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| 1 | Metal Fabrication by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies显示文摘Selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are relatively new rapid, additive manufac- turing technologies which can allow for the fabrication of complex, multi-functional metal or alloy monoliths by CAD-directed, selective melting of precursor powder beds. By altering the beam parameters and scan strategies, new and unusual, even non-equilibrium microstructures can be produced; including controlled microstructural architectures which ideally extend the contemporary materials science and engineering paradigm relating structure-properties-processing-performance. In this study, comparative examples for SLM and EBM fabricated components from pre-alloyed, atomized precursor powders are presented. These include Cu, Ti–6Al–4V, alloy 625 (a Ni-base superalloy), a Co-base superalloy, and 17-4 PH stainless steel. These systems are characterized by optical metallography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. | Lawrence E. Murr Sara M. Gaytan Diana A. Ramirez Edwin Martinez Jennifer Hernandez Krista N. Amato Patrick W. Shindo Francisco R. Medina Ryan B. Wicker | 2012 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2012，28，1： | 98 |
| 2 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 3 | The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions显示文摘The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plantshad major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general,through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increasedstature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expandedrange of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress hasbeen made in terms of our understanding of the developmental andphysiological programs involved in the formation and function of theplant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionaryevents that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of thegenetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vasculardevelopment in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essentialfunctions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources (water, essential mineralnutrients, sugars and amino acids) to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support arenext discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological propertiescontrolling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role ofthe vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in termsof the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plantlevel. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive pictureof the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future researchare highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primaryindustry. | William J. Lucas Andrew Groover Raffael Lichtenberger Kaori Furuta Shri-Ram Yadav Yk Helariutta Xin-Qiang He Hiroo Fukuda Julie Kang Siobhan M. Brady John W. Patrick John Sperry Akiko Yoshida Ana-Flor López-Millan Michael A. Grusak Pradeep Kachroo | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，4： | 30 |
| 4 | Cosmogenic ^(10)Be dating of Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations显示文摘Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations are two previously recognized local glaciations of the Tibetan Plateau. They have been widely used as the reference standard for classifying Late Quaternary glaciations on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains. However, the numerical chronologies of both glaciations have been lacking. In this study, cosmogenic 10Be dating was undertaken to define the timing of these two glaciations. The surface boulders deposited by the glaciers of the Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations have exposure ages of 112.9±16.7―136.5±15.8 ka BP and 11.1±1.9―18.5±2.2 ka BP, respectively. It is likely that the Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations correspond to marine isotope stages 6 and 2, respectively. | ZHOU ShangZhe XU LiuBing PATRICK M. Colgan DAVID M. Mickelson WANG XiaoLi WANG Jie ZHONG Wei | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，10： | 28 |
| 5 | GDNF-Enhanced Axonal Regeneration and Myelination Following Spinal Cord Injury is Mediated by Primary Effects on Neurons显示文摘我们先前研究表明胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)联合施万细胞移植能促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成。然而,GDNF介导这一过程的细胞靶点尚不清楚。在此,我们报道了GDNF可增加在体再生轴突的数目和直径,并促进体外背根神经节神经元的轴突向外生长,提示GDNF对神经元有直接作用。在施万细胞-背根神经节神经元共培养下,GDNF显著增加施万细胞生成的髓鞘数目;GDNF处理对孤立培养的施万细胞增殖无作用,但可促进已与神经轴突有突触联系的施万细胞增殖;GDNF可增加孤立施万细胞中分子量为140kDa的神经细胞黏附分子(NCAM)的表达,但对黏附分子L1表达或神经营养因子NGF、NT3及BDNF分泌没有影响。总之,这些结果支持假设:GDNF提高轴突再生和施万细胞髓鞘形成主要是通过GDNF对神经元的直接作用介导的,并且提示GDNF联合施万细胞移植可能是促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成的有效策略之一。 | LIQUN ZHANG ZHENGWEN MA GEORGE M. SMITH XUEJUN WEN YELENA PRESSMAN PATRICK M. WOOD AND XIAO-MING XU | 2009 | 神经损伤与功能重建2009，4，4： | 25 |
| 6 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Evidence for an Autoimmune Component显示文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an irreversible limitation on pulmonary airflow associated with chronic inflammation and mucous hypersecretion (chronic bronchitis) and/or the pathological destruction of alveolar airspaces leading to emphysema. COPD, predominantly as a result of tobacco smoke exposure, represents the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, much of the basic mechanisms which contribute to disease progression remain to be elucidated and current therapeutic approaches are, for the most part, based upon alleviating patient symptoms (bronchodilators) as opposed to treating the underlying pathological mechanisms triggered in response to cigarette smoke exposure. The classic disease paradigm suggests that an imbalance of pulmonary matrix proteases versus anti-proteases underlies the tissue destruction and inflammation associated with COPD. However, there is a growing appreciation of the complex and multifaceted nature of the pathological mechanisms associated with disease progression. Recently, there has been mounting evidence indicating that COPD patients exhibit many of the characteristics of a classical autoimmune response. We will discuss current evidence in support of this paradigm and outline how future therapeutic approaches may be tailored to address this. | Anna M. Stefanska Patrick T. Walsh | 2009 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2009，6，2： | 24 |
| 7 | The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism显示文摘tricarboxylic 酸(TCA ) 周期是为在房间的氧化 phosphorylation 的一条中央线路,并且完成他们的 bioenergetic, biosynthetic,和氧化还原作用平衡要求。尽管有癌症房间绕过的早教义 TCA 骑车并且首先利用氧气的 glycolysis,新兴的证据表明那某些癌症房间,特别那些与 deregulated oncogene 和肿瘤 suppressor 表示,为精力重重地依靠 TCA 周期生产和大分子合成。作为地进步,在 tumorigenesis 和使用小分子禁止者使不安的潜力的异常 TCA 周期功能的重要性为癌症治疗的提高的周期功能开始演变。在这评论,我们关于在燃料上喂周期, oncogenes 的效果和肿瘤 suppressors 的燃料总结当前的知识,周期酶的周期用法,普通基因改变和解除管制,和为指向 TCA 的潜在的治疗学的机会在癌症房间骑车。用先进技术并且在 vivo 模型有机体研究的申请,是我们的希望这个以前俯看的生物化学的中心学习将提供新鲜卓见进癌症新陈代谢和 tumorigenesis,随后在各种各样的癌症为治疗学的干预揭示危险打字。 | Nicole M. Anderson Patrick Mucka Joseph G. Kern Hui Feng | 2018 | Protein & Cell2018，9，2： | 17 |
| 8 | A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease显示文摘 | Patrick S. Kamath Russell H. Wiesner Michael Malinchoc Walter Kremers Terry M. Therneau Catherine L. Kosberg Gennaro D’Amico E.Rolland Dickson W.Ray Kim | 2001 | Hepatology2001，，2： | 10 |
| 9 | Effect of age on aortic atherosclerosis显示文摘Objective To examine the association of atherosclerosis burden in the survivors of an asymptomatic elderly cohort study and its relationship to other coronary risk factors (specifically, age) by evaluating aortic atherosclerotic wall burden by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 312 participants in an ongoing observational cohort study underwent cardiac and descending thoracic aorta imaging by MRI. Maximum wall thickness was measured and the mean wall thickness calculated.Wall/outer wall ratio was used as a normalized wall index (NWI) adjusted for artery size difference among participants. Percent wall volume (PWV) was calculated as NWI ×100.Results In this asymptomatic cohort (mean age: 76 years), the mean (SD) aortic wall area andwall thicknesswere 222 ±45 mm2 and 2.7 ±0.4 mm, respectively. Maximum wall thickness was 3.4 ±0.6 mm, and PWV was 32% ±4%. Women appeared to have smaller wall area,but after correcting for their smaller artery size, had significantly higher PWV than men (P = 0.03). Older age was associatedwith larger wall area (P = 0.04 for trend) with similar PWVs. However, there were no statistically significant associations between standard risk factors,Framingham global risk, or metabolic syndrome status, therapy for cholesterol or hypertension, coronary or aortic calcium score, and the aortic wall burden. Aortic calcificationwas associated with coronary calcification. Conclusions Asymptomatic elderly in this cohort had a greater descending thoracic aortic wall volume that correlated with age, andwomen had a significantly increased PWV compared to men. In these survivors, the atherosclerotic aortic wall burden was not significantly associated with traditional risk factors or with coronary or aortic calcium scores or coronary calcium progression. Results suggest that age, or as yet unidentified risk factor(s), may be responsible for the increase in atherosclerosis. | Michael A. Chen Miwa Kawakubo Patrick M. Colletti Dongxiang Xu Laurie LaBree Dustin Robert Detrano Stanley P Azen Nathan D. Wong Xue-Qiao Zhao | 2013 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2013，10，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Tomato Ovary-to-Fruit Transition is Characterized by a Spatial Shift of mRNAs for Cell Wall Invertase and its Inhibitor with the Encoded Proteins Localized to Sieve Elements显示文摘对理解水果开发是阐明中央调停的过程从授粉前卵巢的成功的转变到最新设置的水果,在建立水果收益潜力的关键步。在西红柿,细胞墙转化酶(CWIN ) LIN5 和它的禁止者 INH1 为水果生长是必要的。然而,他们在 ovary-to-fruit 转变由施加角色的分子、细胞的基础仍然保持未知。处理这个问题,我们进行了在 2 点集中于卵巢和小水果的研究 ? 天在前并且 2 ? 在开花期以后的天分别地。在 situ 杂交,分析揭示了那 LIN5, INH1 在小水果与他们的韧皮部特定的表示相比在卵巢展出了驱散的表情。显著地, LIN5 和 INH1 蛋白质在开花期以前并且在年轻小水果立即在卵巢对筛元素(SE ) 的房间墙 immunologically co 局部性,但是在更年轻的卵巢的 provascular 捆是无法发现的。在 CWIN 活动的爆炸发生在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间。有趣地,卵巢,然而并非小水果,有缺点的转化酶的展出高表示, SldeCWIN1,其 ortholog 被知道在烟草在 CWIN 活动提高 INH 的抑制。成像一荧光灯 symplasmic tracer 显示卸掉小径的一个 apoplasmic 韧皮部在卵巢操作了,与在水果果皮卸掉小径的以前观察的 symplasmic 相反。这些新数据显示( 1 ) CWIN 和 INH mRNAs 的韧皮部特定的 patterning 在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间被导致,并且( 2 ) LIN5 蛋白质在 SE 的墙中明确地工作并且在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间增加它的活动,可能断然发信号便于韧皮部卸掉并且产生葡萄糖调整房间分割,因此水果集合。 | William M. Palmer | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，2： | 6 |
| 11 | Fecal Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Metabolome in Obese Humans With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease显示文摘 | Maitreyi Raman Iftikhar Ahmed Patrick M. Gillevet Chris S. Probert Norman M. Ratcliffe Steve Smith Rosemary Greenwood Masoumeh Sikaroodi Victor Lam Pam Crotty Jennifer Bailey Robert P. Myers Kevin P. Rioux | 2013 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2013，，7： | 5 |
| 12 | Effect of a retrograde-viewing device on adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy: the TERRACE study显示文摘 | Anke M. Leufkens Daniel C. DeMarco Amit Rastogi Paul A. Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I. Rothstein Frank P. Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I. Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H. Deprez Brian P. Sau | 2011 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，，3： | 5 |
| 13 | GP73, a resident Golgi glycoprotein, is a novel serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Jorge A. Marrero Patrick R. Romano Olga Nikolaeva Laura Steel Anand Mehta Claus J. Fimmel Mary Ann Comunale Anthony D’Amelio Anna S. Lok Timothy M. Block | 2005 | Journal of Hepatology2005，，6： | 5 |
| 14 | Colonic mucosal microbiome differs from stool microbiome in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy and is linked to cognition and inflammation显示文摘 | Jasmohan S. Bajaj Phillip B. Hylemon Jason M. Ridlon Douglas M. Heuman Kalyani Daita Melanie B. White Pamela Monteith Nicole A. Noble Masoumeh Sikaroodi Patrick M. Gillevet | 2012 | AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology2012，，6： | 3 |
| 15 | The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis显示文摘 | Patrick M. Smith Michael R. Howitt Nicolai Panikov Monia Michaud Carey Ann Gallini Mohammad Bohlooly-Y Jonathan N. Glickman Wendy S. Garrett | 2013 | Science . 2013 (6145)2013，，： | 3 |
| 16 | The N-terminal Pro-BNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency department (PRIDE) study显示文摘 | James L. Januzzi Carlos A. Camargo Saif Anwaruddin Aaron L. Baggish Annabel A. Chen Daniel G. Krauser Roderick Tung Renee Cameron J. Tobias Nagurney Claudia U. Chae Donald M. Lloyd-Jones David F. Brown Stacy Foran-Melanson Patrick M. Sluss Elizabeth Lee-L | 2005 | The American Journal of Cardiology2005，，8： | 3 |
| 17 | Pancreatic cancer in chronic pancreatitis; aetiology, incidence, and early detection显示文摘 | Sara Raimondi Albert B. Lowenfels Antonio M. Morselli-Labate Patrick Maisonneuve Raffaele Pezzilli | 2010 | Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology2010，，3： | 3 |
| 18 | Impact of biodegradable versus durable polymer drug-eluting stents on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials显示文摘 | Zhang Yaojun Tian Nailiang Dong Shengjie Ye Fei Li Minghui Christos V.Bourantas Javaid Iqbal Yoshinobu Onuma Takashi Muramatsu Roberto Diletti Hector M. Garcia-Garcia Xu Bo Patrick W. Serruys Chen Shaoliang | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，11： | 3 |
| 19 | Diffusion-weighted MRI in cervical cancer显示文摘 | Patrick Z. McVeigh Aejaz M. Syed Michael Milosevic Anthony Fyles Masoom A. Haider | 2008 | European Radiology2008，，5： | 3 |
| 20 | Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis显示文摘 | Genta Kakiyama William M. Pandak Patrick M. Gillevet Phillip B. Hylemon Douglas M. Heuman Kalyani Daita Hajime Takei Akina Muto Hiroshi Nittono Jason M. Ridlon Melanie B. White Nicole A. Noble Pamela Monteith Michael Fuchs Leroy R. Thacker Masoumeh Sikaro | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，5： | 3 |
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