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| 1 | 2010年世界胃肠病学组织关于炎症性肠病诊断和治疗的实践指南显示文摘炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组特发性、慢性、炎症性肠道疾病状态,包括两种主要类型:克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),两者的临床和病理特征既有重叠又有区别。IBD过去常见于发达国家,近几十年,发展中国家的患病率逐步上升。本指南就IBD诊断和治疗方面提出的独特议题在当前的文献和指南中几乎从未被提及。由于各地区的IBD临床特点差异较大,因此根据患者的主诉诊断IBD或评估疾病活动度需随地区的变化而变化。同样,治疗亦应根据疾病的分类和当地医疗资源进行调整。世界胃肠病学组织根据世界各国医疗资源的差异,采用级联方法制订了IBD的诊疗指南。 | Charles N.Bernstein Michael Fried J.H.Krabshuis Henry Cohen R.Eliakim Suleiman Fedail Richard Gearry K.L.Goh Saheed Hamid Aamir Ghafor Khan A.W.LeMair Malfertheiner Qin Ouyang J.F.Rey Ajit Sood Flavio Steinwurz Ole O.Thomsen Alan Thomson Gillian Watermeyer 杨钊斌 杨川华 钱本余 | 2010 | 胃肠病学2010，15，9： | 101 |
| 2 | 秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响显示文摘将秸秆转化为高碳含量和稳定性的生物炭施入土壤无疑可提升碳库,但也会影响土壤性状和作物生长。为评估秸秆生物炭在北方潮土(pH8.30)的应用潜力,设每季生物炭施用量为0(对照)、2.25(低量)、6.75(中量)和11.3t hm^-2(高量)(四季后总施炭量分别为0、9、27、45.2t hm^-2)4个处理,通过2年小麦-玉米轮作小区试验,观测了作物产量、籽粒品质、氮素吸收和土壤矿质氮、pH、容重、水分的变化。结果显示,中量生物炭处理下第四季玉米产量增加8.43%;中、高量生物炭处理下四季作物总产量提高4.54%~4.92%。生物炭对小麦和玉米籽粒蛋白质、小麦湿面筋含量及容重无负面影响。作物地上部分氮素吸收、土壤矿质氮含量和pH各处理间无明显变化。中、高量处理下四季作物后土壤容重降低2.99%-10.4%,含水量增加10.3%-20.2%,最大持水量提高14.5%~15.0%。表明中、高量秸秆生物炭每季还田对作物有小幅增产作用,且不影响籽粒品质。土壤容重、水分、持水量等物理性状的改善可能是作物增产的重要原因。 | 刘园 M.Jamal Khan 靳海洋 白雪莹 谢迎新 赵旭 王慎强 王晨阳 | 2015 | 土壤学报2015，52，4： | 81 |
| 3 | Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Given that the burden of chronic liver disease is expected to rise owing to increasing rates of alcoholism, hepatitis B and C prevalence and obesity-related fatty liver disease, it is expected that the incidence of HCC will also increase in the foreseeable future. This article summarizes the international epidemiology, the risk factors and the pathogenesis of HCC, including the roles of viral hepatitis, toxins, such as alcohol and aflatoxin, and insulin resistance. | Asmaa Ibrahim Gomaa Shahid A Khan Mireille B Toledano Imam Waked Simon D Taylor- Robinson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，27： | 78 |
| 4 | Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication:Systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To assess the safety of bismuth used in Helico- bacter pylori (H pylori) eradication therapy regimens. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (up to October 2007) to identify randomised controlled tri- als comparing bismuth with placebo or no treatment, or bismuth salts in combination with antibiotics as part of eradication therapy with the same dose and duration of antibiotics alone or, in combination, with acid suppres- sion. Total numbers of adverse events were recorded. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We identified 35 randomised controlled tri- als containing 4763 patients. There were no serious adverse events occurring with bismuth therapy. There was no statistically significant difference detected in total adverse events with bismuth [relative risk (RR) = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.16], specific individual adverse events, with the exception of dark stools (RR = 5.06; 95% CI: 1.59-16.12), or adverse events leading to withdrawal of therapy (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.54-1.37). CONCLUSION: Bismuth for the treatment of H pylori is safe and well-tolerated. The only adverse event oc- curring significantly more commonly was dark stools. | Alexander C Ford Peter Malfertheiner Monique Giguère José Santana Mostafizur Khan Paul Moayyedi | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，48： | 62 |
| 5 | 不同耕作方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸及其影响因素显示文摘为揭示不同耕作方式对旱作玉米田土壤呼吸的影响,对比研究深松耕、免耕、旋耕和翻耕4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率的动态变化及其与土壤水分、温度、有机质、全氮、pH值等的关系。结果表明,夏玉米生长季,4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率随生育时期均呈先增加后降低的趋势,平均土壤呼吸速率为深松耕>翻耕>旋耕>免耕;播种前至拔节期土壤温度为翻耕>深松耕>旋耕>免耕,抽雄期至成熟收获期为免耕>旋耕>深松耕>翻耕;各耕作方式下0~20cm层土壤有机质、全氮均逐渐增加,与免耕比较,翻耕有机质和全氮均降低;生育前期土壤pH值波动明显,抽雄期后趋于平缓,土壤pH值平均值为翻耕>旋耕>免耕>深松耕。各影响因素与土壤呼吸速率相关分析表明,深松耕和翻耕土壤水分、温度与土壤呼吸速率呈显著或极显著正相关;有机质与土壤呼吸速率呈负相关,且与深松耕措施下土壤呼吸速率呈显著负相关;除免耕外,其他耕作方式下土壤全氮、pH值与土壤呼吸呈负相关。该研究可为补充完善土壤呼吸排放机理、评估区域碳收支平衡及制定科学有效的土壤碳调控管理措施提供依据。 | 张俊丽 Sikander Khan Tanveer 温晓霞 陈月星 高明博 刘杨 廖允成 | 2012 | 农业工程学报2012，28，18： | 71 |
| 6 | Role of autophagy in prion protein-induced neurodegenerative diseases显示文摘Prion 疾病,由海绵状的退化和错误褶层的累积描绘了并且在中央神经系统聚集了 PrPSc,是致命的 neurodegenerative 和人和动物的传染混乱之一。在更早的研究,在神经原的 autophagy 液泡经常在象 Alzheimer 的家那样的 neurodegenerative 疾病被观察, Parkinson 是,并且亨廷顿是象 prion 疾病一样的疾病。Autophagy 是几个细胞质的部件(蛋白质或细胞器) 被在一个 double-membrane-bound 泡扣押的一个高度保存的 homeostatic 过程称为的 autophagosome 并且与 lysosome 在他们的熔化之上降级了。在基础生理的层次的细胞间的自我消化的小径为维持纸巾和机关的健康地位是不可缺少的。在 prion 感染的情况下,增加证据显示 autophagy 把消除病理学的 PrPSc 的一个关键能力在神经原以内积累了。相反,在影响神经原的 autophagy 机能障碍可以贡献海绵状的变化的形成。在这评论,我们在 neurodegenerative 混乱关于哺乳动物的 autophagy 的效果总结了最近的调查结果,特别地在 prion 疾病。我们也总结了一些小分子的治疗学的潜力(例如锂, rapamycin, Sirtuin 1 和 resveratrol ) 在大脑上减轻如此的疾病的目标工作。而且,我们讨论了 autophagy 的争论角色,它是否调停 neuronal 毒性或在 neurodegenerative 混乱服务保护的功能。 | Hao Yao Deming Zhao Sher Hayat Khan Lifeng Yang | 2013 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2013，45，6： | 65 |
| 7 | Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis. | Brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 70 |
| 8 | Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H pylori: In vitro and in vivo studies显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi). METHODS: Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylori, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram +ve (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and two Gram -ve (E. coli, P. vugaris) organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS: In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms (two Gram +ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris) were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited H pylori at very low concentrations. In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations (10 μg/mL) for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION: We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages. | Mohammed Ibrahim Aleem A Khan Santosh K Tiwari Mohammed Aejaz Habeeb MN Khaja CM Habibullah | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 46 |
| 9 | Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, particularly in parts of the developing world, and is increasing in incidence. This article reviews the current modalities employed for the diagnosis of HCC, including serum markers, radiological techniques and histological evaluation, and summarises international guidelines for the diagnostic approach to HCC. | Asmaa I Gomaa Shahid A Khan Edward LS Leen Imam Waked Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 44 |
| 10 | Climate change impacts on crop yield,crop water productivity and food security-A review显示文摘这篇论文用产量建模的气候,水和庄稼在庄稼生产率上提供与对气候变化影响的评价有关的文学的全面评论。那个气候变化与更高空间的分辨率建模的在场的存在研究能为未来气候设计向前是一个方法。同时,超过一个气候模型的随机的设计为提供卓见进模型不确定性是必要的以及冒管理策略的风险发展。水可获得性将在世界的一些部分增加,这被投射,它将在水使用效率和水分配上有它的自己的效果。如果灌溉区域被扩展或灌溉被加强,庄稼生产能增加,但是这些可以增加环境降级的率。因而,自从土壤水上的变化影响平衡的气候,将导致土壤蒸发和植物蒸发的变化庄稼生长时期可以在影响水生产率的未来弄短。气候变化影响的庄稼收益被投射在各种各样的区域不同,在庄稼收益将增加的一些区域,并且为另外的区域,它将减少取决于区域和灌溉申请的纬度。存在建模结果证明降水的增加将增加庄稼产量,并且而且,收割产量比温度对降水更敏感。如果水可获得性以后被减少,当维持庄稼产量时,保持能力的高水位线的土壤将更好减少干旱的影响。与增加的温度和降水变化,水可获得性和庄稼生产是可能的以后减少。如果灌溉区域被扩展,全部的庄稼生产将增加;然而,食物和环境质量可以降级。 | Yinhong Kang Shahbaz Khan Xiaoyi Ma | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，12： | 45 |
| 11 | Crop Breeding Chips and Genotyping Platforms: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives显示文摘在为基因在领域庄稼和树印射和发现的分子的标记试金的开发和应用程序有一个很快升起的趋势。因此 ? 远,超过 50 个 SNP 数组和 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS ) 的 15 种不同类型平台在超过 25 庄稼种类和长期的树被开发了。然而,少得多努力在为引起程序使用开发 ultra-high-throughput 和划算的 genotyping 平台上被作了。在这评论,我们在存在 SNP 数组和 GBS 技术和策略讨论科学瓶颈开发指向的平台为收割分子的繁殖。我们建议实际繁殖平台应该采用的那未来自动化了 genotyping 技术,任何一个数组或定序基于,目标 ? 功能的多型性 underpinning 经济特点,并且为量的特点提供理想的预言精确性,用在在庄稼的宽基因背景下面的通用应用程序。如此的平台的发展在庄稼植物由于大遗传型显型差距由于费用低效率,和知识水平在工艺的水平面对严肃的挑战。如此的 genotyping 平台将在考虑在主要庄稼在下一十年里被完成,这被期望?(a)快速的开发?在重要特点的基因发现,(b)通过新分析模型和人口图案加深了量的特点的理解,导致基因和为重要繁殖特点负责的小径的鉴定的多层的 -omics 数据的(c)集成,和在大规模 genotyping 的费用有效性的(d)改进。庄稼繁殖芯片和 genotyping 平台将提供崭新的机会与减轻气候变化的效果的需要的收益潜力,质量,和提高的改编加速栽培变种的开发。 | Awais Rasheed Yuanfeng Hao Xianchun Xia Awais Khan Yunbi Xu Rajeev K. Varshney Zh-onghu He | 2017 | Molecular Plant2017，10，8： | 42 |
| 12 | Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a important health problem that induces ernestful complications and it causes significant morbidity owing to specific microvascular complications such as, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as, ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. It can affect children, young people and adults and isbecoming more common. Ocular complications associated with DM are progressive and rapidly becoming the world's most significant cause of morbidity and are preventable with early detection and timely treatment. This review provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathy and papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface diseases. | Nihat Sayin Necip Kara G?khan Pekel | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，1： | 38 |
| 13 | 多尺度特征融合空洞卷积ResNet遥感图像建筑物分割显示文摘针对传统建筑物提取方法难以有效描述遥感图像细节特征,导致复杂场景下道路、树木及建筑物之间分割边界不清晰等问题,提出了一种基于多尺度特征融合空洞卷积ResNet(Multiscale-feature Fusion Dilated Convolution ResNet,MFDC-ResNet)模型。首先,为了获取遥感图像建筑物更大范围的特征信息,在深度残差网络中引入空洞卷积增大特征提取的感受野,以捕捉更丰富的多尺度细节特征;其次,为了增强空洞卷积中心点对图像局部区域特征的表达能力,利用3×3卷积核提取遥感图像的中心点区域特征,引入更多的中心点空间先验信息;最后,利用空间金字塔池化模型对不同尺度空洞卷积特征进行融合,获取不同尺度的遥感图像建筑物的上下文信息。在WHU遥感图像数据集上的实验表明,平均交并比mIoU达到0.820,召回率Recall达到0.882。提出算法不仅提高了分割精度,而且有效克服了道路、树木等因素的干扰,得到了较清晰的建筑物边界。 | 徐胜军 欧阳朴衍 郭学源 Taha Muthar Khan 段中兴 | 2020 | 光学精密工程2020，28，7： | 37 |
| 14 | A comparative review of HLA associations with hepatitis Band C viral infections across global populations显示文摘Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immigration and globalization have added to the challenges of public health concerns regarding chronic HBV and HCV infections worldwide. The aim of this study is to review existing global literature across ethnic populations on HBV and HCV related human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations in relation to susceptibility, viral persistence and treatment. Extensive literature search was conducted to explore the HLA associations in HBV and HCV infections reported across global populations over the past decade to understand the knowledge status, weaknesses and strengths of this information in different ethnic populations. HLA DR13 is consistently associated with HBV clearance globally. HLADRB1*11/*12 alleles and DQB1*0301 are associated with HBV persistence but with HCV clearance worldwide. Consistent association of DRB1*03 and *07 is observed with HCV susceptibility and non-responsiveness to HBV vaccination across the population. HLA DR13 is protective for vertical HBV and HCV transmission in Chinese and Italian neonates, but different alleles are associated with their susceptibility in these populations. HLA class Ⅰmolecule interactions with Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) of natural killer (NK) cells modulate HCV infection outcome via regulating immune regulatory cells and molecules. HLA associations with HBV vaccination, interferon therapy in HBV and HCV, and with extra hepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis are also discussed. Systematic studies in compliance with global regulatory standards are required to identify the HLA specific viral epitope, stage specific T cell populations interacting with different HLA alleles during disease progression and viral clearance of chronic HBV or HCV infections among different ethnic populations. These studies would facilitate stage specific therapeutic strategies for clearance of HBV and HCV infections or co-infections across global populations and aid in identification of HBV-HCV combined vaccine. HLA associations of chronic HBV or HCV development with confounding host factors including alcohol, drug abuse, insulin resistance, age and gender are lacking and warrant detailed investigation across global populations. | Rashmi Singh Rashmi Kaul Anil Kaul Khalid Khan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，12： | 31 |
| 15 | Systematic Geometric Error Modeling for Workspace Volumetric Calibration of a 5-axis Turbine Blade Grinding Machine显示文摘A systematic geometric model has been presented for calibration of a newly designed 5-axis turbine blade grinding machine.This machine is designed to serve a specific purpose to attain high accuracy and high efficiency grinding of turbine blades by eliminating the hand grinding process.Although its topology is RPPPR(P:prismatic;R:rotary),its design is quite distinct from the competitive machine tools.As error quantification is the only way to investigate,maintain and improve its accuracy,calibration is recommended for its performance assessment and acceptance testing.Systematic geometric error modeling technique is implemented and 52 position dependent and position independent errors are identified while considering the machine as five rigid bodies by eliminating the set-up errors of workpiece and cutting tool.39 of them are found to have influential errors and are accommodated for finding the resultant effect between the cutting tool and the workpiece in workspace volume.Rigid body kinematics techniques and homogenous transformation matrices are used for error synthesis. | Abdul Wahid Khan | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2010，23，5： | 29 |
| 16 | Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ Helicobacter pylori infection status and their impact on gastrin and pepsinogen level in a gastric cancer prevalent area显示文摘BACKGROUND Type I Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection causes severe gastric inflammation and is a predisposing factor for gastric carcinogenesis.However,its infection status in stepwise gastric disease progression in this gastric cancer prevalent area has not been evaluated;it is also not known its impact on commonly used epidemiological gastric cancer risk markers such as gastrin-17(G-17)and pepsinogens(PGs)during clinical practice.AIM To explore the prevalence of type I and type II H.pylori infection status and their impact on G-17 and PG levels in clinical practice.METHODS Thirty-five hundred and seventy-two hospital admitted patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were examined,and 523 patients were enrolled in this study.H.pylori infection was confirmed by both 13C-urea breath test and serological assay.Patients were divided into non-atrophic gastritis(NAG),nonatrophic gastritis with erosion(NAGE),chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG),peptic ulcers(PU)and gastric cancer(GC)groups.Their serological G-17,PG I and PG II values and PG I/PG II ratio were also measured.RESULTS A total H.pylori infection rate of 3572 examined patients was 75.9%,the infection rate of 523 enrolled patients was 76.9%,among which type I H.pylori infection accounted for 72.4%(291/402)and type II was 27.6%;88.4%of GC patients were H.pylori positive,and 84.2%of them were type I infection,only 11.6%of GC patients were H.pylori negative.Infection rates of type I H.pylori in NAG,NAGE,CAG,PU and GC groups were 67.9%,62.7%,79.7%,77.6%and 84.2%,respectively.H.pylori infection resulted in significantly higher G-17 and PG II values and decreased PG I/PG II ratio.Both types of H.pylori induced higher G-17 level,but type I strain infection resulted in an increased PG II level and decreased PG I/PG II ratio in NAG,NAGE and CAG groups over uninfected controls.Overall PG I levels showed no difference among all disease groups and in the presence or absence of H.pylori;in stratified analysis,its level was increased in GC and PU patients in H.pylori and type I H.pylori-positive groups.CONCLUSION Type I H.pylori infection is the major form of infection in this geographic region,and a very low percentage(11.6%)of GC patients are not infected by H.pylori.Both types of H.pylori induce an increase in G-17 level,while type I H.pylori is the major strain that affects PG I and PG IIs level and PG I/PG II ratio in stepwise chronic gastric disease.The data provide insights into H.pylori infection status and indicate the necessity and urgency for bacteria eradication and disease prevention in clinical practice. | Lin Yuan Jun-Bo Zhao Ying-Lei Zhou Ya-Bin Qi Qiong-Ya Guo Hai-Hui Zhang Muhammad Noman Khan Ling Lan Chang-He Jia Yan-Rui Zhang Song-Ze Ding | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，25： | 29 |
| 17 | Soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure with different application rates of Cd and Pb显示文摘This study focused on the changes of soil microbial diversity and potential inhibitory effects of heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities at different application rates of Cd andor Pb. The soil used for experiments was collected from Beijing and classified as endoaquepts. Pots containing 500 g of the soil with different Cd andor Pb application rates were incubated for a period of 0, 2, 9, 12 weeks in a glasshouse and the soil samples were analyzed for individual enzymes, including catalase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, and the changes of microbial community structure. Results showed that heavy metals slightly inhibited the enzymatic activities in all the samples spiked with heavy metals. The extent of inhibition increased significantly with increasing level of heavy metals, and varied with the incubation periods. The soil bacterial community structure, as determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, was different in the contaminated samples as compared to the control. The highest community change was observed in the samples amended with high level of Cd. Positive correlations were observed among the three enzymatic activities, but negative correlations were found between the amounts of the heavy metals and the enzymatic activities. | KHAN Sardar CAO Qing HESHAM Abd El-Latif XIA Yue HE Ji-zheng | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2007，19，7： | 28 |
| 18 | Hepatitis B virus genotypes:an overview显示文摘BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally.The quest continues to identify viral factors that influence disease progression and severity as well as responses to treatment of HBV infection.Based on variations in HBV,the virus has been divided into a number of genotypes. DATA SOURCES:Review of published literature on HBV genotypes. RESULTS:HBV genotypes are likely to be important in determining the severity and progression of HBV-induced liver disease as well as responses to different anti-viral agents. CONCLUSION:Although HBV genotyping is not yet recommended for routine use in treating HBV infection, available data suggest that,as in hepatitis C virus infection, HBV genotyping is also likely to become a routine investigation for HBV treatment,perhaps in the not too distant future. | Mamun-Al Mahtab Salimur Rahman Mobin Khan Fazal Karim | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，5： | 25 |
| 19 | Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network in cancer显示文摘The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway is a frequently hyperactivated pathway in cancer and is important for tumor cell growth and survival. The development of targeted therapies against mTOR, a vital substrate along this pathway, led to the approval of allosteric inhibitors, including everolimus and temsirolimus, for the treatment of breast, renal, and pancreatic cancers. However, the suboptimal duration of response in unselected patients remains an unresolved issue. Numerous novel therapies against critical nodes of this pathway are therefore being actively investigated in the clinic in multiple tumour types. In this review, we focus on the progress of these agents in clinical development along with their biological rationale, the need of predictive biomarkers and various combination strategies, which will be useful in counteracting the mechanisms of resistance to this class of drugs. | Khurum H. Khan Timothy A. Yap Li Yan David Cunningham | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，5： | 25 |
| 20 | 陕北黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳剖面分布特征显示文摘黄土高原土层深厚,土壤剖面碳存储受土地利用方式影响明显.为探讨不同土地利用方式对深层土壤碳分布的影响,研究了人工经济林地(陕北米脂)、退耕还林地(神木)和防风固沙林地(榆林榆阳区)0~20.0 m土壤有机碳(SOC)和无机碳(SIC)的分布特征和差异.结果表明,在不同土地利用方式下SOC含量:矮化枣树(2.00 g·kg^(-1))>未矮化枣树(1.54 g·kg^(-1))>柠条林(0.97 g·kg^(-1))>退化人工草地(0.81 g·kg^(-1))>樟子松林(0.70 g·kg^(-1))>荒草地(0.45 g·kg^(-1)),且各剖面之间SOC含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05).在不同土地利用方式下SIC含量:矮化枣树(11.66 g·kg^(-1))≥未矮化枣树(11.59g·kg^(-1))>柠条林(9.62 g·kg^(-1))>退化人工草地(8.07 g·kg^(-1))>樟子松林(4.32 g·kg^(-1))>荒草地(0.47 g·kg^(-1));人工经济林和退耕还林(草)样地内所有土壤剖面之间SIC含量无显著性差异;人工经济林、退耕还林(草)剖面和防风固沙林地剖面SIC含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05).矮化枣树、未矮化枣树、柠条林、退化人工草地、樟子松林和荒草地土壤剖面无机碳密度分别是有机碳密度的6.19、7.71、10.80、10.78、5.91和1.03倍.综上可见,不同土地利用方式之间土壤碳储量存在明显差异,无机碳的含量远高于有机碳. | 兰志龙 赵英 张建国 李会杰 司炳成 焦瑞 Muhammad Numan Khan Tanveer Ali Sial | 2018 | 环境科学2018，39，1： | 25 |
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