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| 1 | Hepatitis C virus syndrome: A constellation of organ-and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer显示文摘The clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is characterized by possible development of both liver and extrahepatic disorders. The tropism of HCV for the lymphoid tissue is responsible for several immune-mediated disorders; a poly-oligoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion, commonly observed in a high proportion of patients with HCV infection, are responsible for the production of different autoantibodies and immune-complexes, such as mixed cryoglobulins. These serological alterations may characterize a variety of autoimmune or neoplastic diseases. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis due to small-vessel deposition of circulating mixed cryoglobulins is the prototype of HCV-driven immune-mediated and lymphoproliferative disorders; interestingly, in some cases the disease may evolve to frank malignant lymphoma. In addition, HCV shows an oncogenic potential as suggested by several clinicoepidemiological and laboratory studies; in addition to hepatocellular carcinoma that represents the most frequent HCV-related malignancy, a causative role of HCV has been largely demonstrated in a significant percentage of patients with isolated B-cells nonHodgkin's lymphomas. The same virus may be also involved in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer, a rare neoplastic condition that may complicate HCVrelated thyroid involvement. Patients with HCV infection are frequently asymptomatic or may develop only hepatic alteration, while a limited but clinically relevant number can develop one or more autoimmune and/or neoplastic disorders. Given the large variability of their prevalence among patients' populations from different countries, it is possible to hypothesize a potential role of other co-factors, i.e., genetic and/or environmental, in the pathogenesis of HCV-related extra-hepatic diseases. | Clodoveo Ferri Marco Sebastiani Dilia Giuggioli Michele Colaci Poupak Fallahi Alessia Piluso Alessandro Antonelli Anna Linda Zignego | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 11 |
| 2 | Hepatitis C virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders:An overview显示文摘Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health problem affecting 3% of the world’s population (about 180 million) and a cause of both hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, whose prototype is mixed cryoglobulinemia, represent the most closely related as well as the most investigated HCV- related extrahepatic disorder. The association between extrahepatic (lymphoma) as well as hepatic malignancies (hepatocellular carcinoma) has justified the inclusion of HCV among human cancer viruses. HCV-associated manifestations also include porphyria cutanea tarda, lichen planus, nephropathies, thyreopathies, sicca syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes, chronic polyarthritis, sexual dysfunctions, cardiopathy/ atherosclerosis, and psychopathological disorders. A pathogenetic link between HCV virus and some lymphoproliferative disorders was confirmed by their responsiveness to antiviral therapy, which is now considered the first choice treatment. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection with particular attention to B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Available pathogenetic hypotheses and suggestions about the most appropriate, currently available, therapeutic approaches will also be discussed. | Anna Linda Zignego Carlo Giannini Clodoveo Ferri | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，17： | 5 |
| 3 | Clinical epidemiology of chronic viral hepatitis B:A Tuscany real-world large-scale cohort study显示文摘AIM To build a regional database of chronic patients to define the clinical epidemiology of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients in the Tuscan public health care system.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional cohort design. We evaluated chronic viral hepatitis patients with HBV referred to the outpatient services of 16 hospital units. Information in the case report forms included main demographic data, blood chemistry data, viral hepatitis markers, instrumental evaluations, and eligibility for treatment or ongoing therapy and liver transplantation. RESULTS Of 4015 chronic viral hepatitis patients, 1096(27.3%) were HBV infected. The case report form was correctly completed for only 833 patients(64% males, 36% females; mean age 50.1 ± 15.4). Of these HBV-infected patients, 73% were Caucasian, 21% Asian, 4% Central African, 1% North African and 1% American. Stratifying patients by age and nationality, we found that 21.7% of HBV-infected patients were aged < 34 years(only 2.8% were Italian). The most represented routes of transmission were nosocomial/dental procedures(23%), mother-to-child(17%) and sexual transmission(12%). The most represented HBV genotypes were D(72%) and A(14%). Of the patients, 24.7% of patients were HBe Ag positive, and 75.3% were HBe Ag negative. Of the HBV patients 7% were anti-HDV positive. In the whole cohort, 26.9% were cirrhotic(35.8% aged < 45 years), and 47% were eligible for or currently undergoing treatment, of whom 41.9 % were cirrhotic. CONCLUSION Only 27.3% of chronic viral hepatitis patients were HBV infected. Our results provide evidence of HBV infection in people aged < 34 years, especially in the foreign population not protected by vaccination. In our cohort of patients, liver cirrhosis was also found in young adults. | Cristina Stasi Caterina Silvestri Roberto Berni Maurizia Rossana Brunetto Anna Linda Zignego Cristina Orsini Stefano Milani Liana Ricciardi Andrea De Luca Pierluigi Blanc Cesira Nencioni Donatella Aquilini Alessandro Bartoloni Giampaolo Bresci Santino Marchi Franco Filipponi Piero Colombatto Paolo Forte Andrea Galli Sauro Luchi Silvia Chigiotti Alessandro Nerli Giampaolo Corti Rodolfo Sacco Paola Carrai Angelo Ricchiuti Massimo Giusti Paolo Almi Andrea Cozzi Silvia Carloppi Giacomo Laffi Fabio Voller Francesco Cipriani | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，5： | 3 |
| 4 | Infection of peripheral mononuclear cells of infected patients 显示文摘 | Zignego AL Macchia D Monti M | 1992 | J Hepatol1992，15，： | 2 |
| 5 | Hepatitis C virus RNA localization in human carotid plaques显示文摘 | Maria Boddi Rosanna Abbate Benedetta Chellini Betti Giusti Carlo Giannini Giovanni Pratesi Luciana Rossi Carlo Pratesi Gian Franco Gensini Laura Paperetti Anna Linda Zignego | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Virology2009，，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Micro RNA expression in hepatitis C virus-related malignancies: A brief review显示文摘Not only is chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection a major public health problem,but also it can cause hepatocellular carcinoma and,more rarely,nonHodgkin's lymphoma.These characteristics mean that HCV is the only virus infecting humans that is able to cause two different cancers.The fine pathogenetic and molecular mechanisms by which HCV induces these two malignancies are not completely clear.In the last decade,it has been shown that microRNAs(miRNAs),a class of 21-23-nucleotide molecules modulating posttranscriptional gene expression,make an important contribution to the pathogenesis of several cancers and are also considered highly promising biomarkers.Here,we briefly describe the current knowledge about microRNAs' involvement in HCV-related molecular oncogenesis.We decided to focus our attention on studies fully conducted on ex vivo samples with this specific etiology,and on cultured cell lines partially or completely expressing the HCV genome.Some of the results reported in this review are controversial,possibly because of methodological issues,differences in sampling size and features,and ethnicity of patients.What is certain is that miRNAs play a remarkable role in regulating gene expression during oncogenetic processes and in viral infection.A clear understanding of their effects is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms underlying virus-induced malignancies. | Laura Gragnani Alessia Piluso Elisa Fognani Anna Linda Zignego | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 2 |
| 7 | Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘 | Patrice Cacoub Laura Gragnani Cloe Comarmond Anna Linda Zignego | 2014 | Digestive and Liver Disease2014，，： | 2 |
| 8 | Infection of peripheral mononuclear blood cells by hepatitis C virus显示文摘 | Zignego AL Macchia D Monti M | 1992 | J Hepatol1992，15，： | 1 |
| 9 | Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 显示文摘 | Ferri C Caraciolo E Zignego A | 1994 | Br J Haematol1994，88，： | 1 |
| 10 | Recommen- dations for the management of mixed cryoglobulinemia syn- drome in hepatitis C virus - infected patients显示文摘 | Pietrogrande M De Vita S Zignego AL | 2011 | Autoimmun Rev2011，10，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Cryoglobulins(review)显示文摘 | Ferri C Zignego AL Pileri SA | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Recommendations for the management of mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome in hepatitis C virus–infected patients显示文摘 | PietrograndeM De VitaS ZignegoAL | 2011 | Autoimmun Rev2011，10，44： | 1 |
| 13 | Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection显示文摘 | Anna Linda Zignego Antonio Craxì | 2008 | Clinics in Liver Disease2008，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Infection of peripheral mononuclear blood cells by hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Zignego A L Macchia D Monti M | 1992 | Hepatol1992，15，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Cryoglobulins显示文摘 | Ferri C Zignego AL Pileri SA | 2002 | Clin Pathol2002，55，1： | 1 |
| 16 | T ( 14 : 18 ) transloca- tion in chronic hepatitis C vires infection 显示文摘 | Zignego AL Giannelli E Marrocchi ME | 2000 | Hepatology2000，31，2： | 1 |
| 17 | B-cells and mixed cryoglobulinemia显示文摘 | Clodoveo Ferri Alessandro Antonelli Maria Teresa Mascia Marco Sebastiani Poupak Fallahi Daniela Ferrari Marco Giunti Stefano A. Pileri Anna Linda Zignego | 2007 | Autoimmunity Reviews2007，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Low serum tryptophan levels, reduced macrophage IDO activity and high frequency of psychopathology in HCV patients显示文摘 | Cozzi A Zignego AL Carpendo R | 2006 | J Viral Hepat2006，13，40： | 1 |
| 19 | Recommendations for the management of mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome in hepatitis C virus-infected patients显示文摘 | Maurizio Pietrogrande Salvatore De Vita Anna Linda Zignego Pietro Pioltelli Domenico Sansonno Salvatore Sollima Fabiola Atzeni Francesco Saccardo Luca Quartuccio Savino Bruno Raffaele Bruno Mauro Campanini Marco Candela Laura Castelnovo Armando Gabrielli | 2011 | Autoimmunity Reviews2011，，8： | 1 |
| 20 | A phase II, single-arm multicenter study of low-dose rituximab for refractory mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘 | Marcella Visentini Serena Ludovisi Antonio Petrarca Federica Pulvirenti Marco Zaramella Monica Monti Valentina Conti Jessica Ranieri Stefania Colantuono Elisa Fognani Alessia Piluso Carmine Tinelli Anna Linda Zignego Mario U. Mondelli Massimo Fiorilli Mil | 2011 | Autoimmunity Reviews2011，，11： | 1 |
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