB maintenance therapy,and when or if TNFB may be weaned and discontinued.The supportive evidence from a single study on the role of early versus later introduction of TNFB in the course of a patient's illness needs to be confirmed.The risk/benefit profile of TNFB appears to be acceptable as long as the patient is immunized and tested for tuberculosis and viral hepatitis before the initiation of TNFB,and as long as the long-term adverse effects on the development of lymphoma and other tumors do not prone to be problematic.Because the rates of benefits to TNFB are modest from a population perspective and the cost of therapy is very high,the ultimate application of use of TNFBs will likely be established by cost/benefit studies. | Alan BR Thomson Milli Gupta Hugh J Freeman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，35： | 3 |
| 15 | World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline: Constipation—A Global Perspective显示文摘 | Greger Lindberg Saeed S. Hamid Peter Malfertheiner Ole Ostergaard Thomsen Luis Bustos Fernandez James Garisch Alan Thomson Khean-Lee Goh Rakesh Tandon Suliman Fedail Benjamin C.Y. Wong Aamir Ghafoor Khan Justus H. Krabshuis Anton LeMair | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2011，，6： | 3 |
| 16 | Morphological,kinetic,membrane biochemical and genetic aspects of intestinal enteroplasticity显示文摘The process of intestinal adaptation('enteroplasticity') is complex and multifaceted.Although a number of trophic nutrients and non-nutritive factors have been identified in animal studies,successful,reproducible clinical trials in humans are awaited.Understanding mechanisms underlying this adaptive process may direct research toward strategies that maximize intestinal function and impart a true clinical benefit to patients with short bowel syndrome,or to persons in whom nutrient absorption needs to be maximized.In this review,we consider the morphological,kinetic and membrane biochemical aspects of enteroplasticity,focus on the importance of nutritional factors,provide an overview of the many hormones that may alter the adaptive process,and consider some of the possible molecular profiles.While most of the data is derived from rodent studies,wherever possible,the results of human studies of intestinal enteroplasticity are provided. | Laurie A Drozdowski M Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，7： | 2 |
| 17 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Global Perspective显示文摘 | Peter Ferenci Michael Fried Douglas Labrecque Jordi Bruix Morris Sherman Masao Omata Jenny Heathcote Teehra Piratsivuth Mike Kew Jesse A. Otegbayo S.S. Zheng S. Sarin Saeed S. Hamid Salma Barakat Modawi Wolfgang Fleig Suliman Fedail Alan Thomson Aamir Kha | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | 英国入学资格考试的利与弊显示文摘“我们正处于危机关头。”伯明翰大学法律学院招生办负责人提姆·凯(Tim Kaye)在总结了众多负责大学招生工作的同行的观点后如是说。 | Alan Thomson 文慧 | 2004 | 世界教育信息2004，17，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Weight change modulates epicardial fat burden: A 4-year serial study with non-contrast computed tomography显示文摘 | Ryo Nakazato Ronak Rajani Victor Y. Cheng Haim Shmilovich Rine Nakanishi Yuka Otaki Heidi Gransar Piotr J. Slomka Sean W. Hayes Louise E.J. Thomson John D. Friedman Nathan D. Wong Leslee J. Shaw Matthew Budoff Alan Rozanski Daniel S. Berman Damini Dey | 2011 | Atherosclerosis2011，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Threshold for the Upper Normal Limit of Indexed Epicardial Fat Volume: Derivation in a Healthy Population and Validation in an Outcome-Based Study显示文摘 | Haim Shmilovich Damini Dey Victor Y. Cheng Ronak Rajani Ryo Nakazato Yuka Otaki Rine Nakanishi Piotr J. Slomka Louise E.J. Thomson Sean W. Hayes John D. Friedman Heidi Gransar Nathan D. Wong Leslee J. Shaw Matthew Budoff Alan Rozanski Daniel S. Berman | 2011 | The American Journal of Cardiology2011，，11： | 1 |
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