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| 1 | Glioma extent of resection and its impact on patient outcome显示文摘Neurosurgery. 2008 Apr;62(4):753-64; discussion 264-246.OBJECTIVE: There is still no general consensus in the literature regarding the role of extent of glioma resection in im-proving patient outcome. Although the importance of resection in obtaining tissue diagnosis and alleviating symptoms is clear, | Sanai N Berger MS | 2008 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2008，6，2： | 82 |
| 2 | 阿斯匹林在男性和女性心血管事件一级预防中的应用——随机对照试验性别特异性汇总分析显示文摘背景:阿斯匹林可降低高危成人发生心血管疾病的危险。但是,女性人群是否与男性人群一样获益,仍不清楚。
目的:确定阿斯匹林在不同性别人群心血管疾病一级预防中的获益与危险。数据来源和研究选择:数据源于MEDLINE和Cochrane中心的对照试验数据库(1966年至2005年3月)、检出文章的参考文献以及重要科学会议的报告。入选合格的研究为:在无心血管疾病参试者中进行的前瞻性阿斯匹林治疗随机对照试验,研究报告了心肌梗死、卒中和心血管病死亡数据。共检出6项试验95456名个体。其中3项试验仅包括男性,1项试验仅包括女性,另外2项试验包括两种性别。
数据提取:审查、确定随机研究的患者数量、平均随访时间和终点事件(复合心血管事件[非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中和心血管死亡]以及具体每种心血管事件和大出血事件的发生)。
数据综合:在51342例女性中,有1285例发生主要心血管事件:卒中625例,心肌梗死469例,心血管死亡364例。阿斯匹林显著减少心血管事件12%(优势比[oddsratio,OR],0.86;95%可信区间[CI],0.79-0.99;P=0.03),显著减少卒中事件17%(OR,0.83;95%CI,0.70-0.97;P=0.02),后者反映的是缺血性卒中的降低(OR,0.76;95%、CI,0.63-0.93;P=0.08);对心肌梗死和心血管死亡无显著影响。在44114例男性试验对象中,有2047例发生主要心血管事件:卒中597例,心肌梗死1023例,心血管死亡776例。阿斯匹林显著减少心血管事件14%(OR,0.86;95%CI,0.78-0.94;P=0.01),减少心肌梗死32%(OR,0.68;95%CI,0.54-0.86;P=0.001);对卒中和心血管疾病所致死亡无显著影响。阿斯匹林治疗增加了女性(OR,1.68;95%CI,1.13-2.52;P=0.01)和男性(OR,1.72;95%CI,1.35—2.20;P〈0.001)的出血危险。
结论:对于女性和男性,由于阿斯匹林减少了女性缺血性卒中以及男性心肌梗死事件的发生,故降低了他们发生复合心血管事件的危险。阿斯匹林显著增加出血危险,女性与男性出血危险相似。 | Jeffrey S. Berger Maria C. Roncaglioni Fausto Avanzini Ierta Pangrazzi Gianni Tognoni David L. Brown 崔艳丽(译) 赵秀丽(校) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，5： | 40 |
| 3 | High miR-196a levels promote the oncogenic phenotype of colorectal cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To analyze the relevance of the microRNA miR-196a for colorectal oncogenesis. METHODS: The impact of miR-196a on the restriction targets HoxA7, HoxB8, HoxC8 and HoxD8 was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after transient transfection of SW480 cancer cells. The miR-196a transcription profile in colorectal cancer samples, mucosa samples and diverse cancer cell lines was quantifi ed by RT-PCR. Transiently miR-196a-transfected colorectal cancer cells were used for diverse functional assays in vitro and for a xenograft lung metastasis model in vivo. RESULTS: HoxA7, HoxB8, HoxC8 and HoxD8 were restricted by miR-196a in a dose-dependent and gene-specific manner. High levels of miR-196a activated the AKT signaling pathway as indicated by increased phosphorylation of AKT. In addition, high levels of miR-196a promoted cancer cell detachment,migration, invasion and chemosensitivity towards platin derivatives but did not impact on proliferation or apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-196a increased the development of lung metastases in mice after tail vein injection. CONCLUSION: miR-196a exerts a pro-oncogenic influence in colorectal cancer. | Carl Christoph Schimanski Kirsten Frerichs Fareed Rahman Martin Berger Hauke Lang Peter R Galle Markus Moehler Ines Gockel | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，17： | 40 |
| 4 | 2016 SOGC临床实践指南:妊娠期糖尿病显示文摘由加拿大妇产科医生协会(SOGC)制定的妊娠期糖尿病指南综述了关于妊娠期糖尿病诊断和产科管理的相关证据,评价母婴的短期和长期结局,包括先兆子痫、剖宫产、将来患糖尿病和其他心血管并发症的风险;以及胎儿结局,包括先天异常、死胎、巨大儿、产伤、低血糖症和长远影响。根据加拿大预防保健工作组报告(Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care)的标准评定证据质量等级。 | Howard Berger Robert Gagnon Mathew Sermer 本刊编辑部(译) | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，32： | 38 |
| 5 | Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach: Impact on prognosis and specific therapeutic challenge显示文摘While the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased worldwide in recent decades,the incidence of signetring cell carcinoma(SRCC) is rising. SRCC has a specific epidemiology and oncogenesis and has two forms: early gastric cancer,which can be resected endoscopically in some cases and which has a better outcome than non-SRCC,and advanced gastric cancer,which is generally thought to have a worse prognosis and lower chemosensitivity than non-SRCC. However,the prognosis of SRCC and its chemosensitivity with specific regimens are still controversial as SRCC is not specifically identified in most studies and its poor prognosis may be due to its more advanced stage. It therefore remains unclear if a specific therapeutic strategy is justified,as the benefit of perioperative chemotherapy and the value of taxanebased chemotherapy are unclear. In this review we analyze recent data on the epidemiology,oncogenesis,prognosis and specific therapeutic strategies in both early and advanced SRCC of the stomach and in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. | Simon Pernot Thibault Voron Geraldine Perkins Christine Lagorce-Pages Anne Berger Julien Taieb | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 30 |
| 6 | DNA damaging agent-induced autophagy produces a cytoprotective adenosine triphosphate surge in malignant glioma cells显示文摘 | Katayama M Kawaguchi T Berger MS Pieper RO | 2007 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2007，5，4： | 28 |
| 7 | 组织工程化人工神经修复长段神经缺损实验的初步报告显示文摘目的 研究组织工程化人工神经修复大鼠 2 .5cm长坐骨神经缺损的效果。方法 90只 2个月月龄的Lewis 1W雌性大鼠 ,按手术先后顺序随机分成 3个神经移植组 ,每组 3 0只。A组 :用种植同源雪旺细胞并具有内部支架结构的胶原神经管桥接 ,即组织工程化人工神经组。B组 :用无雪旺细胞但具有内部支架结构的胶原神经管桥接 ,即对照组。C组 :自体神经移植组。术后 6个月 ,进行神经电生理监测 ,神经肌肉组织学观察 ;用S 10 0和神经微丝蛋白免疫组化染色后 ,行轴突计数等检测。结果 完成对 2 1只大鼠 (每组 7只 )的实验评估。从A组和C组的胫前肌中均能诱发出波幅明显的神经肌肉复合动作电位 (CMAP) ,再生轴突已通过移植段神经全长 ,远端肌肉轻度萎缩。B组中则没有或仅记录到波幅很低的CMAP ,移植神经远端结缔纤维组织增生 ,再生轴突罕见 ,所支配肌肉明显萎缩。结论 组织工程化人工神经可用来修复大鼠长段神经缺损。 | 沈尊理 Berger Alfred Hierner Robert Lohmeyer Joern Allmeling Christina Walter F.Gerhard | 2001 | 中华手外科杂志2001，17，2： | 22 |
| 8 | 组织工程化人工神经内部支架及其生物相容性研究显示文摘目的 研制组织工程化人工神经内生长雪旺细胞的内部支架结构。方法 用 6 0的生物可吸收Vicryl 或PDS 纤维 ,在硅胶圈上编织成三维立体网架 ,经Matrigel蛋白胶涂层 ,与 10 6/ml新生或成年鼠雪旺细胞共同培养 3d。Live/Dead荧光染色和扫描电镜观察细胞贴附情况。将 10根经Matrigel蛋白胶涂层的Vicryl 或PDS 纤维 ,植入 1.5cm长的胶原神经管内 ,然后将其桥接于Lewis鼠坐骨神经缺损处。术后 5周取材作组织学和透射电镜观察。结果 在三维立体网架上 ,雪旺细胞沿纤维纵轴贴附伸展 ,并围绕纤维形成多条细胞链。荧光染色显示在纤维上有纵行的活细胞带 ,并见到多层重叠现象。组织工程化人工神经在体内 5周 ,含有涂层纤维的胶原神经管表面为有丰富的新生血管的软组织所取代。神经束已沿生物纤维越过神经管中点。结论 培养的雪旺细胞在纤维网架上贴附生长 ,类似瓦勒变性后形成的“Bungner”带 ,被认为是合适的人工神经内部支架结构。实验结果表明 ,种植纤维的胶原神经管体 。 | 沈尊理 Berger Alfred Hierner Robert | 2000 | 中华手外科杂志2000，16，4： | 17 |
| 9 | Endoscopic and histologic characteristics of serrated lesions显示文摘In recent years , a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis , distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp,characterised by a serrated appearance of the crypts:hyperplastic polyps(HP),sessile serrated adenomas(SSA)or lesions,and traditional serrated adenomas.Each lesion has its own genetic,as well as macroscopic and microscopic morphological features.Because of their flat aspect,their detection is easier with chromoendoscopy(carmin indigo or narrow-band imaging).However,as we show in this review,the distinction between SSA and HP is quite difficult.It is now recommended to resect in one piece as it is possible the serrated polyps with a control in a delay depending on the presence or not of dysplasia.These different types of lesion are described in detail in the present review in general population,in polyposis and in inflammatory bowel diseases patients.This review highlights the need to improve characterization and understanding of this way of colorectal cancerogenesis. | Driffa Moussata Gilles Boschetti Marion Chauvenet Karine Stroeymeyt Stéphane Nancey Franoise Berger Thierry Lecomte Bernard Flourié | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，10： | 14 |
| 10 | Post-Translational Derepression of Invertase Activity in Source Leaves via Down-Regulation of Invertase Inhibitor Expression Is Part of the Plant Defense Response显示文摘正在增加病原体做的证据不仅得到直接防卫回答,而且在主要糖类新陈代谢引起显著变化。Cell-wall-bound 转化酶属于糖类划分和来源水池关系的关键管理者。而研究到目前为止响应病原体感染仅仅集中了于转化酶基因的 transcriptional 正式就职,转化酶活动的 translational 以后规定的角色被忽视了并且是现在的学习的焦点。表示分析表明高 mRNA 在 Arabidopsis thaliana 的来源叶子从三个 proteinaceous 转化酶禁止者一个铺平被 Pseudomonas syringae pv 的剧毒的紧张强烈在感染之上镇压。西红柿 DC3000。这压抑是由在转化酶禁止者活动的减少的 paralleled。这规章的机制的生理的角色被发现那在由 P 的感染之上仅仅在 situ 转化酶活动是可检测的揭示。syringae。相反,一项高转化酶活动能在 vitro 被测量在粗略并且准备从的房间墙摘录感染并且非感染的叶子。差异在之间在里面 situ 并且在在 situ 的控制叶子和高度的 vitro 转化酶活动,在感染的叶子的转化酶活动能被转化酶禁止者表示和伴随物减小的病原体依赖者压抑在转化酶禁止者活动解释。从为防卫反应的 translational 以后抑制的转化酶的版本的功能的重要性被竞争化学转化酶禁止者 acarbose 的申请证实。由在叶子的 acarbose 的渗入的细胞外的转化酶活动的 translational 以后抑制被显示增加危险性到 P。syringae。光合作用的压抑和细菌的生长的提升的空间、时间的动力学上的转化酶抑制的影响在植物防卫为细胞外的转化酶在病原体感染期间支持一个角色。危险性的调停 acarbose 的增加在 sid2 和 cpr6 异种也是可检测的并且导致了水杨酸酸的稍微提高的层次,证明效果独立于水杨酸调整酸的防卫小径。这些调查结果为在来源叶子发现被使蛋白质被在转化酶和转化酶禁止者之间的 translational 以后相互作用在 situ 禁止了的高可引出的转化酶活动提供解释。在病原体感染之上,转化酶活动被转化酶禁止者表示的压抑释放,因此连接水池力量的本地正式就职到植物防卫反应。 | Katharina B. Bonfig Andrea Gabler Uwe K. Simon Nora Luschin-Ebengreuth Martina Hatz Susanne Berger Naseem Muhammad Jurgen Zeier Alok K. Sinha Thomas Roitsch | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，6： | 14 |
| 11 | 液质联用(LC/MS)技术在单克隆抗体(曲妥珠单抗)结构表征上的应用显示文摘目的:应用LC/MS(液质联用)和LC/MSE方法(液相色谱/非数据依赖二级质谱数据采集方法,等频率切换高与低碰撞能量进行质谱数据扫描)对单克隆抗体(曲妥珠单抗,人源化单克隆免疫球蛋白IgG1)的结构进行深度表征。方法:先用LC/MS对曲妥珠单抗完整蛋白及其亚基(轻链和重链)的相对分子质量进行测定;然后用多种酶(胰蛋白酶和AspN)酶解蛋白并用LC/MSE肽图分析法对曲妥珠单抗的氨基酸全序列进行解析和确定,同时对可能发生的翻译后修饰(PTMs)进行定性和定量分析。再通过PNGase F酶来释放抗体上的糖链并应用LC/FLR/MS(液相色谱荧光检测与质谱联用)方法对其糖基化修饰进行结构分析及确认。结果:对曲妥珠单抗的完整蛋白及其亚基(轻链和重链)的相对分子质量测定得到良好的质量准确度,由此可判定特定蛋白修饰在轻链和重链上的分布。通过对曲妥珠单抗酶解后的氨基酸全序列确认,可对其翻译后修饰以及可能的错误氨基酸序列进行解析。该抗体肽图分析的氨基酸序列覆盖率是100%。糖基化分析是通过对游离的N-链接寡糖进行2-AB荧光标记后再用LC/FLR/MS(液相色谱荧光检测与质谱联用)方法来进行的。联合使用这些分析方法,能够有效地对不同批号和不同工艺的抗体药物进行常规质量检测和深度表征,控制药物质量,为患者提供安全可靠的生物治疗药品。结论:结合液质联用(LC/MS和LC/MSE)技术,通过完整蛋白相对分子质量的测量,肽图分析测定氨基酸序列以及翻译后修饰的定性和定量分析,结合游离N-链接寡糖的分析表征,对单克隆抗体曲妥珠单抗进行了全面的结构表征,并建立了一套单克隆抗体结构表征的平台化方案。 | Henry Shion Asish Chakraborty YU Ying-qing 陈熙 孙庆龙 Scott Berger CHEN Wei-bin 宋兰坤 | 2014 | 中国新药杂志2014，23，4： | 13 |
| 12 | Optimal timing and route of nutritional support after esophagectomy: A review of the literature显示文摘Some controversy surrounds the postoperative feeding regimen utilized in patients who undergo esophagectomy.Variation in practices during the perioperative period exists including the type of nutrition started,the delivery route,and its timing.Adequate nutrition is essential for this patient population as these patients often present with weight loss and have altered eating patterns after surgery,which can affect their ability to regain or maintain weight.Methods of feeding after an esophagectomy include total parenteral nutrition,nasoduodenal/nasojejunal tube feeding,jejunostomy tube feeding,and oral feeding.Recent evidence suggests that early oral feeding is associated with shorter LOS,faster return of bowel function,and improved quality of life.Enhanced recovery pathways after surgery pathways after esophagectomy with a component of early oral feeding also seem to be safe,feasible,and cost-effective,albeit with limited data.However,data on anastomotic leaks is mixed,and some studies suggest that the incidence of leaks may be higher with early oral feeding.This risk of anastomotic leak with early feeding may be heavily modulated by surgical approach.No definitive data is currently available to definitively answer this question,and further studies should look at how these early feeding regimens vary by surgical technique.This review aims to discuss the existing literature on the optimal route and timing of feeding after esophagectomy. | Richard Zheng Courtney L Devin Michael J Pucci Adam C Berger Ernest L Rosato Francesco Palazzo | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 11 |
| 13 | QSAR Studies on the Toxicity of Nitrobenzenes to Population Growth of Tetrahymena Pyriformis显示文摘The IGC 50 (50% inhibitory growth concentration) values of 27 nitrobenzenes were determined for the population growth endpoint of Tetrahymena pyriformis . The toxicity order of the observed compounds was found to be as follows: dinitro compounds>mononitro compounds, dichloronitrobenzenes>monochloronitrobenzenes, meta substituted nitrobenzenes>ortho /para substituted nitrobenzenes(NT, NPh, NAnis) except for the dinitrobenzenes and nitroanilines(DNB, NAn). Quantitative structure activity relationships(QSARs) were developed with the logarithm of the reciprocal of IGC 50 [lg(IGC 50 ) -1 ] in mole liter as dependent variable and six molecular descriptors lg P , 1 X Ⅴ, I, 1K a, ∑σ - and E LUMO as independent variables. Via multiple regression analysis, one best equation was obtained: lg(IGC 50 ) -1 =3.029+0.860∑ σ -+0.341I n=27, r=0.924, r 2=0.854, s=0.265, f=70.44 , Pr> f =0.000 1 The equation was used to estimate IGC 50 for five analogues. | XU Jing bo 1** , JING Ti song 2, Pauli W. 3 and Berger S. 31. Department of Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R.China 2. College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, P.R. China | 2002 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2002，18，3： | 9 |
| 14 | Estimating steatosis and fibrosis: Comparison of acoustic structure quantification with established techniques显示文摘AIM:To compare ultrasound-based acoustic structure quantification(ASQ) with established non-invasive techniques for grading and staging fatty liver disease.METHODS:Type 2 diabetic patients at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(n = 50) and healthy volunteers(n = 20) were evaluated using laboratory analysis and anthropometric measurements, transient elastography(TE), controlled attenuation parameter(CAP), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS; only available for the diabetic cohort), and ASQ.ASQ parameters mode, average and focal disturbance(FD) ratio were compared with:(1) the extent of liver fibrosis estimated from TE and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis scores; and(2) the amount of steatosis, which was classified according to CAP values.RESULTS:Forty-seven diabetic patients(age 67.0±8.6 years;body mass index 29.4±4.5 kg/m2)with reliable CAP measurements and all controls(age 26.5±3.2 years;body mass index 22.0±2.7 kg/m2)were included in the analysis.All ASQ parameters showed differences between healthy controls and diabetic patients(P<0.001,respectively).The ASQ FD ratio(logarithmic)correlated with the CAP(r=-0.81,P<0.001)and 1H-MRS(r=-0.43,P=0.004)results.The FD ratio[CAP<250 d B/m:107(102-109),CAP between 250 and 300 d B/m:106(102-114);CAP between 300 and 350 d B/m:105(100-112),CAP≥350 d B/m:102(99-108)]as well as mode and average parameters,were reduced in cases with advanced steatosis(ANOVA P<0.05).However,none of the ASQ parameters showed a significant difference in patients with advanced fibrosis,as determined by TE and the NAFLD fibrosis score(P>0.08,respectively).CONCLUSION:ASQ parameters correlate with steatosis,but not with fibrosis in fatty liver disease.Steatosis estimation with ASQ should be further evaluated in biopsy-controlled studies. | Thomas Karlas Joachim Berger Nikita Garnov Franziska Lindner Harald Busse Nicolas Linder Alexander Schaudinn Bettina Relke Rima Chakaroun Michael Trltzsch Johannes Wiegand Volker Keim | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，16： | 9 |
| 15 | Activins and activin antagonists in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘In many parts of the world hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality but the underlying molecular pathology is still insufficiently understood.There is increasing evidence that activins,which are members of the transforming growth factorβ(TGFβ)superfamily of growth and differentiation factors,could play important roles in liver carcinogenesis.Activins are disulphide-linked homo- or heterodimers formed from four differentβsubunits termedβA,βB,βC,andβE,respectively.Activin A, the dimer of twoβA subunits,is critically involved in the regulation of cell growth,apoptosis,and tissue architecture in the liver,while the hepatic function of other activins is largely unexplored so far.Negative regulators of activin signals include antagonists in the extracellular space like the binding proteins follistatin and FLRG,and at the cell membrane antagonistic coreceptors like Cripto or BAMBI.Additionally,in the intracellular space inhibitory Smads can modulate and control activin activity.Accumulating data suggest that deregulation of activin signals contributes to pathologic conditions such as chronic inflammation,fibrosis and development of cancer.The current article reviews the alterations in components of the activin signaling pathway that have been observed in HCC and discusses their potential significance for liver tumorigenesis. | Alev Deli Emanuel Kreidl Stefan Santifaller Barbara Trotter Katja Seir Walter Berger Rolf Schulte-Hermann Chantal Rodgarkia-Dara Michael Grusch | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 8 |
| 16 | Repeated operations for infiltrative low - grade gliomas without intervening therapy.显示文摘OBJECT:Progression of infiltrative low-grade gliomas(LGGs)has been reported previously.The limitations ofsuch studies include diverse histological grading systems,intervening therapy,and the lack of histological confir-mation of malignant tumor progression.The aim of this study was to determine tumor progression in adult patientswith an initial diagnosis of infiltrative LGG who subsequently underwent a repeated operation,but no other inter-vening therapy.The authors examined factors that may be associated with tumor progression. | Schmidt MH Berger MS Lamborn KR Aldape K McDermott MW Prados MD Chang SM | 2003 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2003，1，2： | 8 |
| 17 | 离体的细胞外电刺激装置的优化和验证(英文)显示文摘为了研究高频电刺激的机理,我们设计了一个离体的细胞外电刺激培养细胞的装置,它能适用临床上外科治疗巴金森病的深部脑刺激的参数。此装置在24孔培养板相邻的两个孔中,架上钛金属丝桥;或者在10 cm直径的培养皿中,安置2条平行的钛金属丝。我们证明它在GH3和PC12细胞的培养中无毒性。初步的实验结果显示它适用于离体细胞新陈代谢变化的实验,基因芯片及蛋白芯片等技术的实验。 | 夏蓉 Franis Berger Alim-Louis Benabid | 2007 | 神经解剖学杂志2007，23，5： | 7 |
| 18 | Early life exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs):A critical review显示文摘Due to the dynamic developmental processes during pregnancy,infancy,childhood and adolescence,exposure to PFASs is hypothesized to have the most pronounced negative effects during this period.In this review we critically evaluate the current state of the science regarding human early life exposure processes(until 18 years of age)to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).Efficient placental transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)results in relatively high prenatal exposure compared with many neutral organic contaminants.The few biomonitoring studies that specifically target infants,toddlers and other children suggest relatively high serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in early life with peak concentrations occurring sometime before the child reaches 20 months.This peak in serum concentrations is most likely explained by exposure via breastfeeding,ingestion of house dust and/or specific contact events with consumer products leading to high body weight normalized estimated daily intakes(EDIs).Although children have higher EDIs of PFASs than adults,these are not always reflected by higher serum levels of PFASs in children in cross-sectional biomonitoring studies due to the confounding effect of age and birth cohort,and different exposure histories due to production changes.Longitudinal exposure studies measuring internal and external exposure(for multiple pathways and PFASs)at several time points during early life are strongly encouraged to understand temporal changes in exposure of individual children.A better quantitative understanding of early life exposure processes would help to improve the validity of epidemiological studies and allow informed decisions regarding setting of regulatory thresholds and appropriate mitigation actions. | Kerstin Winkens Robin Vestergren Urs Berger Ian TCousins | 2017 | Emerging Contaminants2017，3，2： | 6 |
| 19 | 气候变化对全球葡萄种植和葡萄酒酿造的影响显示文摘葡萄的生长与环境和气候条件有着密切的关系,因此,世界葡萄种植区局限于一定的纬度范围内。最近几年中,北半球的葡萄种植随着气候变暖已经发生了很大改变,不同的气候条件决定了不同类型的葡萄酒的生产。在欧洲,从北到南因气候条件不同可以生产起泡酒、干白葡萄酒和干红葡萄酒,此外还有鲜食葡萄和葡萄干的生产。 | Jean-Luc BERGER | 2008 | 中外葡萄与葡萄酒2008，，5： | 6 |
| 20 | Palliative chemotherapy for gastroesophageal cancer in old and very old patients: A retrospective cohort study at the National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg显示文摘AIM:To investigate the outcome of palliative chemotherapy in old patients with gastroesophageal cancer at the National Center for Tumor Diseases,Heidelberg.METHODS:Using a prospectively generated database,we retrospectively analyzed 55 patients≥70years under palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastroesophageal cancer at the outpatient clinic of the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg,Germany between January 2006 and December2013.Further requirements for inclusion were(1)histologically proven diagnosis of gastroesophageal cancer;(2)advanced(metastatic or inoperable)disease;and(3)no history of radiation or radiochemotherapy.The clinical information included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS),presence and site of metastases at diagnosis,date of previous surgery and perioperative chemotherapy,start and stop date of first-line treatment,toxicities and consecutive dosage reductions of first-line treatment,response to first-line therapy,date of progression,usage of second-line therapies and date and cause of death.Survival times[progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS)and residual survival(RS)]were calculated.Toxicity and safety were examined.Prognostic factors including ECOG PS,age and previousperioperative treatment were analyzed.RESULTS:Median age of our cohort was 76 years.86%of patients received a combination of two cytotoxic drugs.76 percent of patients had an oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy with the oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil regimen being the predominantely chosen regimen(69%).Drug modifications due to toxicity were necessary in 56%of patients,and 11%of patients stopped treatment due to toxicities.Survival times of our cohort are in good accordance with the major phaseⅢtrials that included mostly younger patients:PFS and OS were 5.8 and 9.5 mo,respectively.Survival differed significantly between patient groups with low(≤1)and high(≥2)ECOG PS(12.7 mo vs 3.8 mo,P<0.001).Very old patients(≥75 years)did not show a worse outcome in terms of survival.Patients receiving secondline treatment(51%)had a significantly longer RS than patients with best supportive care(6.8 vs 1.4 mo,P=0.001).Initial ECOG PS was a strong prognostic factor for PFS,OS and RS.CONCLUSION:Old patients with non-curable gastroesophageal cancer should be offered chemotherapy,and ECOG PS is a tool for balancing benefit and harm upfront.Second-line treatment is reasonable. | Anne Katrin Berger Stefanie Zschaebitz Christine Komander Dirk Jger Georg Martin Haag | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，16： | 6 |
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