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| 1 | The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP显示文摘In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment. | ShuangNan Zhang Andrea Santangelo Marco Feroci YuPeng Xu FangJun Lu Yong Chen Hua Feng Shu Zhang Sφren Brandt Margarita Hernanz Luca Baldini Enrico Bozzo Riccardo Campana Alessandra De Rosa YongWei Dong Yuri Evangelista Vladimir Karas Norbert Meidinger Aline Meuris Kirpal Nandra Teng Pan Giovanni Pareschi Piotr Orleanski QiuShi Huang Stephane Schanne Giorgia Sironi Daniele Spiga Jiri Svoboda Gianpiero Tagliaferri Christoph Tenzer Andrea Vacchi Silvia Zane Dave Walton ZhanShan Wang Berend Winter Xin Wu Jean J.M.in't Zand Mahdi Ahangarianabhari Giovanni Ambrosi Filippo Ambrosino Marco Barbera Stefano Basso Jörg Bayer Ronaldo Bellazzini Pierluigi Bellutti Bruna Bertucci Giuseppe Bertuccio Giacomo Borghi XueLei Cao Franck Cadoux Francesco Ceraudo TianXiang Chen Yu Peng Chen Jerome Chevenez Marta Civitani Wei Cui WeiWei Cui Thomas Dauser Ettore Del Monte Sergio Di Cosimo Sebastian Diebold Victor Doroshenko Michal Dovciak YuanYuan Du Lorenzo Ducci QingMei Fan Yannick Favre Fabio Fuschino JoséLuis Ga'lvez Min Gao MingYu Ge Olivier Gevin Marco Grassi QuanYing Gu YuDong Gu DaWei Han Bin Hong Wei Hu Long Ji ShuMei Jia WeiChun Jiang Thomas Kennedy Ingo Kreykenbohm Irfan Kuvvetli Claudio Labanti Luca Latronico Gang Li MaoShun Li Xian Li Wei Li ZhengWei Li Olivier Limousin HongWei Liu XiaoJing Liu Bo Lu Tao Luo Daniele Macera Piero Malcovati Adrian Martindale Malgorzata Michalska Bin Meng Massimo Minuti Alfredo Morbidini Fabio Muleri Stephane Paltani Emanuele Perinati Antonino Picciotto Claudio Piemonte JinLu Qu Alexandre Rachevski Irina Rashevskaya Jerome Rodriguez Thomas Schanz ZhengXiang Shen LiZhi Sheng JiangBo Song LiMing Song Carmelo Sgro Liang Sun Ying Tan Phil Uttley Bo Wang DianLong Wang GuoFeng Wang Juan Wang LangPing Wang YuSa Wang Anna L.Watts XiangYang Wen Jörn Wilms ShaoLin Xiong JiaWei Yang Sheng Yang YanJi Yang Nian Yu WenDa Zhang Gianluigi Zampa Nicola Zampa Andrzej A.Zdziarski AiMei Zhang ChengMo Zhang Fan Zhang Long Zhang Tong Zhang Yi Zhang XiaoLi Zhang ZiLiang Zhang BaoSheng Zhao ShiJie Zheng Yu Peng Zhou Nicola Zorzi J.Frans Zwart | 2019 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019，62，2： | 11 |
| 2 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 3 | IL-6 trans-signaling promotes pancreatitis-associated lung injury and lethality显示文摘 | Zhang Hong Neuh?fer Patrick Song Liang Rabe Bj?rn Lesina Marina Kurkowski Magdalena U Treiber Matthias Wartmann Thomas Regnér Sara Thorlacius Henrik Saur Dieter Weirich Gregor Yoshimura Akihiko Halangk Walter Mizgerd Joseph P Schmid Roland | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2013，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Depression and vascular disease:what is the relationship显示文摘 | Thomas AJ Kalaria RN O'Brien JT | 2004 | J Affect Disord2004，79，13： | 1 |
| 5 | Lack of Association Between the MEF2A Gene and Myocardial Infarction显示文摘 | Wolfgang Lieb Bj?rn Mayer Inke R. K?nig Iris Borwitzky Anika G?tz Silke Kain Christian Hengstenberg Patrick Linsel-Nitschke Marcus Fischer Angela D?ring H -Erich Wichmann Thomas Meitinger Reinhold Kreutz Andreas Ziegler Heribert Schunkert Jeanette Erdmann | 2008 | Circulation2008，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Translational aspects of rectal evoked potentials: a comparative study in rats and humans显示文摘 | Thomas Dahl Nissen Christina Brock Carina Graversen Steven J. Coen Leif Hultin Qasim Aziz Jens Lykkesfeldt Asbj?rn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology2013，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Accumulation and metabolism of the anticancer flavonoid 5,7-dimethoxyflavone compared to its unmethylated analog chrysin in the Atlantic killifish显示文摘 | Tsuji PA Winn RN Thomas Walle | 2006 | Chem Biol Interact2006，164，： | 1 |
| 8 | A note on the search for k elements via quantum walk显示文摘 | Sebastian Drn Thomas Thierauf | 2010 | Information Processing Letters2010，110，97： | 1 |
| 9 | Orlistat maintainsbiliary lipid composition and hepatobiliary function in obese subjects undergoing moderate weigt 1oss显示文摘 | Thomas E Tmuiuot Daniel G Pace Carol McKinley RN eta1 | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of acupuncture on skin and muscle blood flow in healthy subjects显示文摘 | Margareta Sandberg Thomas Lundeberg Lars-G?ran Lindberg Bj?rn Gerdle | 2003 | European Journal of Applied Physiology (-)2003，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Neuropathological evidence for ischemia in the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in late-life depression显示文摘 | Thomas AJ Perry R Kalaria RN | 2003 | Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2003，18，1： | 1 |
| 12 | A neuropathological study of vascular factors in late-life depression显示文摘 | Thomas AJ Ferrier I N Kalaria RN | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 13 | Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Importance of Tissue ACE: A Consensus Report显示文摘 | Victor J. Dzau Kenneth Bernstein David Celermajer Jerome Cohen Bj?rn Dahl?f John Deanfield Javier Diez Helmut Drexler Roberto Ferrari Wiek van Gilst Lennart Hansson Burkhard Hornig Ahsan Husain Colin Johnston Harold Lazar Eva Lonn Thomas Lüscher John Manc | 2002 | Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy2002，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Indications for and Outcomes After Combined Lung and Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience on 13 Consecutive Cases显示文摘 | Gerrit Grannas Michael Neipp Marius M. Hoeper Jens Gottlieb Rainer Lück Thomas Becker Andre Simon Christian P. Strassburg Michael P. Manns Tobias Welte Axel Haverich Jürgen Klempnauer Bj?rn Nashan Martin Strueber | 2008 | Transplantation2008，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Residues and disappearance of triforine from various crops显示文摘 | John BB Thomas RN Dietrich E | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Neuropathological evidence for ischemia in the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in late-life depression 显示文摘 | Thomas A J Perry R Kalaria RN | 2003 | Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2003，18，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Accumulation and metabolism ofthe anticancer flavonoid 5,7-dimethoxyflavone compared to its unmethylated analog chrysin in the Atlantic killifish显示文摘 | Tsuji PA Winn RN Thomas Walle | 2006 | Chem-Biol Interact2006，164，： | 1 |
| 18 | Scandinavian multicenter study on the safety and feasibility of the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy procedure显示文摘 | B?rd I. R?sok Bergthor Bj?rnsson Ernesto Sparrelid Kristina Hasselgren Ewa Pomianowska Thomas Gasslander Bj?rn Atle Bj?rnbeth Bengt Isaksson Per Sandstr?m | 2015 | Surgery2015，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Mineralocorticold Hypertension:Common and Treatable显示文摘 | Thomas R Wilson Merne Wilson RN Thomas W Wilson | 2002 | Perspectives in Cardiology January2002，3340，： | 1 |
| 20 | Evaluation and Reduction of Asymptomatic Cerebral Embolism in Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation, But High Prevalence of Chronic Silent Infarction: Results of the Evaluation of Reduction of Asymptomatic Cerebral Embolism Trial显示文摘 | Atul Verma Philippe Debruyne Stefano Nardi Thomas Deneke Yves DeGreef Stefan Spitzer J?rn O. Balzer Lucas Boersma | 2013 | Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology2013，，5： | 1 |
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