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| 1 | Cytokine production in patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 polymorphisms显示文摘AIM:To analyze the cytokine production by peripheral blood cells from cirrhotic patients with and without TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms.METHODS:The study included nine patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms,and 10 wild-type patients matched for age,sex and degree of liver failure.TLR4 polymorphisms were determined by sequence-based genotyping.Cytokine production by peripheral blood cells was assessed spontaneously and also after lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and lipoteichoic acid(LTA)stimulation.RESULTS:Patients with TLR4 polymorphisms had a higher incidence of previous hepatic encephalopathy than wild-type patients(78%vs 20%,P=0.02).Spontaneous production of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 was lower in patients with TLR4 polymorphisms than in wild-type patients[IL-6:888.7(172.0-2119.3)pg/m L vs 5540.4(1159.2-26053.9)pg/m L,P<0.001;IL-10:28.7(6.5-177.1)pg/m L vs 117.8(6.5-318.1)pg/m L,P=0.02].However,the production of tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-6 and IL-10 after LPS and LTA stimulation was similar in the two groups.CONCLUSION:TLR4 polymorphisms were associated with a distinctive pattern of cytokine production in cirrhotic patients,suggesting that they play a role in the development of cirrhosis complications. | Juan Camilo Nieto Elisabet Sánchez Eva Román Silvia Vidal Laia Oliva Carlos Guarner-Argente Maria Poca Xavier Torras Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner German Soriano | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 5 |
| 2 | Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites显示文摘AIM To assess the relationship between the presence of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) polymorphisms and bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites. METHODS We prospectively included consecutive patients with cirrhosis and ascites hospitalized during a 6-year period. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection or any other immunodeficiency, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(beyond Milan's criteria) or any other condition determining poor short-term prognosis, and patients with a permanent urinary catheter were excluded. The presence of D299 G and/or T399 I TLR4 polymorphisms was determined by sequencing and related to the incidence and probability of bacterial infections, other complications of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality during follow-up. A multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables of mortality in the whole series was performed. RESULTS We included 258 patients: 28(10.8%) were carriers of D299G and/or T399I TLR4 polymorphisms(polymorphism group) and 230 patients were not(wildtype group). The probability of developing any bacterial infection at one-year follow-up was 78% in the polymorphism group and 69% in the wild-type group(P = 0.54). The one-year probability of presenting infections caused by gram-negative bacilli(51% vs 44%, P = 0.68), infections caused by gram-positive cocci(49% vs 40%, P = 0.53), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(29% vs 34%, respectively, P = 0.99) did not differ between the two groups. The oneyear probability of transplant-free survival was 55% in the polymorphism group and 66% in the wild-type group(P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, Child-Pugh score, active alcohol intake, previous hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and serum creatinine were associated with a higher risk of death during follow-up. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms D299 G and/or T399 I of TLR4 do not seem to play a relevant role in the predisposition of cirrhotic patients with ascites to bacterial infections. | Edilmar Alvarado-Tapias Carlos Guarner-Argente Elida Oblitas Elisabet Sánchez Silvia Vidal Eva Román Mar Concepción Maria Poca Cristina Gely Oana Pavel Juan Camilo Nieto Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner Germán Soriano | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Intestinal bacterial overgowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites显示文摘 | Guarner C Rungon BA Young S | 1997 | J Hepatol1997，26，： | 1 |
| 4 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6 ,and nitric oxide in sterile ascitic fluid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop ascitic fluid infection 显示文摘 | Such J Hillebraand D J Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Tumor necrosis factor, interleukine-6 and nitric oxide in sterile asctic fluid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop asctic fluid infection显示文摘 | Such J Hillebrand DJ Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Inched serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to endotoxaemia显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G Tomas A | 1993 | Hepatology1993，18，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites显示文摘 | Runyon B Young S | 1997 | J Hepatol1997，26，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Bacterial translocation and its consequences in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G | 2005 | Eur J Castroenterol Hepatol2005，17，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,and nitric oxide in sterile ascetic fluid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop ascetic fluid infection显示文摘 | Such J Hillebrand DJ Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Increaed serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to endotoxemin显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G Tomas A | 1993 | Hepatology1993，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Zi dovudine plus didanosine in the treatment of HIV asymptomaticpatients previously treated with zidovudine显示文摘 | Lopez Martinez C Jeannette Guarner Magis Rodriguez C | 1998 | Revisia de investigacion clinica1998，50，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Nitric oxide in ascitic fluid is an independent predictor of the development of renal impairment in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘 | Such J Hillebrand DJ Guarner C | 2004 | Eur J Gastroenterol- Hepatol2004，16，6： | 1 |
| 13 | The zinc fin- ger homeodomain - 2 gene of Drosophila controls Notch targets and regulates apoptosis in the tarsal segments 显示文摘 | Guarner A Manj6n C Edwards K | 2014 | DevBiol2014，385，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in sterile ascitic fiuid and serum from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently develop ascitic fluid infection显示文摘 | Hillebrand DJ Guarner C | 2001 | Dig Dis Sci2001，46，： | 1 |
| 15 | Intestinal mucosal oxidative damage and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats显示文摘 | Chiva M Guarner C Peralta C | 2003 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol2003，15，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G | 1997 | Semin Liver Dis1997，17，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Acute Hemodynamic Response to β-Blockers and Prediction of Long-term Outcome in Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding显示文摘 | Càndid Villanueva Carles Aracil Alan Colomo Virginia Hernández–Gea Josep M. López–Balaguer Cristina Alvarez–Urturi Xavier Torras Joaquim Balanzó Carlos Guarner | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 显示文摘 | Soriano | 1997 | Semin Liver Dis1997，17，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Spontaneous bacterial Peritonitis:pathogenesis,diagnosis and management显示文摘 | Runyon BA | 1995 | Gastroenterologist1995，3，： | 1 |
| 20 | Increased serum nitrite and nitrte levels in patients with cirrhosis:relationship to endotoxemia 显示文摘 | Guarner C Soriano G Tomas A | 1993 | Hepatology1993，18，5： | 1 |
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