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| 1 | 美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网血管性认知障碍统一标准显示文摘背景和目的:1/3的个体会罹患卒中和(或)痴呆,而且,除卒中或痴呆外,2倍于此数的人会出现认知障碍。常用的卒中量表并不能评价认知功能,而痴呆的诊断标准则集中在认知障碍的晚期阶段,且在很大程度上偏向Alzheimer病(AD)的诊断。尚缺乏普遍公认的标准用于识别和描述存在认知障碍的个体,尤其是在早期阶段,而且特别是与血管因素有关的认知障碍或血管性认知障碍。方法:美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所(MINDS)与加拿大卒中网(CSN)召集临床诊断、流行病学、神经心理学、脑影像学、神经病理学、试验模型、生物标记物、遗传学和临床试验方面的研究人员,为血管性认知障碍的描述和研究推荐一些最低限度的常用的临床和研究标准。结果:将这些讨论的结果发表于此。结论:一个统一标准的制定代表着使用、确认和改进过程中的第一步。使用相同的标准将有助于在认知障碍的早期阶段识别患者,使不同的研究具有可比性,并且通过整合知识来加速研究进展的步伐。 | Vladimir Hachinski Costantino Iadecola Ron C.Petersen Monique M.Breteler David L.Nyenhuis Sandra E.Black William J.Powers Charles DeCarli Jose G.Merino Raj N.Kalaria Harry V.Vinters David M.Holtzman Gary A.Rosenberg Martin Dichgans John R.Marler Gabrielle G.Leblanc 李焰生(译) 俞羚(译) 高枚春(译) 张静芳(译) 熊昕丽(译) 邹静(译) 林岩(译) 潘元美(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，1： | 63 |
| 2 | 中国的噪声性听力损害是一个潜在严重的公众健康问题显示文摘听力损失和耳鸣是长期噪声暴露的最常见的后果,它是大多数发展中国家将面临的严重健康问题。快速的工业化进程与人们生活方式的改变使得我国对噪声暴露和噪声诱发听力损失(NIHL)越来越关注。然而我国对NI-HL的研究仍然有限。本文回顾了我国噪声暴露及NIHL的研究,讨论了其对我国人口的影响,以及Dangerous Deci-bels?等研究模型在我国有效应用的可能性,以呼吁加强对我国公民(特别是年轻人)关于NIHL及其预防措施的科普教育工作,并提出语言文化对国际信息传播和行为干预方面的影响。 | 石勇兵 William Hal Martin 隋音 张晶平 | 2016 | 中华耳科学杂志2016，14，6： | 30 |
| 3 | Performance characterization of Ni60-WC coating on steel processed with supersonic laser deposition显示文摘Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding. | Fang LUO Andrew COCKBURN Martin SPARKES Rocco LUPOI Zhi-jun CHEN William O'NEILL Jian-hua YAO Rong LIU | 2015 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2015，11，1： | 11 |
| 4 | Hardfacing steel with nanostructured coatings of Stellite-6 by supersonic laser deposition显示文摘The ability to manufacture coatings is critical to engineering design. Many components require the application of additional layers toenhance mechanical properties and protect against hostile environments. Supersonic laser deposition (SLD) is a novel coating methodbased on cold spray (CS) principles. In this technique, the deposition velocities can be significantly lower than those required foreffective bonding in CS applications. The addition of laser heat energy permits a change in the thermodynamic experience of impactingparticles, thereby offering a greater opportunity for efficient bonding at lower velocities as compared with the CS process. The workreported in this paper demonstrates the ability of the SLD process to deliver hardfacing materials to engineering surfaces. Stellite-6 hasbeen deposited on low-carbon steel tubes over a range of process parameters to establish the appropriate target power and traversespeeds for the coating formation. The coating properties and parameters were examined to determine the primary characteristics andgrain structure size. Their morphology and performance were studied through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurements and wear testing. The results have shown that SLD is capable of depositing layers ofStellite-6, with properties that are superior to those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts. | Rocco Lupoi Andrew Cockburn Chris Bryan Martin Sparkes Fang Luo William O’Neill | 2012 | Light(Science & Applications)2012，1，1： | 8 |
| 5 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 6 | A meta-analysis of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and clinical outcomes in pulmonary hypertension显示文摘 | King Sum Luk Christina Ip Meng-Qi GONG Sunny Hei WONG William KK Wu Mei DONG Guang-Ping LI Ka Pang Chan Yi-Mei DU Tong LIU Martin CS Wong David Shu Cheong Hui Gary Tse | 2017 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2017，14，12： | 5 |
| 7 | A comparison of survival and pathologic features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C virus patients with hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To compare the clinical outcome and pathologic features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hepatitic C virus(HCV) patients with HCC(another group in which HCC is commonly seen) undergoing liver transplantation.METHODS:Patients transplanted for HCV and NASH at our institution from January 2000 to April 2011 were analyzed.All explanted liver histology and pre-transplant liver biopsies were examined by two specialist liver histopathologists.Patient demographics,disease free survival,explant liver characteristics and HCC features(tumour number,cumulative tumour size,vascular invasion and differentiation) were compared between HCV and NASH liver transplant recipients.RESULTS:A total of 102 patients with NASH and 283 patients with HCV were transplanted.The incidence of HCC in NASH transplant recipients was 16.7%(17/102).The incidence of HCC in HCV transplant recipients was 22.6%(64/283).Patients with NASH-HCC were statistically older than HCV-HCC patients(P < 0.001).A significantly higher proportion of HCV-HCC patients had vascular invasion(23.4% vs 6.4%,P = 0.002) and poorly differentiated HCC(4.7% vs 0%,P < 0.001) compared to the NASH-HCC group.A trend of poorer recurrence free survival at 5 years was seen in HCV-HCC patients compared to NASH-HCC who underwent a Liver transplantation(P = 0.11).CONCLUSION:Patients transplanted for NASH-HCC appear to have less aggressive tumour features compared to those with HCV-HCC,which likely in part accounts for their improved recurrence free survival. | Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro Kris P Croome Martin Drage Nathalie Sela Jeremy Parfitt Natasha Chandok Paul Marotta Cheryl Dale William Wall Douglas Quan | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，31： | 5 |
| 8 | Living in a High Mountain Border Region:the Case of the'Bhotiyas'of the Indo-Chinese Border Region显示文摘This article introduces one of South Asia's most important border regions into academic discourse, namely, the Central Himalayan mountain rim separating India and the Tibetan Autonomous Region (People's Republic of China). What makes this border region so interesting is a tangled interplay of changing environmental, cultural, and political forms to which the local populations constantly have to adapt in order to make a living there. We focused on the so-called 'Bhotiyas' of Uttarakhand, former trans-Himalayan traders whose ethnicity and livelihood was traditionally associated with the Indo-Chinese border that was sealed as a result of the India-China war in 1962. Drawing on the work of borderland scholarship, we identified the key processes and developments that changed the perspective of this area. Competing political aspirations as well as the 'Bhotiyas' countervailing strategies were considered equally important for understanding local livelihoods and identities within the dynamics of a 'high mountain border region'. Through an exemplary analysis of historical differences of power in one 'Bhotiya' valley, we further explored the ways in which shifting socio-spatial constellations are creatively re-interpreted by the borderlanders. | Christoph Bergmann Martin Gerwin Marcus Nüsser William S.Sax | 2008 | Journal of Mountain Science2008，5，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Quantitative and qualitative in vitro analysis of the stem cell potential of hematopoietic cells purified from murine skeletal muscle显示文摘鼠科的骨胳的肌肉包含造血的干细胞,而是这个潜力到目前为止没被学习份量上或品质上试管内。确定造血的干细胞潜力,我们在 long-termculture 开始使用了高度净化的 SP/CD45 (+) 房间房间(LTC-IC ) 试金。从鼠科的肌肉净化的 SP/CD45 (+) 房间人口被发现从肌肉与 1/640 .Single-cell-sorted SP/CD45 (+) 房间的 LTC-IC 频率举办重要干细胞活动在白天 16 点的展出柔韧的 proliferative 活动试管内(380 褶层扩大) ,特别在有 OP-9 层的文化以后,那也支持胚胎的干细胞。放大房间人口与 myeloid 的证据从单个房间 exhibitedmultilineage 区别能力发源,淋巴并且 NK 房间标记。因此,我们的结果证明能被 LTC-IC 试金确定的造血的干细胞第一次也在鼠科的骨胳的肌肉和表演存在,在单个房间的水平,这些房间展出多行的年龄区别能力和主要 proliferative 潜力。 | Celine Haond Frangoise Farace Martine Guillier Yann Lecluse Frederic Mazurier William Vainchenker Ali G Turhan | 2007 | Cell Research2007，17，9： | 4 |
| 10 | Deep Brain Stimulation──A new treatment for tinnitus显示文摘Intractable tinnitus can lead to serious consequences. Study evidence indicates that the central nervous system is involved in generation and maintenance of chronic tinnitus and that tinnitus and other neurologic symptoms such as chronic pain may share similar mechanisms. Brain ablation and stimulation are used to treat chronic pain with success. Recent studies showed that ablation and stimulation in non-auditory areas resulted in tinnitus improvement. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an alternative treatment for intractable tinnitus and deserves further study. | William Hal Martin | 2007 | Journal of Otology2007，2，1： | 4 |
| 11 | 消融的冰川:加拿大班夫国家公园亚高山带鲍湖中持久性有机氯的主要来源显示文摘有机氯杀虫剂和多氯联苯(PCB)是环境中普遍而稳固的化合物。现已查明,由于它们从温暖的地区逐渐蒸发出来,并在较冷的地区凝聚下来,因而它们富集在寒冷的环境中。在本研究中,我们的结果是,消融的冰川供给阿尔伯达亚高山带湖泊中的有机氯输入量为50%~97%,而提供的水量为73%。对氚的分析结果表明,在夏季的中、晚期,至少10%的冰川消融物是在1950~1970年期间沉积下来的,这期间它受到有机氯更多的污染。这一发现表明,气候变暖可能会使消融的冰川成为日益增多的淡水污染物来源。由于有机物贫乏的冰川粘土对多氯联苯这样的疏水化合物的吸附能力有限,因此冰川水流带来的有机氯大多呈溶解状态。 | Jules M. Blais David W. Schindler Derek C. G. Muir Martin Sharp David Donald MelissaLafrenière Eric Braekevelt William M. J. Strachan 周立志 | 2001 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2001，30，7： | 4 |
| 12 | Characteristics of Stellite 6 Deposited by Supersonic Laser Deposition Under Optimized Parameters显示文摘Stellite 6 powders were deposited on low carbon steel using SLD (supersonic laser deposition) under optimized parameters. The structure, line scan of elements and porosity of coating were examined and analyzed using SEM (scanning electron microscope), OM (optical microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The adhesion strength between coating and substrate was tested by PAT-ADHESION/TENSILE and E900STM adhesive. The results showed the deposition characteristics of optimized coating with N2 at a pressure of 3.0 MPa, a temperature of 450 ℃ and a laser power of 1.5 kW were compared with those of Stellite 6 coating deposited by the HVOF (high velocity oxygen fuel). | LUO Fang Lupoi Rocco Cockburn Andrew Sparkes Martin O'neill William YAO Jian-hua | 2013 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2013，20，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Uptake and mitochondrial dysfunction of alpha-synuclein in human astrocytes, cortical neurons and fibroblasts显示文摘The accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)in several tissue including the brain is a major pathological hallmark in Parkinson’s disease(PD).In this study,we show that α-syn can be taken up by primary human cortical neurons,astrocytes and skin-derived fibroblasts in vitro.Our findings that brain and peripheral cells exposed to α-syn can lead to impaired mitochondrial function,leading to cellular degeneration and cell death,provides additional evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism of toxicity of α-syn in human cells. | Nady Braidy Wei-Ping Gai Ying Hua Xu Perminder Sachdev Gilles J Guillemin Xing-Mai Jiang J William O Ballard Martin P Horan Zhi Ming Fang Beng H Chong Daniel Kam Yin Chan | 2013 | Translational Neurodegeneration2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 14 | MAMMALIAN CASPASES: Structure, Activation, Substrates, and Functions During Apoptosis显示文摘 | William C. Earnshaw Luis M. Martins Scott H. Kaufmann | 1999 | Annual Review of Biochemistry1999，，： | 3 |
| 15 | Suppression of tumour-specific CD4+ T cells by regulatory T cells is associated with progression of human colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Gareth Betts Emma Jones Syed Junaid Tariq El-Shanawany Martin Scurr Paul Mizen Mayur Kumar Sion Jones Brian Rees Geraint Williams Awen Gallimore Andrew Godkin | 2012 | Gut2012，，8： | 3 |
| 16 | GPS+GLONASS组合测量显示文摘最近人们开始讨论把GPS和GLONASS组合起来以扩大测量应用的可行性问题,主要是因为对这两种卫星系统的数据组合起来时会遇到技术上的挑战。本文将向您表明GPS+GLONASS技术能够为测量带来显著优势,这些优势包括大大增加卫星可用性和定位可靠性,而且提高作业效率又不降低精度,并能获得与当前GPS系统相同的精度。WiliamMartin等用该设备采集了数据并给出了实际结果。 | William Martin Jonathan Ladd | 1999 | 测绘通报1999，，6： | 3 |
| 17 | Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artemisinin-based combination treatments on uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria-associated anaemia in Nigerian children during seven years of adoption as first-line treatments显示文摘Background:Artemisinin-based combination treatments(ACTs)are the first-line treatments of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many endemic areas but there are few evaluation of their efficacy in anaemic malarious children.Methods:Therapeutic efficacy of 3-day regimens of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine was evaluated in 437 anaemic and 909 non-anaemic malarious children following treatment during a seven-year period(2008-2014).Patterns of temporal changes in haematocrit were classified based on haematocrit values<30%and≥30%.Kinetics of the disposition of the deficit in haematocrit from 30%following treatment were evaluated using a non-compartment model.Results:PCR-corrected parasitological efficacy 28 days after start of treatment was significantly higher in artesunateamodiaquine-compared to artemether-lumefantrine-treated children[97%(95%CI:92.8-100)versus 96.4%(95%CI:91.3-99.4),P=0.02],but it was similar in non-anaemic and anaemic children.Fall in haematocrit/1000 asexual parasites cleared from peripheral blood was significantly greater at lower compared to higher parasitaemias(P<0.0001),and in non-anaemic compared to anaemic children(P=0.007).In anaemic children at presentation,mean anaemia recovery time(AnRT)was 15.4 days(95%CI:13.3-17.4)and it did not change over the years.Declines in haematocrit deficits from 30%were monoexponential with mean estimated half-time of 1.4 days(95%CI:1.2-1.6).Anaemia half-time(t_(1/2anaemia))correlated positively with AnRT in the same patients(r=0.69,P<0.0001).Bland-Altman analysis of 10 multiples of t_(1/2anaemia) and AnRT showed narrow limit of agreement with insignificant bias(P=0.07)suggesting both can be used interchangeably in the same patients.Conclusions:Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine remain efficacious treatments of uncomplicated P.falciparum infections in non-anaemic and anaemic Nigerian children in the last 7 years of adoption as first-line treatments.These ACTs may also conserve haematocrit at high parasitaemias and in anaemic children.Trials registration:Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201508001188143,3 July 2015;PACTR201510001189370,3 July 2015;PACTR201508001191898,7 July 2015 and PACTR201508001193368,8 July 2015. | Akintunde Sowunmi Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Adejumoke I.Ayede Folasade O.Ibironke Temitope Aderoyeje Elsie O.Adewoye Bayo Fatunmbi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Ismaila Watila Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian T.Happi | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 18 | A Multicenter Analysis of Distal Pancreatectomy for Adenocarcinoma: Is Laparoscopic Resection Appropriate?显示文摘 | David A. Kooby William G. Hawkins C. Max Schmidt Sharon M. Weber David J. Bentrem Theresa W. Gillespie Johnita Byrd Sellers Nipun B. Merchant Charles R. Scoggins Robert C.G. Martin Hong Jin Kim Syed Ahmad Clifford S. Cho Alexander A. Parikh Carrie K. Chu | 2010 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2010，，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Metals emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with advanced PM and NO X emission controls显示文摘 | Shaohua Hu Jorn D. Herner Martin Shafer William Robertson James J. Schauer Harry Dwyer John Collins Tao Huai Alberto Ayala | 2009 | Atmospheric Environment2009，，18： | 2 |
| 20 | Low virological response and high relapse rates in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with advanced fibrosis despite adequate therapeutic dosing显示文摘 | Wendy S.C. Cheng Stuart K. Roberts Geoffrey McCaughan William Sievert Martin Weltman Darrell Crawford William Rawlinson Philippa S. Marks James Thommes Bishoy Rizkalla Motoko Yoshihara Gregory J Dore | 2010 | Journal of Hepatology2010，，4： | 2 |
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