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| 1 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 2 | SPIRIT 2013声明:定义临床研究方案的标准条目显示文摘临床研究方案是临床研究设计、实行、报告和评价的基础。然而,临床研究方案及现存的临床研究方案指引在内容和质量上差异很大。本文描述了《规范临床研究方案内容》(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials 2013 ),简称SPIRIT2013声明,一个临床研究方案必须报告的条目指引的系统建立和范围。 | An-Wen Chan Jennifer M.Tetzlaff Douglas G.Altman Andreas Laupacis Peter C.GΦtzsche Karmela Krleza-Jeri AsbjΦrn Hróbjartsson Howard Mann Kay Dickersin Jesse A.Berlin Caroline J.Doré Wendy R.Parulekar William S.M.Summerskill Trish Groves Kenneth F.Schulz Harold C.Sox Frank W.Rockhold Drummond Rennie David Moher 钟丽丹 郑颂华 吴泰相 李幼平 商洪才 张伯礼 唐旭东 吕爱平 卞兆祥 | 2013 | 中国循证医学杂志2013，13，12： | 23 |
| 3 | Sharing Clinical Trial Data: A Proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors显示文摘The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themselves at risk.In a growing consensus,many funders around the world-foundations,government agencies,and industry-now mandate data sharing.Here,we outline ICMJE's proposed requirements to help meet this obligation.We encourage feedback on the proposed requirements.Anyone can provide feedback at www.icmje.org by April 18,2016. | Darren B Taichman Joyce Backus Christopher Baethge Howard Bauchner Peter W de Leeuw Jeffrey M Drazen John Fletcher Frank Frizelle Irish Groves Abraham Haileamlak Astrid James Christine Laine Larry Peiperl Anja Pinborg Peush Sahni Si-Nan Wu | 2016 | Chinese Medical Journal2016，，2： | 20 |
| 4 | 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-basedmetabonomic study in patients with cirrhosis and hepaticencephalopathy显示文摘AIM: To identify plasma metabolites used as biomarkers in order to distinguish cirrhotics from controls and encephalopathics.METHODS: A clinical study involving stable cirrhotic patients with and without overt hepatic encephalopathy was designed. A control group of healthy volunteers was used. Plasma from those patients was analysed using 1H- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used the Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill sequence to process the sample spectra at ambient probe temperature. We used a gated secondary irradiation field for water signal suppression. Samples were calibrated and referenced using the sodium trimethyl silyl propionate peak at 0.00 ppm. For each sample 128 transients(FID's) were acquired into 32 K complex data points over a spectral width of 6 KHz. 30 degree pulses were applied with an acquisition time of 4.0 s in order to achieve better resolution, followed by a recovery delay of 12 s, to allow for complete relaxation and recovery of the magnetisation. A metabolic profile was created for stable cirrhotic patients without signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy and encephalopathic patients as well as healthy controls. Stepwise discriminant analysis was then used and discriminant factors were created to differentiate between the three groups.RESULTS: Eighteen stabled cirrhotic patients, eighteen patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy and seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly impaired ketone body metabolism, urea synthesis and gluconeogenesis. This was demonstrated by higher concentrations of acetoacetate(0.23 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.00, P < 0.01), and b-hydroxybutarate(0.58 ± 0.14 vs 0.08 ± 0.00, P < 0.01), lower concentrations of glutamine(0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.63 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), histidine(0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.01) and arginine(0.08 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.02, P < 0.03) and higher concentrations of glutamate(1.36 ± 0.25 vs 0.58 ± 0.04, P < 0.01), lactate(1.53 ± 0.11 vs 0.42 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), pyruvate(0.11 ± 0.02 vs 0.03 ± 0.00, P < 0.01) threonine(0.39 ± 0.02 vs 0.08 ± 0.01, P < 0.01) and aspartate(0.37 ± 0.03 vs 0.03 ± 0.01). A five metabolite signature by stepwise discriminant analysis could separate between controls and cirrhotic patients with an accuracy of 98%. In patients with encephalopathy we observed further derangement of ketone body metabolism, impaired production of glycerol and myoinositol, reversal of Fischer's ratio and impaired glutamine production as demonstrated by lower b-hydroxybutyrate(0.58 ± 0.14 vs 0.16 ± 0.02, P < 0.0002), higher acetoacetate(0.23 ± 0.02 vs 0.41 ± 0.16, P < 0.05), leucine(0.33 ± 0.02 vs 0.49 ± 0.05, P < 0.005) and isoleucine(0.12 ± 0.02 vs 0.27 ± 0.02, P < 0.0004) and lower glutamine(0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.013), glycerol(0.53 ± 0.03 vs 0.19 ± 0.02, P < 0.000) and myoinositol(0.36 ± 0.04 vs 0.18 ± 0.02, P < 0.010) concentrations. A four metabolite signature by stepwise discriminant analysis could separate between encephalopathic and cirrhotic patients with an accuracy of 87%.CONCLUSION: Patients with cirrhosis and patients with hepatic encephalopathy exhibit distinct metabolic abnormalities and the use of metabonomics can select biomarkers for these diseases. | Konstantinos John Dabos John Andrew Parkinson Ian Howard Sadler John Nicholas Plevris Peter Clive Hayes | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，12： | 3 |
| 5 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 6 | 长期遥控监测动物血压法的建立及其在高血压鼠中的应用显示文摘目的:建立一个连续长期遥控监测清醒动物血压的方法并能连接传统血压测定系统.方法:将无线电遥测装置经腹腔植入大鼠腹主动脉,血压信号通过桥装置记录,使用自编软件计算机处理.在非高血压WKY大鼠中建立了连续遥控监测血压方法后,观察一组8只清醒高血压大鼠术后2~17周的每周连续24 h的血压.结果:本实验连续遥控监测清醒动物24 h血压期间重复测得的大鼠每周连续24 h血压经统计学检验无显著性差异;收缩压和舒张压总平均值分别为:170±2和115±1mmHg.结论:成功建立了连续长期重复遥控监测清醒高血压大鼠血压的方法. | 郭华阳 李莉 辛辉 Jullie Howard 李琼 华方 Molenaar Peter West Malcolm | 2004 | 心血管康复医学杂志2004，13，6： | 3 |
| 7 | Ability of bone graft substitutes to support the osteoprogenitor cells: An in-vitro study显示文摘AIM: To compare seven commercially available bone graft substitutes(BGS) in terms of these properties and without using any additional biological growth factors.METHODS: Porcine osteoprogenitor cells were loaded on seven commercially available BGS and allowed to proliferate for one week followed by osteogenic induction. Staining for live/dead cells as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was carried out to determine viability and cellular binding. Further outcome measures included alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assays with normalisation for DNA content to quantify osteogenic potential. Negative and positive control experiments were carried out in parallel to validate the results.RESULTS: Live/dead and SEM imaging showed higher viability and attachment with β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) than with other BGS(P < 0.05). The average ALP activity in nmol/mL(normalised value for DNA content in nmol/μg DNA) per sample was 657.58(132.03) for β-TCP, 36.22(unable to normalise) for calcium sulphate, 19.93(11.39) for the Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate composite, 14.79(18.53) for polygraft, 13.98(8.15) for the highly porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate, 5.56(10.0) for polymers, and 3.82(3.8) for Hydroxyapatite.CONCLUSION: Under the above experimental conditions, β-TCP was able to maintain better the viability of osteoprogenitor cells and allow proliferation and differentiation(P < 0.05). | Ziad Dahabreh Michalis Panteli Ippokratis Pountos Mark Howard Peter Campbell Peter V Giannoudis | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，4： | 3 |
| 8 | Consensus Panel Recommendation for Incorporating Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 Testing into Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Guidelines显示文摘 | Michael H. Davidson Marshall A. Corson Mark J. Alberts Jeffrey L. Anderson Philip B. Gorelick Peter H. Jones Amir Lerman Joseph P. McConnell Howard S. Weintraub | 2008 | The American Journal of Cardiology2008，，12： | 3 |
| 9 | Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance, Impaired Pancreatic β-Cell Function, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer显示文摘 | Brian M. Wolpin Ying Bao Zhi Rong Qian Chen Wu Peter Kraft Shuji Ogino Meir J. Stampfer Kaori Sato Jing Ma Julie E. Buring Howard D. Sesso I-Min Lee John Michael Gaziano Anne McTiernan Lawrence S. Phillips Barbara B. Cochrane Michael N. Pollak JoAnn E. Ma | 2013 | JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute2013，，14： | 2 |
| 10 | Macrophage-secreted cytokines drive pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia through NF-κB and MMPs显示文摘 | Geou-Yarh Liou Heike D?ppler Brian Necela Murli Krishna Howard C. Crawford Massimo Raimondo Peter Storz | 2013 | The Journal of Cell Biology2013，，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Accuracy of Orbscan pachymetry measurements and DHG ultrasound pachymetry in primary laser in situ keratomileusis and LASIK enhancement procedures显示文摘 | Nader G Iskander Ellen Anderson Penno N.Timothy Peters Howard V Gimbel Maria Ferensowicz | 2001 | Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery2001，，5： | 2 |
| 12 | SURGICAL APPROACH IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS显示文摘 | Peter Büchler Howard A. Reber | 1999 | Gastroenterology Clinics of North America1999，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2 signal abnormalities in left ventricular ballooning syndrome显示文摘 | Subodh B. Joshi Tania Chao Daniel A. Herzka Peter R. Zeman Howard A. Cooper Joseph Lindsay Anthon R. Fuisz | 2010 | The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging2010，，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Therapy for pancreatic cancer with a recombinant humanizied antibody anti-HER2(Hercepitin) 显示文摘 | Peter B Howard A Mannuela C | 2001 | J Gastrointestinal Surgery2001，31，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Surgical approach in patients with acute pancreatitis显示文摘 | Peter Biichler Howard A | 1999 | Gastroentero Clin North Am1999，28，： | 1 |
| 16 | Alpha-tocopherol supplementation in healthy individuals reduces low - density lipoprotein oxidation but not atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Howard N Wendy J Peter R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Sleep difficulty in women at midlife: a community survey of sleep and the menopausal transition *显示文摘 | Howard M. Kravitz Patricia A. Ganz Joyce Bromberger Lynda H. Powell Kim Sutton-Tyrrell Peter M. Meyer | 2003 | Menopause2003，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Prognostic signifi cance of visit-to-visit variability,maximum systolic blood pressure,and episodic hypertension显示文摘 | Peter M Rothwell Sally C Howard | 2010 | The Lancet2010，375，9718： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of beta blockers and calcium-channel blockers on within-individual variability in blood pressure and risk of stroke显示文摘 | Rothwell Peter M Howard Sally C Dolan Eamon | 2010 | Lancet neurology2010，9，5： | 1 |
| 20 | When Wildlife Tourism Goes Wrong:a Case Study of Stakeholder and Management Issues Regarding Dingoes on Fraser Island,Australia显示文摘 | Georgette Leah Burns Peter Howard | 2003 | Tourism Management2003，，6： | 1 |
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