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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Cholesterol Efflux and Atheroprotection: Advancing the Concept of Reverse Cholesterol Transport显示文摘 | Robert S. Rosenson H. Bryan Brewer W. Sean Davidson Zahi A. Fayad Valentin Fuster James Goldstein Marc Hellerstein Xian-Cheng Jiang Michael C. Phillips Daniel J. Rader Alan T. Remaley George H. Rothblat Alan R. Tall Laurent Yvan-Charvet | 2012 | Circulation2012，，15： | 4 |
| 3 | MULTICENTER STUDY OF EARLY LACTATE CLEARANCE AS A DETERMINANT OF SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH PRESUMED SEPSIS显示文摘 | Ryan C. Arnold Nathan I. Shapiro Alan E. Jones Christa Schorr Jennifer Pope Elisabeth Casner Joseph E. Parrillo R. Phillip Dellinger Stephen Trzeciak | 2009 | Shock2009，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Prognostic G leason grade grouping: data based on the modified G leason scoring system显示文摘 | Phillip M. Pierorazio Patrick C. Walsh Alan W. Partin Jonathan I. Epstein | 2013 | BJU Int2013，，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Paclitaxel Stent Coating Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia at 4 Weeks in a Porcine Model of Coronary Restenosis显示文摘 | Alan W. Heldman Linda Cheng G. Mark Jenkins Phillip F. Heller Dong-Woon Kim Melvin Ware Cynthia Nater Ralph H. Hruban Banafsheh Rezai Benjamin S. Abella Katherine E. Bunge James L. Kinsella Steven J. Sollott Edward G. Lakatta Jeffrey A. Brinker William L. | 2001 | Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association2001，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Mo1291 Radiofrequency Ablation for Biliary Metal Stent Occlusion: Evolution of a Novel Endoscopic Technique and Proof of Concept显示文摘 | Yiannis Kallis Natalie Phillips Alan Steel Robert Dickinson Joanna Nicholls Long Jiao Panagiotis Vlavianos Nagy Habib David Westaby | 2012 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Significance of arterial hypotension after resuscitation from cardiac arrest显示文摘 | Stephen Trzeciak Alan E. Jones J Hope Kilgannon Barry Milcarek Krystal Hunter Nathan I. Shapiro Steven M. Hollenberg R Phillip Dellinger Joseph E. Parrillo | 2009 | Critical Care Medicine2009，，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Micropower impulse radar:a Novel technology for rapid,real-time detection of pneumothorax显示文摘 | Phillip D L Tracey W Alan G | 2011 | Emergency Medicine International2011，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | A behavioral model of an analog voltagecomparator显示文摘 | Alan M H Phillip A E | 1989 | Circuits and Systems1989，，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Early arterial hypotension is common in the post-cardiac arrest syndrome and associated with increased in-hospital mortality显示文摘 | J. Hope Kilgannon Brian W. Roberts Lisa R. Reihl Michael E. Chansky Alan E. Jones R. Phillip Dellinger Joseph E. Parrillo Stephen Trzeciak | 2008 | Resuscitation2008，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Micropower impulse radar: a novel technology for rapid,real-time detection of pneumothorax显示文摘 | Phillip D L Traeey W Alan G | 2011 | Eme- rgency Medicine International2011，3，： | 1 |
| 12 | Prospective Study of Heart Rate Variability and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure: Results of the United Kingdom Heart Failure Evaluation and Assessment of Risk Trial (UK-Heart)显示文摘 | James Nolan Phillip D. Batin Richard Andrews Steven J. Lindsay Paul Brooksby Michael Mullen Wazir Baig Andrew D. Flapan Alan Cowley Robin J. Prescott James M.M. Neilson Keith A.A. Fox | 1998 | Circulation1998，，15： | 1 |
| 13 | Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria species显示文摘 | Artur Alves Alan J.L. Phillips Isabel Henriques António Correia | 2005 | FEMS Microbiology Letters2005，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | The Putative Cancer Stem Cell Marker USP22 Is a Subunit of the Human SAGA Complex Required for Activated Transcription and Cell-Cycle Progression显示文摘 | Xiao-Yong Zhang Maya Varthi Stephen M. Sykes Charles Phillips Claude Warzecha Wenting Zhu Anastasia Wyce Alan W. Thorne Shelley L. Berger Steven B. McMahon | 2008 | Molecular Cell2008，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Correlates of Group Sex Among a Community-Based Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Washington, DC显示文摘 | Gregory Phillips Manya Magnus Irene Kuo Anthony Rawls James Peterson Tiffany West-Ojo Yujiang Jia Jenevieve Opoku Alan E. Greenberg | 2014 | AIDS and Behavior2014，，8： | 1 |
| 16 | The Putative Cancer Stem Cell Marker USP22 Is a Subunit of the Human SAGA Complex Required for Activated Transcription and Cell-Cycle Progression显示文摘 | Xiao-Yong Zhang Maya Varthi Stephen M. Sykes Charles Phillips Claude Warzecha Wenting Zhu Anastasia Wyce Alan W. Thorne Shelley L. Berger Steven B. McMahon | 2008 | Molecular Cell2008，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The clinical phenotype of two patients with a complete deletion of the iduronate-2-sulphatase gene (mucopolysaccharidosis II — Hunter syndrome)显示文摘 | James E. Wraith Alan Cooper Margaret Thornley Peter J. Wilson Paul V. Nelson C. Phillip Morris John J. Hopwood | 1991 | Human Genetics1991，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms显示文摘 | Theresa M. Phillips Alan G. Seech Hung Lee Jack T. Trevors | 2005 | Biodegradation2005，，4： | 1 |
| 19 | A macropencil beam model:clinical implementation for conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy 显示文摘 | Phillips Mark H Singer Katen M Hounsell Alan R | 1999 | Phys Med Biol1999，44，： | 1 |
| 20 | Combining Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Analgesic Efficacy for Acute Postoperative Pain显示文摘 | Cliff K. S. Ong Robin A. Seymour Phillip Lirk Alan F. Merry | 2010 | Anesthesia & Analgesia2010，，4： | 1 |
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