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| 1 | Diagnosis and management of insulinoma显示文摘Insulinomas,the most common cause of hypoglycemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism,occur in 1-4 people per million of the general population.Common autonomic symptoms of insulinoma include diaphroresis,tremor,and palpitations,whereas neuroglycopenenic symptoms include confusion,behavioural changes,personality changes,visual disturbances,seizure,and coma.Diagnosis of suspected cases is based on standard endocrine tests,especially the prolonged fasting test.Non-invasive imaging procedures,such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,are used when a diagnosis of insulinoma has been made to localize the source of pathological insulin secretion.Invasive modalities,such as endoscopic ultrasonography and arterial stimulation venous sampling,are highly accurate in the preoperative localization of insulinomas and have frequently been shown to be superior to noninvasive localization techniques.The range of techniques available for the localization of insulinomas means thatblind resection can be avoided.Intraoperative manual palpation of the pancreas by an experienced surgeon and intraoperative ultrasonography are both sensitive methods with which to finalize the location of insulinomas.A high proportion of patients with insulinomas can be cured with surgery.In patients with malignant insulinomas,an aggressive medical approach,including extended pancreatic resection,liver resection,liver transplantation,chemoembolization,or radiofrequency ablation,is recommended to improve both survival and quality of life.In patients with unresectable or uncontrollable insulinomas,such as malignant insulinoma of the pancreas,several techniques should be considered,including administration of ocreotide and/or continuous glucose monitoring,to prevent hypoglycemic episodes and to improve quality of life. | Takehiro Okabayashi Yasuo Shima Tatsuaki Sumiyoshi Akihito Kozuki Satoshi Ito Yasuhiro Ogawa Michiya Kobayashi Kazuhiro Hanazaki | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，6： | 78 |
| 2 | Anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacterium: Enhancement of IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients and inhibition of IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells显示文摘AIM: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacteria in Bifidobacteria-fermented milk (BFM) which is effective against active ulcerative colitis (UC) and exacerbations of UC, and to explore the immunoregulatory mechanisms. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from UC patients or HT-29 cells were co-cultured with heat-killed probiotic bacteria or culture supernatant of Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (BbrY) or Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Yakult (BbiY) to estimate the amount of IL-10 or IL-8 secreted. RESULTS: Both strains of probiotic Bifidobacteria contained in the BFM induced IL-10 production in PBMNC from UC patients, though BbrY was more effective than BbiY. Conditioned medium (CM) and DNA of both strains inhibited IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells stimulated with TNF-α, whereas no such effect was observed with heat- killed bacteria. The inhibitory effect of CM derived from BbiY was greater than that of CM derived from BbrY. DNAs of the two strains had a comparable inhibitory activity against the secretion of IL-8. CM of BbiY induced a repression of IL-8 gene expression with a higher expression of IκB-ζ mRNA 4 h after culture of HT-29 cells compared to that in the absence of CM.CONCLUSION: Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains in BFM enhance IL-10 production in PBMNC and inhibit IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that BFM has anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis. | Akemi Imaoka Tatsuichiro Shima Kimitoshi Kato Shigeaki Mizuno Toshiki Uehara Satoshi Matsumoto Hiromi Setoyama Taeko Hara Yoshinori Umesaki | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，16： | 37 |
| 3 | A rare case of hyaline-type Castleman disease in the liver显示文摘Castleman disease often develops in the neck, mediastinum and pulmonary hilum. Its onset in the peritoneal cavity is very rare. The patient, a woman in her 70s, was referred to our department for a detailed examination of an abdominal mass. On abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, a mass approximately 15 mm in diameter was noted in the hepatic S6. We attempted radical treatment and conducted a laparoscope-assisted right lobectomy. On the basis of histopathological findings, the patient was diagnosed as having hyaline type Castleman disease in the liver, a very rare condition. | Hisaaki Miyoshi Shima Mimura Takako Nomura Joji Tani Asahiro Morishita Hideki Kobara Hirohito Mori Hirohito Yoneyama Akihiro Deguchi Takashi Himoto Naoki Yamamoto Keiichi Okano Yasuyuki Suzuki Tsutomu Masaki | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，7： | 14 |
| 4 | Oral manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease:A review显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs),including Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,not only affect the intestinal tract but also have an extraintestinal involvement within the oral cavity.These oral manifestations may assist in the diagnosis and the monitoring of disease activity,whilst ignoring them may lead to an inaccurate diagnosis and useless and expensive workups.Indurated tag-like lesions,cobblestoning,and mucogingivitis are the most common specific oral findings encountered in CD cases.Aphthous stomatitis and pyostomatitis vegetans are among non-specific oral manifestations of IBD.In differential diagnosis,side effects of drugs,infections,nutritional deficiencies,and other inflammatory conditions should also be considered.Treatment usually involves managing the underlying intestinal disease.In severe cases with local symptoms,topical and/or systemic steroids and immunosuppressive drugs might be used. | Kamran B Lankarani Gholam Reza Sivandzadeh Shima Hassanpour | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 10 |
| 5 | Effects on coagulation factor production following primary hepatomitogen-induced direct hyperplasia显示文摘AIM:To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in coagulation factor expression and/or function during direct hyperplasia(DH) -mediated liver regeneration.METHODS:Direct hyperplasia-mediated liver regeneration was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by administering 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy) ] benzene(TCPOBOP) ,a representative hepatomitogen.Mice were weighed and sacrificed at various time points [Day 0(D0:prior to injection) ,3 h,D1,D2,D3,and D10] after TCPOBOP administration to obtain liver and blood samples.Using the RNA samples extracted from the liver,a comprehensive analysis was performed on the hepatic gene expression profiling of coagulation-related factors by real-time RT-PCR(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢβ,plasminogen,antithrombin,protein C,protein S,ADAMTS13,and VWF) .The corresponding plasma levels of coagulation factors(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢ,and VWF) were also analyzed and compared with their mRNA levels.RESULTS:Gavage administration of TCPOBOP(3 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a marked and gradual increase in the weight of the mouse livers relative to the total body weight to 220% by D10 relative to the D0(control) ratios.At the peak of liver regeneration(D1 and D2) ,the gene expression levels for most of the coagulationrelated factors(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢβ,plasminogen,antithrombin,protein C,ADAMTS13,VWF) were found to be downregulated in a time-dependent manner,and gradually recovered by D10 to the basal levels.Only mRNA levels of factor Ⅹ and protein S failed to show any decrease during the regenerative phase.As for the plasma levels,5 clotting factors(prothrombin,factors Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅺ,and Ⅻ) demonstrated a significant decrease(P < 0.05) during the regeneration phase compared with D0.Among these 5 factors,factor Ⅸ and factor Ⅺ showed the most dramatic decline in their activities by about 50% at D2 compared to the basal levels,and these reductions in plasma activity for both factors were consistent with our RT-PCR findings.In contrast,the plasma activities of the other coagulation factors(fibrinogen,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,XⅢ,and VWF) were not significantly reduced,despite the reduction in the liver mRNA levels.Unlike the other factors,FX showed a temporal increase in its plasma activity,with significant increases(P < 0.05) detected at D1.CONCLUSION:Investigating the coagulation cascade protein profiles during liver regeneration by DH may help to better understand the basic biology of the liver under normal and pathological conditions. | Kohei Tatsumi Kazuo Ohashi Sanae Taminishi Soichi Takagi Rie Utoh Akira Yoshioka Midori Shima Teruo Okano | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，42： | 5 |
| 6 | Comparison of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma using multidetector-row computed tomography显示文摘AIM:To distinguish acinar cell carcinoma(ACC)from pancreatic adenocarcinoma(AC)by comparing their computed tomography findings.METHODS:Patients with ACC and AC were identified on the basis of results obtained using surgically resected pancreatectomy specimens.The preoperative computer tomographic images of 6 acinar cell carcinoma patients and 67 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients in 4 phases(non-contrast,arterial,portal venous,and delayed phase)were compared.The scan delay times were 40,70,and 120 s for each contrast-enhanced phase.The visual pattern,tomographic attenuation value,and time attenuation curve were assessed and compared between AC and ACC cases using the 2test,Wilcoxon signed-rank test,and Mann Whitney U test.RESULTS:The adenocarcinomas tended to be hypodense in all 4 phases.The acinar cell carcinomas also tended to be hypodense in the 3 contrast-enhancedphases,although their computed tomographic attenuation values were higher.Further,5 of the 6 acinar cell carcinomas(83%)were isodense in the non-contrast phase.The time attenuation curve of the adenocarcinomas showed a gradual increase through the 4 phases,and all adenocarcinomas showed peak enhancement during the delayed phase.The time attenuation curve of the acinar cell carcinomas showed peak enhancement during the portal venous phase in 4 cases and during the arterial phase in 2 cases.None of the 6 acinar cell carcinomas showed peak enhancement during the delayed phase.CONCLUSION:The tumor density in the non-contrast phase and time attenuation curve pattern clearly differ between acinar cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas,and multidetector-row computed tomography can thus distinguish these tumors. | Tatsuaki Sumiyoshi Yasuo Shima Takehiro Okabayashi Akihito Kozuki Toshio Nakamura | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，34： | 5 |
| 7 | A Prospective Cohort Study Shows Unique Epigenetic, Genetic, and Prognostic Features of Synchronous Colorectal Cancers显示文摘 | Katsuhiko Nosho Shoko Kure Natsumi Irahara Kaori Shima Yoshifumi Baba Donna Spiegelman Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt Edward L. Giovannucci Charles S. Fuchs Shuji Ogino | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，5： | 4 |
| 8 | Role of nanotopography in the development of tissue engineered 3D organs and tissues using mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘Recent regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies(using cells, scaffolds, medical devices and gene therapy) have led to fascinating progress of translation of basic research towards clinical applications. In the past decade, great deal of research has focused on developing various three dimensional(3D) organs, such as bone, skin, liver, kidney and ear,using such strategies in order to replace or regenerate damaged organs for the purpose of maintaining or restoring organs' functions that may have been lost due to aging, accident or disease. The surface properties of a material or a device are key aspects in determining the success of the implant in biomedicine, as the majority of biological reactions in human body occur on surfaces or interfaces. Furthermore, it has been established in the literature that cell adhesion and proliferation are, to a great extent, influenced by the micro- and nanosurface characteristics of biomaterials and devices. In addition, it has been shown that the functions of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells in particular, could be regulated through physical interaction with specific nanotopographical cues. Therefore, guided stem cell proliferation, differentiation and function are of great importance in the regeneration of 3D tissues and organs using tissue engineering strategies. This review will provide an update on the impact of nanotopography on mesenchymal stem cells for the purpose of developing laboratory-based 3D organs and tissues, as well as the most recent research and case studies on this topic. | Shima Salmasi Deepak M Kalaskar Wai-Weng Yoon Gordon W Blunn Alexander M Seifalian | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 4 |
| 9 | Crystal Structures of Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ⅳ in its Apo and Diprotin B-complexed Forms显示文摘Dipeptidyl 肽酶 IV (DPPIV ) 丝氨酸朊酶 oligopeptidasefamily 属于 prolyl,被知道把许多规章的生物功能和过时的人或物显示在类型 2 糖尿病被含有。开发选择 humanDPPIV (hDPPIV ) 禁止者因此是重要的。在这研究,我们在 1.9A 分辨率决定了 apo hDPPIV 的水晶结构。我们 apo hDPPIV 的高分辨率的水晶结构在活性部位揭示了钠离子和甘油分子的存在。以便阐明 hDPPIV 绑定模式和底层特性,我们在 2.1 一分辨率决定了 hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu ) 建筑群的水晶结构,并且在在 diprotin B anddiprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile ) 之间的有约束力的模式澄清了差别进 hDPPIV 的活性部位。在我们的水晶结构和报导 apo hDPPIV 结构之间的比较表明那断然为功能的组充电了并且保存了贡献的水分子有 hDPPIV 的 ligands 的相互作用。这些结果为有势力 hDPPIV 禁止者的设计是有用的。 | Hajime H1RAMATSU Kiyoshi KYONO Atsushi YAMAMOTO Kazuhiko SAEKI Hideaki SHIMA Shigeru SUGIYAMA Koji INAKA Ryo SHIMIZU | 2007 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2007，39，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Magnetic properties of perpendicularly orientated L1_0 FePt nanoparticles显示文摘L10 FePt films were deposited on MgO (001) substrates heated to 700°C by magnetron sputtering.Assisted by the misfit of lattice between film and substrate,strong (001) texture was formed.The film at nominal thickness t N=5 nm was composed of nanoparticles with a size of~70 nm,and showed a high coercivity of~105 kOe at 4.2 K.At t N=~50 nm,as the film changed from discontinuous to continuous,the coercivity dropped about one order of magnitude.Micromagnetic simulation implies that the magnetization reversal is a vortex-like nuclear type.The ideal coercivity of a separated single-domain L10 FePt nanoparticle with a size of 70 nm×70 nm×5 nm is~121 kOe.This tells us that the experimental coercivity has nearly reached the limit of ideal single crystalline nanoparticles. | MO XiaoJing XIANG Hui LI GuoQing CHEN Peng XIONG ZuHong WANG JunZhong ISHIO ShunJi SMTO Hitoshi SHIMA ToshiYuki TAKANASHI KoKi | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，8： | 3 |
| 11 | Real-world efficacy of daclatasvir and asunaprevir with respect to resistance-associated substitutions显示文摘AIM To investigate daclatasvir(DCV) and asunaprevir(ASV) efficacy in hepatitis C(HCV) patients, with respect to resistance-associated substitutions(RASs).METHODS A total of 392 HCV-infected patients from multiple centers were included in this study. We evaluated their clinical courses and sustained virologic responses(SVR) according to pretreatment factors(gender, age, history of interferon-based regimens, platelet counts, level of viremia, pretreatment NA5A:L31, and Y93 substitutions). We also analyzed the pretreatment and post-treatment major RASs of NS3:D168, NS5A:L31 and Y93 substitutions using a direct-sequencing method in 17 patients who were unable to achieve SVR at 12 wk after treatment completion(SVR12).RESULTS The overall SVR12 rate was 88.3%. Thirty-one patients discontinued treatment before 24 wk because of adverse events, 23 of whom achieved SVR12. There were no significant differences in SVR12 rates with respect to gender, age, history of interferon-based regimens, and platelet counts. The SVR12 rate in patients with viral loads of ≥ 6.0 log IU/m L was significantly lower than those with viral loads of < 6.0 log IU/m L(P < 0.001). The SVR12 rate in patients with Y93 substitution-positive was significantly lower than those with Y93 substitution-negative(P < 0.001). The L31 substitution-positive group showed a lower SVR12 rate than the L31 substitution-negative group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Seventeen patients who did not achieve SVR12 and had available pretreatment and post-treatment sera had additional RASs in NS3:D168, NS5:L31, and Y93 substitution at treatment failure.CONCLUSION Combination of DCV and ASV is associated with a high SVR rate. Baseline RASs should be thoroughly assessed to avoid additional RASs after treatment failure. | Hideki Fujii Atsushi Umemura Taichiro Nishikawa Kanji Yamaguchi Michihisa Moriguchi Hideki Nakamura Kohichiroh Yasui Masahito Minami Saiyu Tanaka Hiroki Ishikawa Hiroyuki Kimura Shiro Takami Yasuyuki Nagao Toshihide Shima Yoshito Itoh | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，25： | 3 |
| 12 | CT/^(99m)Tc-GSA SPECT fusion images demonstrate functional differences between the liver lobes显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the functional differences between the 2 liver lobes in non-cirrhotic patients by using computed tomography/99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (CT/99mTc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) fusion images. METHODS: Between December 2008 and March 2012, 264 non-cirrhotic patients underwent preoperative liver function assessment using CT/99mTc-GSA SPECT fusion images. Of these, 30 patients, in whom the influence of a tumor on the liver parenchyma was estimated to be negligible, were selected. Specifically, the selected patients were required to meet either of the following criteria: (1) the presence of an extrahepatic tumor; or (2) presence of a single small intrahepatic tumor. These 30 patients were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the percentage volume (%Volume) and the percentage function (%Function) of each lobe. The ratio between the %Function and %Volume (function-to-volume ratio) of each lobe was also calculated, and the ratios were compared between the 2 lobes. Furthermore, the correlations between the function-to-volume ratio and each of 2 liver parameters [lobe volume and diameter ratio of the left portal vein to the right portal vein (LPV-to-RPV diameter ratio)] were investigated. RESULTS: The median values of %Volume and %Function were 62.6% and 67.1% in the right lobe, with %Function being significantly higher than %Volume (P < 0.01). The median values of %Volume and %Function were 31.0% and 28.7% in the left lobe, with %Function being significantly lower than %Volume (P < 0.01). The function-to-volume ratios of the right lobe (1.04-1.14) were significantly higher than those of the left lobe (0.74-0.99) (P < 0.01). The function-to-volume ratio showed no significant correlation between the lobe volume in either lobe. In contrast, the function-to-volume ratio showed significant correlations with the LPV-to-RPV diameter ratio in both lobes (right lobe: negative correlation, rs = -0.37, P = 0.048; left lobe: positive correlation, r s = 0.71, P < 0.001). The function-to-volume ratio in the left lobe tended to be higher, and that in the right lobe tended to be lower, in accordance with the increase in the LPV-to-RPV diameter ratio. CONCLUSION: CT/99mTc-GSA SPECT fusion images demonstrated that the function of the left lobe was significantly decreased compared with that of the right lobe in non-cirrhotic livers. | Tatsuaki Sumiyoshi Yasuo Shima Ryoutarou Tokorodani Takehiro Okabayashi Akihito Kozuki Yasuhiro Hata Yoshihiro Noda Yoriko Murata Toshio Nakamura Kiminori Uka | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 3 |
| 13 | Effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in hepatocellular carcinomain vitro and in vivo显示文摘 | Hisaaki Miyoshi Kiyohito Kato Hisakazu Iwama Emiko Maeda Teppei Sakamoto Koji Fujita Yuka Toyota Joji Tani Takako Nomura Shima Mimura Mitsuyoshi Kobayashi Asahiro Morishita Hideki Kobara Hirohito Mori Hirohito Yoneyama Akihiro Deguchi Takashi Himoto Kazut | 2014 | International Journal of Oncology2014，，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Tsubota K, Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with chemical and thermal burns 显示文摘 | Shima Zaki J Ysng HY | 1997 | Ophthalmology1997，104，12： | 3 |
| 15 | Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria显示文摘 | Ivaylo I. Ivanov Koji Atarashi Nicolas Manel Eoin L. Brodie Tatsuichiro Shima Ulas Karaoz Dongguang Wei Katherine C. Goldfarb Clark A. Santee Susan V. Lynch Takeshi Tanoue Akemi Imaoka Kikuji Itoh Kiyoshi Takeda Yoshinori Umesaki Kenya Honda Dan R. Littma | 2009 | Cell2009，，3： | 3 |
| 16 | 碳酸钠和氯化钙对软锰矿阳离子浮选中方解石的抑制作用(英文)显示文摘在软锰矿阳离子浮选中添加十二胺,采用浮选实验、红外光谱分析、接触角测量和zeta电位测试等手段研究碳酸钠和氯化钙对方解石矿物的抑制作用。微浮选实验结果表明,这两种抑制剂都能明显地抑制方解石的浮选。而且,碳酸钠作为活化剂,能增加软锰矿的浮选性能。浮选实验和接触角测试结果表明,碳酸钠对方解石的选择性抑制作用要比氯化钙强。Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,碳酸钠减少了方解石矿物表面所带的负电荷,从而减少了十二胺在其表面的静电吸附。在pH=7.5,添加2000 g/t十二胺和1500 g/t碳酸钠的浮选条件下,可得到含40%MnO的软锰矿精矿,回收率达71.5%。 | Shima RAHIMI Mehdi IRANNAJAD Akbar MEHDILO | 2017 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2017，27，8： | 2 |
| 17 | Additively manufactured metallic biomaterials显示文摘Metal additive manufacturing(AM)has led to an evolution in the design and fabrication of hard tissue substitutes,enabling personalized implants to address each patient’s specific needs.In addition,internal pore architectures integrated within additively manufactured scaffolds,have provided an opportunity to further develop and engineer functional implants for better tissue integration,and long-term durability.In this review,the latest advances in different aspects of the design and manufacturing of additively manufactured metallic biomaterials are highlighted.After introducing metal AM processes,biocompatible metals adapted for integration with AM machines are presented.Then,we elaborate on the tools and approaches undertaken for the design of porous scaffold with engineered internal architecture including,topology optimization techniques,as well as unit cell patterns based on lattice networks,and triply periodic minimal surface.Here,the new possibilities brought by the functionally gradient porous structures to meet the conflicting scaffold design requirements are thoroughly discussed.Subsequently,the design constraints and physical characteristics of the additively manufactured constructs are reviewed in terms of input parameters such as design features and AM processing parameters.We assess the proposed applications of additively manufactured implants for regeneration of different tissue types and the efforts made towards their clinical translation.Finally,we conclude the review with the emerging directions and perspectives for further development of AM in the medical industry. | Elham Davoodi Hossein Montazerian Anooshe Sadat Mirhakimi Masoud Zhianmanesh Osezua Ibhadode Shahriar Imani Shahabad Reza Esmaeilizadeh Einollah Sarikhani Sahar Toorandaz Shima ASarabi Rohollah Nasiri Yangzhi Zhu Javad Kadkhodapour Bingbing Li Ali Khademhosseini Ehsan Toyserkan | 2022 | Bioactive Materials2022，7，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Acute and subacute oral toxicity of Litsea elliptica Blume essential oil in rats显示文摘Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats.For the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg(single dose),and in the subacute toxicity test,the following doses were used:125,250,and 500 mg/kg,for 28 consecutive days.In the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality.The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg.The subacute toxicity study of L.elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight,and food and water consumptions.The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined,except for the hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin concentration,mean cell volume,mean cell hemoglobin,serum albumin,and serum sodium.However,these differences were still within the normal range.No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver,pancreatic islet of Langerhans,and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups.In conclusion,L.elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group,which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization(WHO) classification. | Siti Balkis BUDIN Seri Masran SITI NOR AIN Baharuddin OMAR Izatus Shima TAIB Othman HIDAYATULFATHI | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2012，13，10： | 2 |
| 19 | Molecular cloning and characterization of DMRT genes from the medaka Oryzias latipes and the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus显示文摘 | Mariko Kondo Alexander Froschauer Akiko Kitano Indrajit Nanda Ute Hornung Jean-Nicolas Volff Shuichi Asakawa Hiroshi Mitani Kiyoshi Naruse Minoru Tanaka Michael Schmid Nobuyoshi Shimizu Manfred Schartl Akihiro Shima | 2002 | Gene2002，，2： | 2 |
| 20 | SARS-CoV-2 involvement in central nervous system tissue damage显示文摘As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to spread globally,it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain.Several clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening strokes.Although the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood,several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the virus.One possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct route.Such findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells.Nevertheless,the indirect mechanisms,including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system,can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the disease.This overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients. | Muhammad Ali Haidar Zaynab Shakkour Mohammad Amine Reslan Nadine Al-Haj Perla Chamoun Karl Habashy Hasan Kaafarani Shima Shahjouei Sarah HFarran Abdullah Shaito Esber SSaba Bassam Badran Mirna Sabra Firas Kobeissy Maya Bizri | 2022 | Neural Regeneration Research2022，17，6： | 2 |
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