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| 1 | Achieving the best bowel preparation for colonoscopy显示文摘Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic lesions.In spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much study.The most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium phosphate.There has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better cleansing.It is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper timing.Consequently,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of cleansing.The bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the colonoscopy.Several low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve tolerance.Certain adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other agents.Other factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel cleansing.For instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the procedure.Some patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain precautions.Bowel preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed here.In such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used agent.As detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may suffice.Special considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including safety and diagnostic issues,so that the most adequate agent is chosen.Identifying neoplasia is one of the main objectives of colonoscopy with these patients,and the target lesions are often almost invisible with white light endoscopy.Therefore excellent quality preparation is required to find these lesions and to apply advanced methods such as chromoendoscopy.Bowel preparation for patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding represents a challenge,and the strategies available are also reviewed here. | Adolfo Parra-Blanco Alex Ruiz Manuel Alvarez-Lobos Ana Amorós Juan Cristóbal Gana Patricio Ibáez Akiko Ono Takahiro Fujii | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 37 |
| 2 | The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions显示文摘The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plantshad major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general,through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increasedstature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expandedrange of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress hasbeen made in terms of our understanding of the developmental andphysiological programs involved in the formation and function of theplant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionaryevents that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of thegenetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vasculardevelopment in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essentialfunctions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources (water, essential mineralnutrients, sugars and amino acids) to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support arenext discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological propertiescontrolling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role ofthe vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in termsof the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plantlevel. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive pictureof the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future researchare highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primaryindustry. | William J. Lucas Andrew Groover Raffael Lichtenberger Kaori Furuta Shri-Ram Yadav Yk Helariutta Xin-Qiang He Hiroo Fukuda Julie Kang Siobhan M. Brady John W. Patrick John Sperry Akiko Yoshida Ana-Flor López-Millan Michael A. Grusak Pradeep Kachroo | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，4： | 30 |
| 3 | Role of regulatory T cell in the pathogenesis of inflammatorybowel disease显示文摘Regulatory T(Treg) cells play key roles in various immune responses. For example, Treg cells contribute to the complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during onset or development of that disease. Many animal models of IBD have been used to investigate factors such as pathogenic cytokines, pathogenic bacteria, and T-cell functions, including those of Treg cells. In addition, analyses of patients with IBD facilitate our understanding of the precise mechanism of IBD. This review article focuses on the role of Treg cells and outlines the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of IBD based on previous reports. | akiko yamada rieko arakaki masako saito takaaki tsunematsu yasusei kudo naozumi ishimaru | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，7： | 24 |
| 4 | Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms显示文摘AIM:To investigate the risk factors for delayed bleeding following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)treatment for colorectal neoplasms.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 317 consecutive patients with 325 lesions who underwent ESD for superficial colorectal neoplasms at our hospital from January 2009 to June2013.Delayed post-ESD bleeding was defined as bleeding that resulted in overt hematochezia 6 h to 30d after ESD and the observation of bleeding spots as confirmed by repeat colonoscopy or a required blood transfusion.We analyzed the relationship between risk factors for delayed bleeding following ESD and the following factors using univariate and multivariate analyses:age,gender,presence of comorbidities,use of antithrombotic drugs,use of intravenous heparin,resected specimen size,lesion size,lesion location,lesion morphology,lesion histology,the device used,procedure time,and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD.RESULTS:Delayed post-ESD bleeding was found in14 lesions from 14 patients(4.3%of all specimens,4.4%patients).Patients with episodes of delayed postESD bleeding had a mean hemoglobin decrease of2.35 g/dL.All episodes were treated successfully using endoscopic hemostatic clips.Emergency surgery was not required in any of the cases.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient(0.3%).Univariate analysis revealed that lesions located in the cecum(P=0.012)and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD(P=0.024)were significantly associated with delayed post-ESD bleeding.The risk of delayed bleeding was higher for larger lesion sizes,but this trend was not statistically significant.Multivariate analysis revealed that lesions located in the cecum(OR=7.26,95%CI:1.99-26.55,P=0.003)and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD(OR=16.41,95%CI:2.60-103.68,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for delayed post-ESD bleeding.CONCLUSION:Location in the cecum and significant bleeding during ESD predispose patients to delayed post-procedural bleeding.Therefore,careful and additional management is recommended for these patients. | Sho Suzuki Akiko Chino Teruhito Kishihara Naoyuki Uragami Yoshiro Tamegai Takanori Suganuma Junko Fujisaki Masaaki Matsuura Takao Itoi Takuji Gotoda Masahiro Igarashi Fuminori Moriyasu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 21 |
| 5 | Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China显示文摘This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O + 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O + 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains. | ZHOU ShiQiao NAKAWO Masayoshi SAKAI Akiko MATSUDA Yoshihiro DUAN KeQin PU JianChen | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，21： | 21 |
| 6 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer显示文摘Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery(NCS) has not been fully evaluated clinically. Currently, the main regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) used in NCS includes cisplatin. The antitumor effects of NAC reduce lymph node metastasis and the tumor diameter in patients prior to surgery, and this can reduce the number of high risk patients who require postoperative radiation therapy. Many randomized controlled trials(RCTs) have examined the long-term prognosis of NCS compared to primary surgery, but the utility of NCS remains uncertain. The advent of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) has markedly improved the outcome of radiotherapy(RT), and CCRT is now used as a standard method in many cases of advanced bulky cervical cancer. NCS gives a better treatment outcome than radiation therapy alone, but it is important to verify that NCS gives a similar or better outcome compared to CCRT. | Takashi Iwata Azumi Miyauchi Yukako Suga Hiroshi Nishio Masaru Nakamura Akiko Ohno Nobumaru Hirao Tohru Morisada Kyoko Tanaka Hiroki Ueyama Hidemichi Watari Daisuke Aoki | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2016，28，2： | 20 |
| 7 | Condyloma acuminatum of the anal canal,treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘Condyloma acuminatum(CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papilloma virus infection. Not all individuals develop persistent, progressive disease, but careful follow up is required with moderate-to-severe dysplasia to prevent progression to malignancy. Standard therapies include surgical treatments(trans-anal resection and transanal endoscopic microsurgery) and immunotherapeutic and topical methods(topical imiquimod); however, local recurrence remains a considerable problem. Here, we report a case with superficial CA of the anal canal, treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). A 28-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of hematochezia. Digital exam did not detect a tumor. Screening colonoscopy revealed 10-mm long, whitish condyles extending from the anal canal to the lower rectum. The lesion covered almost the whole circumference, and only a small amount of normal mucosa remained. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging showed brownish hairpin-shaped, coiled capillaries. Although histopathological diagnosis by biopsy revealed CA, accurate histological differentiation between CA, papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma can be difficult with a small specimen. Therefore, weperformed diagnostic ESD, which provides a complete specimen for precise histopathological evaluation. The pathological diagnosis was CA, with moderate dysplasia(anal intraepithelial neoplasia 2). There was no recurrence at 16 mo after the initial ESD. Compared to surgical treatment, endoscopic diagnosis and resection could be performed simultaneously and the tumor margin observed clearly with a magnifying chromocolonoscopy, resulting in less recurrence. These findings suggest that endoscopic resection may be an alternative method for CA that prevents recurrence. | Akiko Sasaki Takeshi Nakajima Hideto Egashira Kotaro Takeda Shinnosuke Tokoro Chikamasa Ichita Sakue Masuda Haruki Uojima Kazuya Koizumi Takeshi Kinbara Taku Sakamoto Yutaka Saito Makoto Kako | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 11 |
| 8 | E2FBP1 antagonizes the p16^(INK4A)-Rb tumor suppressor machinery for growth suppression and cellular senescence by regulating promyelocytic leukemia protein stability显示文摘Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest triggered by the activation of oncogenes or mitogenic signaling as well as the enforced expression of tumor suppressors such as p53, p16 INK4A and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in normal cells. E2F-binding protein 1 (E2FBP1), a transcription regulator for E2F, induces PML reduction and suppresses the formation of PML-nuclear bodies, whereas the down-regulation of E2FBP1 provokes the PML-dependent premature senescence in human normal fibroblasts. Here we report that the depletion of E2FBP1 induces the accumulation of PML through the Ras-dependent activation of MAP kinase signaling. The cellular levels of p16 INK4A and p53 are elevated during premature senescence induced by depletion of E2FBP1, and the depletion of p16 INK4A , but not p53 rescued senescent cells from growth arrest. Therefore, the premature senescence induced by E2FBP1 depletion is achieved through the p16 INK4A -Rb pathway. Similar to human normal fibroblasts, the growth inhibition induced by E2FBP1 depletion is also observed in human tumor cells with intact p16 INK4A and Rb. These results suggest that E2FBP1 functions as a critical antagonist to the p16 INK4A -Rb tumor suppressor machinery by regulating PML stability. | Yayoi Fukuyo Akiko Takahashi Eiji Hara Nobuo Horikoshi Tej K. Pandita Takuma Nakajima | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，4： | 11 |
| 9 | Does Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for peptic ulcer prevent gastric cancer?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)eradication therapy for treatment of peptic ulcer on the incidence of gastric cancer. METHODS:A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture,Japan.The study included patients with H pylori-positive peptic ulcer who decided themselves whether to receive H pylori eradication(eradication group)or conventional antacid therapy(non-eradication group).Incidence of gastric cancer in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys,as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data,and was compared between the two groups and by results of H pylori therapy.RESULTS:A total of 4133 patients aged between 13 and 91 years(mean 52.9 years)were registered,and 56 cases of gastric cancer were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years.The sex-and age-adjusted incidence ratio of gastric cancer in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group,was 0.58 (95%CI:0.28-1.19)and ratios by follow-up period(<1 year,1-3 years,>3 years)were 1.16(0.27-5.00),0.50 (0.17-1.49),and 0.34(0.09-1.28),respectively.Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of gastric cancer,although not to a significant extent.No significant difference in incidence of gastric cancer was observed between patients with successful eradication therapy(32/2451 patients,1.31%)and those with treatment failure(11/639 patients,1.72%).Among patients with duodenal ulcer,which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals,the incidence of gastric cancer was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy(2/845 patients,0.24%)than in those with treatment failure(3/216 patients,1.39%). CONCLUSION:H pylori eradication therapy for peptic ulcer patients with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. | Katsuhiro Mabe Mikako Takahashi Haruhumi Oizumi Hideaki Tsukuma Akiko Shibata Kazutoshi Fukase Toru Matsuda Hiroaki Takeda Sumio Kawata | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，34： | 10 |
| 10 | Pancreatic schwannoma:Case report and an updated 30-year review of the literature yielding 47 cases显示文摘Pancreatic schwannomas are rare neoplasms.Authors briefly describe a 64-year-old female patient with cystic pancreatic schwannoma mimicking other cystic tumors and review the literature.Databases for PubMed were searched for English-language articles from 1980 to 2010 using a list of keywords,as well as references from review articles.Only 41 articles,including 47 cases,have been reported in the English literature.The mean age was 55.7 years(range 20-87 years),with 45%of patients being male.Mean tumor size was 6.2 cm(range 1-20 cm).Tumor location was the head(40%),head and body(6%),body(21%),body and tail(15%),tail(4%),and uncinate process(13%).Thirty-four percent of patients exhibited solid tumors and 60%of patients exhibited cystic tumors.Treatment included pancreati-coduodenectomy(32%),distal pancreatectomy(21%),enucleation(15%),unresectable(4%),refused opera-tion(2%)and the detail of resection was not specified in 26%of patients.No patients died of disease with a mean follow-up of 15.7 mo(range 3-65 mo),although 5(11%)patients had a malignancy.The tumor size was significantly related to malignant tumor(13.8±6.2 cm for malignancy vs 5.5±4.4 cm for benign,P=0.001) and cystic formation(7.9±5.9 cm for cystic tumorvs 3.9 ±2.4 cm for solid tumor,P=0.005).The preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic schwannoma remains difficult.Cystic pancreatic schwannomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic neoplasms and pseudocysts.In our case,intraoperative frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma.Simple enucleation may be adequate,if this is possible. | Toshiyuki Moriya Wataru Kimura Ichiro Hirai Akiko Takeshita Koji Tezuka Toshihiro Watanabe Masaomi Mizutani Akira Fuse | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 8 |
| 11 | Effects of adacolumn selective leukocytapheresis on plasma cytokines during active disease in patients with active ulcerative colitis显示文摘瞄准:调查在临床的活动索引的 ulcerative (UC )( 蔡) 和 IL-1ra, IL-10, IL-6 和 IL-18 的传播层次之间的关系。方法:IL-1ra, IL-10, IL-6 和 IL-18 的血层次与活跃 UC 在 31 个病人被测量,吝啬的蔡是 11.1,从 5-25 ;并且是的 12 个健康个人控制。病人们与 Adacolumn 被给粒细胞和单核白血球 adsorptive 词首字母的脱落(GMA ) 。忍受 FcgammaR 并且补充受体的白细胞被吸附到列 leucocytapheresis 搬运人。每个病人能在 8 wk 上收到多达 11 个 GMA 会议。结果:我们发现了在蔡和 IL-10 之间的强壮的关联(r = 0.827, P <
0.001 ) , IL-6 (r = 0.785, P <
0.001 ) 并且 IL-18 (r = 0.791, P <
0.001 ) 。IL-1ra 没与蔡一起被相关。后面的 GMA 治疗, 31 个病人中的 24 个完成了宽恕,所有 4 cytokines 的层次掉在健康控制里到层次。进一步, IL-1ra 和 IL-10 的血层次在从遵守了搬运人的白细胞建议版本的 60 min 在列流出和流入增加了。 | Hiroyuki Hanai Takayuki Iida Masami Yamada Yoshihiko Sato Ken Takeuchi Tatsuo Tanaka Kenji Kondo Masataka Kikuyama Yasuhiko Maruyama Yasushi Iwaoka Akiko Nakamura Kazuhisa Hirayama Abby R Saniabadi Fumitoshi Watanabe | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 8 |
| 12 | Involvement of insulin receptor substrates in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease显示文摘Type 2 diabetes一associated with impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS)一is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are major components of IIS, which transmit upstream signals via the insulin receptor and/or IGF1 receptor to multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase cascades. Of the four IRS proteins in mammals, IRS1 and IRS2 play key roles in regulating growth and survival, metabolism, and aging. Meanwhile, the roles of IRS1 and IRS2 in the central nervous system with respect to cognitive abilities remain to be clarified. In contrast to IRS2 in peripheral tissues, inactivation of neural IRS2 exerts beneficial effects, resulting in the reduction of amyloid p accumulation and premature mortality in AD mouse models. On the other hand, the increased phosphorylation of IRS 1 at several serine sites is observed in the brains from patients with AD and animal models of AD or cognitive impairment induced by type 2 diabetes. However, these serine sites are also activated in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, in which the diabetes drug metformin improves memory impairment. Because IRS1 and IRS2 signaling pathways are regulated through complex mechanisms including positive and negative feedback loops, whether the elevated phosphorylation of IRS1 at specific serine sites found in AD brains is a primary response to cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we examine the associations between IRS 1 /1 RS2-mediated signaling in the central nervous system and cognitive decline. | Daisuke Tanokashira Wataru Fukuokaya Akiko Taguchi | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，8： | 8 |
| 13 | Prospective controlled study on the effects of polyethylene glycol in capsule endoscopy显示文摘AIM:To prospectively confirm whether a small amount of polyethylene glycol(PEG)ingested after swallowing endoscopy capsule improves image quality and completion rate.METHODS:Forty-four consecutive patients referred to us for capsule endoscopy(CE)were randomized to two groups.All patients were restricted to clear fluids for 12 h before the examination.Patients in group A(22 cases)received no additional preparation,while those in group B(20 cases)ingested 500 mL of PEG within a 2 h period starting 30 min after swallowing the capsule.Clear fluids and meals were allowed 2 h and 4 h after capsule ingestion,respectively.Image quality was assessed as the percentage of visualized bowel surface area as follows:1:<25%;2:25%-49%;3:50%-74%;4:75%-89%;5:>90%.The small bowel record was divided into five segments by time,and the score for each segment was evaluated.All CE examinations were performed with the Pillcam SB capsule endoscopy sys-tem(Given Imaging Co.Ltd.,Yoqnem).RESULTS:This study ended in December 2009,because sample size was considered large enough.A total of 44 patients were enrolled.Two patients in group B were excluded from the analysis because small bowel images could not be obtained from these patients;one had a full stomach,while the other presented with a massive gastric bleed.Thus,22 patients from group A and 20 patients from group B completed the study.There was no significant difference in age(P=0.22),sex(P=0.31),and indication for CE.No significant adverse events occurred in any of the study patients.In group A,image quality deteriorated as the capsule progressed distally.However,in group B,image quality was maintained to the distal small bowel.In each of the five segments,the visibility score was significantly higher in group B than in group A(segment 1:4.3± 0.7vs 4.7±0.5,P=0.03;segment 2:4.2±0.9vs 4.8 ±0.4,P=0.01;segment 3:4.0±1.0 vs 4.6±0.7,P =0.04;segment 4:3.6±1.1 vs 4.5±0.6,P=0.003;segment 5:2.7±1.0vs 4.4±0.8,P=0.00004).Thus,the use of PEG during CE examination significantly improved image quality in all time segments,and this effect was more pronounced in the distal ileum.The completion rate to the cecum was not significantly different between groups A and B(81.8%vs 85.0%,P =0.89).There was no difference in the gastric transit time between groups(36.2±35.0 min vs 54.0±56.6 min,P=0.23),but the small bowel transit time was significantly longer in group A than in group B(246.0± 107.0 minvs 171.0±104.0 min,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:The ingestion of a small amount of PEG after the swallowing of an endoscopy capsule significantly improved CE image quality,but did not enhance the completion rate to the cecum. | Takafumi Ito Ken Ohata Akiko Ono Hideyuki Chiba Yosuke Tsuji Hajime Sato Nobuyuki Matsuhashi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 7 |
| 14 | Serum manganese superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin are potential prognostic markers for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical significance of oxidative stress markers in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Sixty-four consecutive patients who were admitted to Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study.All patients had chronic liver disease(CLD) due to infection with HCV.Thirty patients with HCV-related HCC,34 with HCV-related CLD without HCC(non-HCC),and 20 healthy volunteers(HVs) were enrolled.Possible associations between serum manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD) and thioredoxin(TRX) levels and clinical parameters or patient prognosis were analyzed over a mean follow-up period of 31.7 mo.RESULTS:The serum MnSOD levels were significantly higher in patients with HCV-related HCC than in patients without HCC(P = 0.03) or HVs(P < 0.001).Similarly,serum TRX levels were also significantly higher in patients with HCV-related HCC than in patients without HCC(P = 0.04) or HVs(P < 0.01).However,serum levels of MnSOD and TRX were not correlated in patients with HCC.Among patients with HCC,the overall survival rate(OSR) was lower in patients with MnSOD levels ≥ 110 ng/mL than in patients with levels < 110 ng/mL(P = 0.01),and the OSR tended to be lower in patients with TRX levels < 80 ng/mL(P = 0.05).In addition,patient prognosis with HCC was poorest with serum MnSOD levels ≥ 110 ng/mL and serum TRX levels < 80 ng/mL.Furthermore,a multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model and serum levels of five factors(MnSOD,prothrombin time,serum albumin,serum α-fetoprotein(AFP),and serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin) revealed that MnSOD levels ≥ 110 ng/mL(risk ratio:4.12,95% confidential interval:1.22-13.88,P = 0.02) and AFP levels ≥ 40 ng/mL(risk ratio:6.75;95% confidential interval:1.70-26.85,P < 0.01) were independent risk factors associated with a poor patient prognosis.CONCLUSION:Serum MnSOD and TRX levels are potential clinical biomarkers that predict patient prognosis in HCV-related HCC. | Tsutomu Tamai Hirofumi Uto Yoichiro Takami Kouhei Oda Akiko Saishoji Masashi Hashiguchi Kotaro Kumagai Takeshi Kure Seiichi Mawatari Akihiro Moriuchi Makoto Oketani Akio Ido Hirohito Tsubouchi | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，44： | 7 |
| 15 | Twenty-four hour intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin,and leucovorin is more effective than 6-hour infusion for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the time dependence of intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). METHODS: Thirty-seven adult Japanese patients who had aHCC and liver cirrhosis were treated with combined intra-arterial 5-FU, cisplatin (CDDP), and leucovorin (LV). The Japan Integrated Staging score (JIS score) of each patient was 3 or more. The patients were divided into two groups, after which the 15 patients in group S were treated with 6-h infusion chemotherapy (LV at 12 mg/h, CDDP at 10 mg/h, and 5-FU at 250 mg/m2 per 4 h) and the 22 patients in group L were treated with 24-h infusion chemotherapy (LV at 12 mg/h, CDDP at 10 mg/h, and 5-FU at 250 mg/m2 per 22 h). Continuous infusion chemotherapy was performed via the proper hepatic artery every 5 d for 4 wk using an implanted drug reservoir. RESULTS: The percentages of patients with a partial response after 4 wk of chemotherapy were 6.7% in group S and 31.8% in group L. The survival of group L was significantly better than that of group S, with the median survival time being 496 d in group L and 226 d in group S (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuous 24-h intra-arterial infusion is more effective for aHCC and can markedly prolong survival time as compared to 6-h infusion. | Hidenari Nagai Masahiro Kanayama Katsuya Higami Kouichi Momiyama Akiko Ikoma Naoki Okano Katsuhiko Matsumaru Manabu Watanabe Koji Ishii Yasukiyo Sumino Kazumasa Miki | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 6 |
| 16 | Clinical outcomes of enteroscopy using the double-balloon method for strictures of the small intestine显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcome of enteroscopy, using the double-balloon method, focusing on the involvement of neoplasms in strictures of the small intestine.METHODS: Enteroscopy, using the double-balloon method, was performed between December 1999 and December 2002 at Jichi Medical School Hospital, Japan and strictures of the small intestine were found in 17 out of 62 patients. These 17 consecutive patients were subjected to analysis.RESULTS: The double-balloon enteroscopy contributed to the diagnosis of small intestinal neoplasms found in 3out of 17 patients by direct observation of the strictures as well as biopsy sampling. Surgical procedures were chosen for these three patients, while balloon dilation was chosen for the strictures in four patients diagnosed with inflammation without involvement of neoplasm.CONCLUSION: Double-balloon enteroscopy is a useful method for the diagnosis and treatment of strictures in the small bowel. | Keijiro Sunada Hironori Yamamoto Hiroto Kita Tomonori Yano Hiroyuki Sato Yoshikazu Hayashi Tomohiko Miyata Yutaka Sekine Akiko Kuno Michiko Iwamoto Hirohide Ohnishi Kenichi Ido Kentaro Sugano | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，7： | 6 |
| 17 | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injuries identified by double-balloon endoscopy显示文摘AIM: To clarify clinical features of the NSAID-induced small bowel lesions using a new method of endoscopy.METHODS: This is a retrospective study and we analyzed seven patients with small bowel lesions while taking NSAIDs among 61 patients who had undergone doubleballoon endoscopy because of gastro-intestinal bleeding or anemia between September 2000 and March 2004, at Jichi Medical School Hospital in Japan. Neither conventional EGD nor colonoscopy revealed any lesions of potential bleeding sources including ulcerations. Double-balloon endoscopy was carried out from oral approach in three patients, from anal approach in three patients, and from both approaches in one patient.RESULTS: Ulcers or erosions were observed in the ileum in six patients and in the jejunum in one patient, respectively.The ulcers were multiple in all the patients with different features from tiny punched out ulcers to deep ulcerations with oozing hemorrhage or scar. All the patients recovered uneventfully and had full resolution of symptoms after suspension of the drug.CONCLUSION: NSAIDs can induce injuries in the small bowel even in patients without any lesions in both the stomach and colon. | Yoshikazu Hayashi Hironori Yamamoto Hiroto Kita Keijiro Sunada Hiroyuki Sato Tomonori Yano Michiko Iwamoto Yutaka Sekine Tomohiko Miyata Akiko Kuno Takaaki Iwaki Yoshiyuki Kawamura Hironari Ajibe Kenichi Ido Kentaro Sugano | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，31： | 6 |
| 18 | Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health Status in Japanese Adults显示文摘Aim The objective of this study was to analyze the oral health among Japanese adults, with and without diabetes mellitus. Methodology The subjects were 518 community residents aged 20 to 91 years in Japan, who participated in the 'Akita health and nutrition survey' and the 'Akita dental disease survey', conducted in 2006. The surveys comprised a self-administered questionnaire, along with medical and dental examinations. Results Using the community periodontal index (CPI), the mean numbers of sextants presenting codes 0, 1 and 2 were significantly lower in diabetics than non-diabetics among the 59 years or younger age group. Although the mean numbers of sextants with codes 0, 1 and 2 among the 60 to 69 years age group were lower, and sextants with a code X among the 59 years or younger age group were higher in diabetics than non-diabetics, no statistically significant differences were detected. The tendency of lower mean numbers of natural teeth and functional tooth units in diabetics than non-diabetics was observed, however no differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The outcome of periodontal disease seemed to be influenced by the diabetic state to some degree, but a clear association between diabetes and oral health status was not found. | Masayuki Ueno Susumu Takeuchi Akiko Oshiro Kayoko Shinada Satoko Ohara Yoko Kawaguchi | 2010 | International Journal of Oral Science2010，2，2： | 6 |
| 19 | Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer显示文摘One of the most important pathways in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) pathway. This pathway affects several crucial processes in tumor development and progression,including tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis regulation,angiogenesis,and metastatic invasion.Targeting EGFR is currently being intensely explored.We are witnessing the development of a number of potential molecular-inhibiting treatments for application in clinical oncology.In the last decade,the tyrosine kinase(TK) domain of the EGFR was identified in NSCLC patients,and it has responded very well with a dramatic clinical improvement to TK inhibitors such are gefitinib and erlotinib.Unfortunately,there were primary and/or secondary resistance to these treatments,as shown by clinical trials.Subsequent molecular biology studies provided some explanations for the drug resistance phenomenon.The molecular mechanisms of resistance need to be clarified.An in-depth understanding of these targeted-therapy resistance may help us explore new strategies for overcoming or reversing the resistance to these inhibitors for the future of NSCLC treatment. | Fariz Nurwidya Akiko Murakami Fumiyuki Takahashi Kazuhisa Takahashi | 2012 | Clinical oncology and cancer resexreh2012，9，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Segmental gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To describe a new surgical technique and evaluate the early results of segmental gastrectomy (SG) with modified D2 lymph node (LN) dissection for early gastric cancer (EGC). METHODS: Fourteen patients with EGC underwent SG with modified D2 dissection from 2006 to 2008. Their operative results and postoperative courses were compared with those of 17 patients who had distal gastrectomy (DG) for EGC during the same period. RESULTS: Operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay were similar between the 2 groups. Postoperative complications developed significantly more frequently in the DG group than in the SG group. Mean number of dissected LNs per each station in the SG group was comparable with that in the DG group. Postoperative recovery of body weight was significantly better in the SG group than in the DG group. The incidence of reflux esophagitis and gastritis after surgery was less frequent in the SG group than in the DG group.CONCLUSION: SG with modified D2 LN dissection may be a new function-preserving gastrectomy that is feasible for treatment of EGC with possible LN involvement. | Takeru Matsuda Kunihiko Kaneda Manabu Takamatsu Keishi Aishin Masahide Awazu Akiko Okamoto Katsunori Kawaguchi | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，41： | 6 |
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