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| 1 | Bowel preparation quality scales for colonoscopy显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Colonoscopy is widely preferred for CRC screening and is the most commonly used method in the United States. Adequate bowel preparation is essential for successful colonoscopy CRC screening. However, up to one-quarter of colonoscopies are associated with inadequate bowel preparation, which may result in reduced polyp and adenoma detection rates, unsuccessful screens, and an increased likelihood of repeat procedure. In addition, standardized criteria and assessment scales for bowel preparation quality are lacking. While several bowel preparation quality scales are referred to in the literature, these differ greatly in grading methodology and categorization criteria. Published reliability and validity data are available for five bowel preparation quality assessment scales, which vary in several key attributes. However, clinicians and researchers continue to use a variety of bowel preparation quality measures, including nonvalidated scales, leading to potential confusion and difficulty when comparing quality results among clinicians and across clinical trials. Optimal clinical criteria for bowel preparation quality remain controversial. The use of validated bowel preparation quality scales with stringent but simple scoring criteria would help clarify clinical trial data as well as the performance of colonoscopy in clinical practice related to quality measurements. | David Kastenberg Gerald Bertiger Stuart Brogadir | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 38 |
| 2 | Two quantitative trait loci, Dw1 and Dw2, are primarily responsible for rootstock-induced dwarfing in apple显示文摘The apple dwarfing rootstock‘Malling9’(‘M9’)has been used worldwide both to reduce scion vigour and as a genetic source for breeding new rootstocks.Progeny of‘M9’segregate for rootstock-induced dwarfing of the scion,indicating that this trait is controlled by one or more genetic factors.A quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis of a rootstock population derived from the cross between‘M9’בRobusta5’(non-dwarfing)and grafted with‘Braeburn’scions identified a major QTL(Dw1)on linkage group(LG)5,which exhibits a significant influence on dwarfing of the scion.A smaller-effect QTL affecting dwarfing(Dw2)was identified on LG11,and four minor-effect QTLs were found on LG6,LG9,LG10 and LG12.Phenotypic analysis indicates that the combination of Dw1 and Dw2 has the strongest influence on rootstock-induced dwarfing,and that Dw1 has a stronger effect than Dw2.Genetic markers linked to Dw1 and Dw2 were screened over 41 rootstock accessions that confer a range of effects on scion growth.The majority of the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstock accessions screened carried marker alleles linked to Dw1 and Dw2.This suggests that most apple dwarfing rootstocks have been derived from the same genetic source. | Toshi M Foster Jean-Marc Celton David Chagné D Stuart Tustin Susan E Gardiner | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 10 |
| 3 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 4 | The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit显示文摘Epichloae endophytes of family Clavicipitaceae(comprising genera Epichloëand Neotyphodium)are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses.The associations formed,range from mutually beneficial to antagonistic and the nature of this relationship is dependent upon the importance of vertical(via host seeds)versus horizontal(ascospore mediated)transmission of the fungus.These endophytes can enhance their hosts’survival through protection from abiotic and biotic stresses and can thus be utilized in an agricultural context.Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized.One of the crucial drivers underpinning the selection of epichloae strains for commercial development is endophyte derived bioactivity.The potential of next generation endophytes is determined by testing a number of attributes such as agronomic fitness,animal and food safety as well as compatibility with host plants of interest.Strategic research supports these activities by focusing on elucidating mechanisms of compatibility between host and fungal symbiont,as well as investigating other molecular drivers of symbiosis such as siderophore mediated iron-uptake,fungal signalling,fungal growth in host plants and fungal secondary metabolism.This review weaves together the different strands of multidisciplinary research aimed at ultimately exploiting epichloae endophytes for increased pasture performance. | Linda J.Johnson Anouck C.M.de Bonth Lyn R.Briggs John R.Caradus Sarah C.Finch Damien J.Fleetwood Lester R.Fletcher David E.Hume Richard D.Johnson Alison J.Popay Brian A.Tapper Wayne R.Simpson Christine R.Voisey Stuart D.Card | 2013 | Fungal Diversity2013，，3： | 5 |
| 5 | Hyperthermic intraperitoneal doxorubicin: pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and tissue distribution in a rat model显示文摘 | Pierre Jacquet Andrew Averbach O. Anthony Stuart David Chang Paul H. Sugarbaker | 1997 | Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology1997，，2： | 4 |
| 6 | Climate change and contrasting plasticity in timing of a two-step migration episode of an Arctic-nesting avian herbivore显示文摘 | Anthony David FOX Mitch D.WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP GeoffM.HILTON Larry GRIFFIN David A.STROUD Alyn WALSH | 2014 | Current Zoology2014，60，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 8 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
| 9 | Current endoscopic approach to indeterminate biliary strictures显示文摘Biliary strictures are considered indeterminate when basic work-up, including transabdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with routine cytologic brushing, are non-diagnostic. Indeterminate biliary strictures can easily be mischaracterized which may dramatically affect patient's outcome. Early and accurate diagnosis of malignancy impacts not only a patient's candidacy for surgery, but also potential timely targeted chemotherapies. A significant portion of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures have benign disease and accurate diagnosis is, thus, paramount to avoid unnecessary surgery. Current sampling strategies have suboptimal accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy. Emerging data on other diagnostic modalities, such as ancillary cytology techniques, single operator cholangioscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration, revealed promising results with much improved sensitivity. | David W Victor Stuart Sherman Tarkan Karakan Mouen A Khashab | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，43： | 3 |
| 10 | Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | NicholasSimpson Paul A.Gatenby AnastasiaWilson ShreyaMalik David A.Fulcher Stuart G.Tangye HarinderManku Timothy J.Vyse GiovannaRoncador Gavin A.Huttley Christopher C.Goodnow Carola G.Vinuesa Matthew C.Cook | 2009 | Arthritis & Rheumatism2009，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Phase-II Study of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients with Metastatic Biliary and Gallbladder Cancer显示文摘 | Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt Andrew X. Zhu Keith Stuart David P. Ryan Lawrence Blaszkowsky Nicole Lehman Craig C. Earle Matthew H. Kulke Pankaj Bhargava Charles S. Fuchs | 2008 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2008，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Innate immunity显示文摘 | Stuart E. Turvey David H. Broide | 2010 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2010，，2： | 2 |
| 13 | THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DONOR LIVER BIOPSIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY NONFUNCTION AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION显示文摘 | ANTHONY M. D?ALESSANDRO MUNCI KALAYOGLU HANS W. SOLLINGER ROBERT M. HOFFMANN ALAN REED STUART J. KNECHTLE JOHN D. PIRSCH GHOLAM R. HAFEZ DAVID LORENTZEN FOLKERT O. BELZER | 1991 | Transplantation1991，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Endoscopic balloon dilation compared with sphincterotomy for extraction of bile duct stones显示文摘 | James A. DiSario Martin L. Freeman David J. Bjorkman Padraic MacMathuna Bret T. Petersen Philip E. Jaffe Thomas G. Morales Lee J. Hixson Stuart Sherman Glen A. Lehman M. Mazen Jamal Firas H. Al-Kawas Mukul Khandelwal Joseph P. Moore Gregory A. Derfus Priy | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，，： | 2 |
| 15 | Progression to chronic atrial fibrillation after the initial diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from the Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation显示文摘 | Charles R. Kerr Karin H. Humphries Mario Talajic George J. Klein Stuart J. Connolly Martin Green John Boone Robert Sheldon Paul Dorian David Newman | 2005 | American Heart Journal2005，，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Genetic and environmental control of fruit maturation,dry matter and firmness in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)显示文摘For any given genotype,the environment in which an apple is grown can influence the properties of the fruit considerably.While there has been extensive research on the mechanism of the genetic control of fruit quality traits,less effort has been made to investigate the way that these genetic mechanisms interact with the environment.To address this issue,we employed a large‘Royal Gala’בBraeburn’population of 572 seedlings replicated over sites in three climatically diverse apple-growing regions in New Zealand.Phenotyping for traits including fruit maturation timing,firmness and dry matter content was performed at each of these three sites for a single growing season(2011),and at two sites(Motueka and Hawke’s Bay)for two seasons(2009 and 2010).The phenotype data collected over 2 years at two sites enabled the detection of 190 quantitative trait loci(QTL)that controlled these traits regardless of year or growing location,as well as some chromosomal loci that influenced the traits in a single given environment or year.For those loci that were environmentally stable over three sites,there was an interdependency of fruit maturation date,dry matter content and storage potential within this population,with two regions on Linkage Groups(LGs)10 and 16 strongly contributing.If these loci were used in a marker-assisted selection programme to select for progeny bearing firmer fruit,this would have the unintentional consequence of selecting,high dry matter content,later maturing apples.In addition,a further 113 new QTLs with a smaller effect were identified,some of which were exhibited only in a single growing environment,demonstrating the underlying complexity of control of traits determining fruit quality,in addition to the need for being aware of environmental effects when developing new apple varieties. | David Chagne Daya Dayatilake Robert Diack Murray Oliver Hilary Ireland Amy Watson Susan E Gardiner Jason W Johnston Robert J Schaffer Stuart Tustin | 2014 | Horticulture Research2014，1，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Efficacy of postoperative blood salvage follwing total hip arthroplasty in patients with and without deposited autologous units 显示文摘 | David Grosvenor Varish Goyal BS Stuart Goodman | 2000 | J Bone Joint Surg2000，82，： | 1 |
| 18 | Does Regulation stimulate Productivity? The Effect of Air Quality Policies on the Efficiency of US Power Plants显示文摘 | Rachel Fleishman RobAlexander Stuart Bretschneider David Popp | | 0，，37： | 1 |
| 19 | Transcription factor NF-kB inglomerulonephritis显示文摘 | Russell BA Stuart JM David AP | 2000 | Nephrology2000，5，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A United States Experience显示文摘 | Darshan Dalal Khurram Nasir Chandra Bomma Kalpana Prakasa Harikrishna Tandri Jonathan Piccini Ariel Roguin Crystal Tichnell Cynthia James Stuart D. Russell Daniel P. Judge Theodore Abraham Philip J. Spevak David A. Bluemke Hugh Calkins | 2005 | Circulation2005，，25： | 1 |
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