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| 1 | Antibiotics,gut microbiota,and irritable bowel syndrome:What are the relations?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a functional gastrointestinal disorder in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits(constipation,diarrhea,or both),and it is often accompanied by symptoms of abdominal bloating and distension.IBS is an important health care issue because it negatively affects the quality of life of patients and places a considerable financial burden on health care systems.Despite extensive research,the etiology and underlying pathophysiology of IBS remain incompletely understood.Proposed mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis include increased intestinal permeability,changes in the immune system,visceral hypersensitivity,impaired gut motility,and emotional disorders.Recently,accumulating evidence has highlighted the important role of the gut microbiota in the development of IBS.Microbial dysbiosis within the gut is thought to contribute to all aspects of its multifactorial pathogenesis.The last few decades have also seen an increasing interest in the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota.Moreover,antibiotics have been suggested to play a role in the development of IBS.Extensive research has established that antibacterial therapy induces remarkable shifts in the bacterial community composition that are quite similar to those observed in IBS.This suggestion is further supported by data from cohort and case-control studies,indicating that antibiotic treatment is associated with an increased risk of IBS.This paper summarizes the main findings on this issue and contributes to a deeper understanding of the link between antibiotic use and the development of IBS. | Zarina Mamieva Elena Poluektova Valery Svistushkin Vasily Sobolev Oleg Shifrin Francisco Guarner Vladimir Ivashkin | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，12： | 8 |
| 2 | Cytokine production in patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 polymorphisms显示文摘AIM:To analyze the cytokine production by peripheral blood cells from cirrhotic patients with and without TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms.METHODS:The study included nine patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms,and 10 wild-type patients matched for age,sex and degree of liver failure.TLR4 polymorphisms were determined by sequence-based genotyping.Cytokine production by peripheral blood cells was assessed spontaneously and also after lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and lipoteichoic acid(LTA)stimulation.RESULTS:Patients with TLR4 polymorphisms had a higher incidence of previous hepatic encephalopathy than wild-type patients(78%vs 20%,P=0.02).Spontaneous production of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 was lower in patients with TLR4 polymorphisms than in wild-type patients[IL-6:888.7(172.0-2119.3)pg/m L vs 5540.4(1159.2-26053.9)pg/m L,P<0.001;IL-10:28.7(6.5-177.1)pg/m L vs 117.8(6.5-318.1)pg/m L,P=0.02].However,the production of tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-6 and IL-10 after LPS and LTA stimulation was similar in the two groups.CONCLUSION:TLR4 polymorphisms were associated with a distinctive pattern of cytokine production in cirrhotic patients,suggesting that they play a role in the development of cirrhosis complications. | Juan Camilo Nieto Elisabet Sánchez Eva Román Silvia Vidal Laia Oliva Carlos Guarner-Argente Maria Poca Xavier Torras Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner German Soriano | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 5 |
| 3 | A Global Perspective on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Consensus Statement of the World Gastroenterology Organisation Summit Task Force on Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | Eamonn M. M. Quigley Hussein Abdel-Hamid Giovanni Barbara Shobna J. Bhatia Guy Boeckxstaens Roberto De Giorgio Michel Delvaux Douglas A. Drossman Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein Francisco Guarner Kok-Ann Gwee Lucinda A. Harris A. Pali S. Hungin Richard H. Hunt John | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2012，，5： | 4 |
| 4 | Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites显示文摘AIM To assess the relationship between the presence of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) polymorphisms and bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites. METHODS We prospectively included consecutive patients with cirrhosis and ascites hospitalized during a 6-year period. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection or any other immunodeficiency, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(beyond Milan's criteria) or any other condition determining poor short-term prognosis, and patients with a permanent urinary catheter were excluded. The presence of D299 G and/or T399 I TLR4 polymorphisms was determined by sequencing and related to the incidence and probability of bacterial infections, other complications of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality during follow-up. A multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables of mortality in the whole series was performed. RESULTS We included 258 patients: 28(10.8%) were carriers of D299G and/or T399I TLR4 polymorphisms(polymorphism group) and 230 patients were not(wildtype group). The probability of developing any bacterial infection at one-year follow-up was 78% in the polymorphism group and 69% in the wild-type group(P = 0.54). The one-year probability of presenting infections caused by gram-negative bacilli(51% vs 44%, P = 0.68), infections caused by gram-positive cocci(49% vs 40%, P = 0.53), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(29% vs 34%, respectively, P = 0.99) did not differ between the two groups. The oneyear probability of transplant-free survival was 55% in the polymorphism group and 66% in the wild-type group(P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, Child-Pugh score, active alcohol intake, previous hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and serum creatinine were associated with a higher risk of death during follow-up. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms D299 G and/or T399 I of TLR4 do not seem to play a relevant role in the predisposition of cirrhotic patients with ascites to bacterial infections. | Edilmar Alvarado-Tapias Carlos Guarner-Argente Elida Oblitas Elisabet Sánchez Silvia Vidal Eva Román Mar Concepción Maria Poca Cristina Gely Oana Pavel Juan Camilo Nieto Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner Germán Soriano | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Gut flora in health and disease显示文摘 | Francisco Guarner Juan-R Malagelada | 2003 | The Lancet . 2003 (9356)2003，，9356： | 3 |
| 6 | Colonisation by F aecalibacterium prausnitzii and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | E. Varela C. Manichanh M. Gallart A. Torrejón N. Borruel F. Casellas F. Guarner M. Antolin | 2013 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2013，，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions显示文摘 | Q. Aziz J. Doré A. Emmanuel F. Guarner E. M. M. Quigley | 2012 | Neurogastroenterology & Motility2012，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Probiotics显示文摘 | F Guarner G.J Schaafsma | 1998 | International Journal of Food Microbiology1998，，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Evidence-based Guidelines From ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children显示文摘 | Sibylle Koletzko Nicola L. Jones Karen J. Goodman Benjamin Gold Marion Rowland Samy Cadranel Sonny Chong Richard B. Colletti Thomas Casswall Yoram Elitsur Jeannette Guarner Nicolas Kalach Armando Madrazo Francis Megraud Giuseppina Oderda | 2011 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2011，，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites显示文摘 | Carlos Guarner Bruce A. Runyon Sharon Young Mary Heck M.Yasin Sheikh | 1997 | Journal of Hepatology1997，，6： | 2 |
| 11 | Norfloxacin vs Ceftriaxone in the Prophylaxis of Infections in Patients With Advanced Cirrhosis and Hemorrhage显示文摘 | Javier Fernández Luis Ruiz del Arbol Cristina Gómez Rosa Durandez Regina Serradilla Carlos Guarner Ramón Planas Vicente Arroyo Miguel Navasa | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Preclinieal testing of candidate topical microbicides for Anti-HIV-1 activity and tissue toxicity in a human cervical explant culture显示文摘 | Cummins JE Jr Guarner J Flowers L | 2007 | Antimicroh Agents Chemother2007，51，： | 1 |
| 13 | Intestinal bacterial overgowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites显示文摘 | Guarner C Rungon BA Young S | 1997 | J Hepatol1997，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6 ,and nitric oxide in sterile ascitic fluid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop ascitic fluid infection 显示文摘 | Such J Hillebraand D J Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Enteric flora in health and disease 显示文摘 | Guarner F | 2006 | Digestion2006，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Gut flora in health and disease 显示文摘 | Guarner F Malagedlada JR | 2003 | Lancet2003，361，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Gut flora in health and dis-ease显示文摘 | Guarner F Malagelada J R | 2003 | Lancet2003，361，9356： | 1 |
| 18 | Tumor necrosis factor, interleukine-6 and nitric oxide in sterile asctic fluid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop asctic fluid infection显示文摘 | Such J Hillebrand DJ Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Gut flora in health and disease 显示文摘 | Guarner F Malagelada JR | 2003 | Lancet2003，361，9356： | 1 |
| 20 | Inched serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to endotoxaemia显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G Tomas A | 1993 | Hepatology1993，18，5： | 1 |
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