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| 1 | SPIRIT 2013声明:定义临床研究方案的标准条目显示文摘临床研究方案是临床研究设计、实行、报告和评价的基础。然而,临床研究方案及现存的临床研究方案指引在内容和质量上差异很大。本文描述了《规范临床研究方案内容》(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials 2013 ),简称SPIRIT2013声明,一个临床研究方案必须报告的条目指引的系统建立和范围。 | An-Wen Chan Jennifer M.Tetzlaff Douglas G.Altman Andreas Laupacis Peter C.GΦtzsche Karmela Krleza-Jeri AsbjΦrn Hróbjartsson Howard Mann Kay Dickersin Jesse A.Berlin Caroline J.Doré Wendy R.Parulekar William S.M.Summerskill Trish Groves Kenneth F.Schulz Harold C.Sox Frank W.Rockhold Drummond Rennie David Moher 钟丽丹 郑颂华 吴泰相 李幼平 商洪才 张伯礼 唐旭东 吕爱平 卞兆祥 | 2013 | 中国循证医学杂志2013，13，12： | 23 |
| 2 | Validation of Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy with high definition endoscopes in colonoscopy显示文摘AIM:To validate high definition endoscopes with Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy(FICE) in colonoscopy.METHODS:The image quality of normal white light endoscopy(WLE),that of the 10 available FICE filters and that of a gold standard(0.2% indigo carmine dye) were compared.RESULTS:FICE-filter 4 [red,green,and blue(RGB) wavelengths of 520,500,and 405 nm,respectively] provided the best images for evaluating the vascular pattern compared to white light.The mucosal surface was best assessed using filter 4.However,the views obtained were not rated significantly better than those observed with white light.The 'gold standard',indigo carmine(IC) dye,was found to be superior to both white light and filter 4.Filter 6(RGB wavelengths of 580,520,and 460 nm,respectively) allowed for exploration of the IC-stained mucosa.When assessing mucosal polyps,both FICE with magnification,and magnification following dye spraying were superior to the same techniques without magnification and to white light imaging.In the presence of suboptimal bowel preparation,observation with the FICE mode was possible,and endoscopists considered it to be superior to observation with white light.CONCLUSION:FICE-filter 4 with magnification improves the image quality of the colonic vascular patterns obtained with WLE. | Adolfo Parra-Blanco Alejandro Jiménez Bjrn Rembacken Nicolás González David Nicolás-Pérez Antonio Z Gimeno-García Marta Carrillo-Palau Takahisa Matsuda Enrique Quintero | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，42： | 12 |
| 3 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 4 | Clinical and molecular genetic features of ARC syndrome显示文摘 | Paul Gissen Louise Tee Colin A. Johnson Emmanuelle Genin Almuth Caliebe David Chitayat Carol Clericuzio Jonas Denecke Maja Rocco Bj?rn Fischler David FitzPatrick Angeles García-Cazorla Delphine Guyot Sebastien Jacquemont Sibylle Koletzko Bruno Leheup Hann | 2006 | Human Genetics2006，，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Capsule Endoscopy Versus Push Enteroscopy for Evaluation of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with 1-Year Outcomes显示文摘 | Jonathan A. Leighton MD Virender K. Sharma MD Joseph G. Hentz MS Danette Musil RN Marie J. Malikowski RN Tony L. McWane David E. Fleischer MD | 2006 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2006，，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Volume rendering versus maximum intensity projection in CT angiography显示文摘 | Elliot KF Derek RN David G | 2006 | Radio Graphics2006，26，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Mid-pregnancy circulating immune biomarkers in women with preeclampsia and normotensive controls显示文摘 | Brandie D. Taylor Gong Tang Roberta B. Ness J?rn Olsen David M. Hougaard Kristin Skogstrand James M. Roberts Catherine L. Haggerty | 2015 | Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal2015，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Fever Diagnostic Approach To Common Medical Problems in The Hospitalized Adult 显示文摘 | Henker Richard RN PhD Kramer David MD Rogers shari RN MSN CRNP CCRN | 1997 | Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care1997，8，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Importance of Tissue ACE: A Consensus Report显示文摘 | Victor J. Dzau Kenneth Bernstein David Celermajer Jerome Cohen Bj?rn Dahl?f John Deanfield Javier Diez Helmut Drexler Roberto Ferrari Wiek van Gilst Lennart Hansson Burkhard Hornig Ahsan Husain Colin Johnston Harold Lazar Eva Lonn Thomas Lüscher John Manc | 2002 | Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy2002，，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Disease-specific expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms 显示文摘 | Anthony JJ Yuri RN David HN | 2003 | J Bone Miner Res2003，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Highly conserved charge-pair networks in the mitochondrial carrier family显示文摘 | David RN Cherise MF Joseph MS | 1998 | J Mol Biol1998，277，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Five-Aminosalicylic Acid: An Update for the Reappraisal of an Old Drug显示文摘 | Cristiana Perrotta Paolo Pellegrino Eliana Moroni Clara De Palma Davide Cervia Piergiorgio Danelli Emilio Clementi Bj?rn Moum | 2015 | Gastroenterology Research and Practice2015，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Remnant amount and clean up for 3 adhesives after debracketing 显示文摘 | David VA Staly RN Bigelow HF | 2002 | AM J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2002，121，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Prospective Morbidity and Mortality Assessment of Cytoreductive Surgery Plus Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy To Treat Peritoneal Dissemination of Appendiceal Mucinous Malignancy显示文摘 | Paul H. Sugarbaker MD FACS FRCS Robert Alderman PA-C Gary Edwards PA-C Christina Ellen Marquardt RN Vadim Gushchin MD Jesus Esquivel MD David Chang MS | 2006 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2006，，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Diet rapidly and reprodueibly alters the human gut microbiome显示文摘 | David LA Maurice CF Carmody RN | 2014 | Nature2014，505，7484： | 1 |
| 16 | Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome 显示文摘 | David LA Maurice CF Carmody RN | 2014 | Nature2014，505，7484： | 1 |
| 17 | Increased Expression of Visfatin in Macrophages of Human Unstable Carotid and Coronary Atherosclerosis: Possible Role in Inflammation and Plaque Destabilization显示文摘 | Tuva B. Dahl Arne Yndestad Mona Skjelland Erik ?ie Arve Dahl Annika Michelsen Jan K. Dam?s Siv H. Tunheim Thor Ueland Camilla Smith Bj?rn Bendz Serena Tonstad Lars Gullestad Stig S. Fr?land Kirsten Krohg-S?rensen David Russell P?l Aukrust Bente Halvorsen | 2007 | Circulation2007，，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Relative importance of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, anxiety, and depression in postinfectious IBS显示文摘 | Simon PD David J Keith RN | 2003 | Gastroenterology2003，125，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Remnant amount and clean up for 3 adhesives after debraketing显示文摘 | David VA Saly RN Bigelow HF | 2002 | Am J Orthod DentofacialOrthop2002，121，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Remnant amount and cleanup for 3 adhesives after debraketing显示文摘 | David VA Staly RN Bigelow HF | 2002 | Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2002，121，2： | 1 |
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