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| 1 | 氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果显示文摘背景:近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示,现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的:于接受药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents,DESs)和裸金属支架(bare-metal stents,BMSs)治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者:于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心(一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心)接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访,直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BMS(n=3165)或DES(n=1501)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件(没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术)的患者进行界标分析(landmark analysis)。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组:DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BMS使用氯吡格雷组以及BMS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标:随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果:在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者(637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低(使用2.0%比未使用5.3%;差异,-3.3%;95%CI,-6.3%至-0.3%;P=0.03)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低(3.1%比7.2%;差异,-4.1%;95%CI,-7.6%至-0.6%;P=0.02)的显著预测指标。然而,在BMS组患者中(417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷),死亡(3.7%比4.5%;差异,-0.7%;95%CI,-2.9%至1.4%;P=0.50)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(5.5%比6.0%;差异,-0.5%;95%CI,-3.2%至2.2%;P:0.70)没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者(252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡(0%比3.5%;差异,-3.5%;95%CI,-5.9%至-1.1%;P=0.004)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(0%比4.5%;差异,-4.5%;95%CI,-7.1%至-1.9%;P〈0.001)较低。然而,在BMS组患者中(346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷),在死亡(3.3%比2.7%;差异,0.6%;95%CI,1.5%至2.8%;P=0.57)以及死亡或心肌梗死(4.7%比3.6%;差异,1.0%;95%CI,-1.6%至3.6%;P=0.44)发生方面,依然没有差异。结论:在接受DES治疗的患者中,延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而,使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。 | Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David F. Kong, MD Linda K. Shaw, MS Robert H. Tuttle, MSPH Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH Judith M. Kramer, MD, MS Robert A. Harrington, MD David B. Matchar, MD David E. Kandzari, MD 1 Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH Kevin A. Schulman, MD Robert M. Califf, MD 李呈亿(译) David E. Kandzari, MD | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 60 |
| 2 | Regulation of the G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle显示文摘In any multi-cellular organism, the balance between cell division and cell death maintains a constant cell number. Both cell division cycle and cell death are highly regulated events. Whether the cell will proceed through the cycle or not, depends upon whether the conditions required at the checkpoints during the cycle are fulfilled. In higher eucaryotic cells, such as mammalian cells, signals that arrest the cycle usually act at a G1 checkpoint. Cells that pass this restriction point are committed to complete the cycle. Regulation of the GI phase of the cell cycle is extremely complex and involves many different families of proteins such as retinoblastoma family cyclin dependent kinases, cyclins, and cyclic kinase inhibitors. | DONJERKOVIC DUBRRAVKA DAVID W SCOTT (Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD) | 2000 | Cell Research2000，10，1： | 18 |
| 3 | 难治性和顽固性高血压:降压治疗抵抗和治疗失败显示文摘几十年来难治性高血压被定义为尽管使用包括利尿剂在内的3种降压药,血压仍未能控制达标[1]。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)一份科学声明对难治性高血压的定义做了进一步扩展,包括了使用≥4种降压药能使血压控制达标的高血压[2]。 | David A.Calhoun MD | 2015 | 中华高血压杂志2015，23，7： | 13 |
| 4 | 抑郁症显示文摘 | David R.Grube MD 梁万年 卢玲 | 2002 | 中国全科医学2002，5，12： | 8 |
| 5 | 抗甲状腺药物的副作用显示文摘抗甲状腺药物是治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的主要方法,尤其是由Graves病所致者。尽管一般情况下抗甲状腺药物是安全的,但是它的副作用限制了某些病人的使用。基于致病的严重程度将副作用分为轻度和严重两种。大剂量他巴唑(methimazole,MMI)(400mg或以上)时所有副作用都常见,但是丙基硫氧嘧啶(propyl-thiouracil,PTU)没有明显的剂量相关性。最常见的轻度副作用有皮疹、关节痛、胃肠不适,常规剂量时发生于5%病人;脱发、涎腺炎、肌病、味觉和嗅觉异常亦有发生。常见的严重副作用是粒细胞减少症的症状明显的多关节炎,严重的系统性腺管炎或药物诱发的狼疮(常见于抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性者)和PTU相关。他巴唑引起的胆汁淤积性肝毒性反应较PTU引起的潜在的致命肝细胞反应为轻。低凝血酶原血症和胰岛素自身免疫综合征是极少见的严重副作用。学习目的:复习抗甲状腺药物少见的副作用和推荐治疗,尤其是否该终止治疗;了解抗甲状腺药物引起的粒细胞缺乏症的可能机制、临床表现和治疗;比较主要抗甲状腺药物的肝毒性。 | David S Cooper,MD 李玉秀 | 2001 | 世界医学杂志2001，5，10： | 7 |
| 6 | Activation-induced cell death in B lymphocytes显示文摘Upon encountering the antigen (Ag), the immune system can either develop a specific immune response or enter a specific state of unresponsiveness, tolerance. The response of B cells to their specific Ag can be activation and proliferation, leading to the immune response, or anergy and activation-induced cell death (AICD), leading to tolerance. AICD in B lymphocytes is a highly regulated event initiated by crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR). BCR engagement initiates several signaling events such as activation of PLCr, Ras, and PI3K, which generally speaking, lead to survival. However, in the absence of survival signals (CD40 or IL-4R engagement), BCR crosslinking can also promote apoptotic signal transduction pathways such as activation of effector caspases, expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and inhibition of pro-survival genes. The complex interplay between survival and death signals determines the B cell fate and, consequently, the immune response. | DONJERKOVIC DUBRAVKA, DAVID W SCOTT (Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD, 20855. USA) | 2000 | Cell Research2000，10，3： | 6 |
| 7 | Microarray,SAGE and their applications to cardiovascular diseases显示文摘The wealth of DNA data generated by the human genome project coupling with recently invented high-throughput gene expression profiling techniques has dramatically sped up the process for biomedical researchers on elucidating the role of genes in human diseases. One powerful method to reveal insight into gene functions is the systematic analysis of gene expression. Two popular high-throughput gene expression technologies, microarray and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) are capable of producing large amounts of gene expression data with the potential of providing novel insights into fundamental disease processes, especially complex syndromes such as cardiovascular disease, whose etiologies are due to multiple genetic factors and their interplay with the environment. Microarray and SAGE have already been used to examine gene expression patterns of cell-culture, animal and human tissues models of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction of microarray and SAGE technologies and point out their limitations. We will then discuss the major discoveries and the new biological insightsthat have emerged from their applications to cardiovascular diseases. Finally we will touch upon potential challenges and future developments in this area. | SHUI QING YE, TERA LAVOIE, DAVID C USHER, LI Q. ZHANG1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA2Department of Biological Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Erythromycin stearate as prokinetic agent in postvagotomy gastroparesis显示文摘 | Harold Mozwecz MD Dan Pavel MD David Pitrak MD Pilar Orellana MD Paul K. Schlesinger MD Dr. Thomas J. Layden MD | 1990 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1990，，7： | 5 |
| 9 | Morbidity and Mortality Analysis of 200 Treatments With Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Using the Coliseum Technique显示文摘 | Arvil D. Stephens MD Robert Alderman PA-C David Chang MD Gary D. Edwards PA-C Jesus Esquivel MD Gilbert Sebbag MD Mark A. Steves MD Paul H. Sugarbaker MD | 1999 | Annals of Surgical Oncology1999，，8： | 5 |
| 10 | Pretreatment Assessment of Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Expert Consensus Statement显示文摘 | Mark P. Callery MD Kenneth J. Chang MD Elliot K. Fishman MD Mark S. Talamonti MD L. William Traverso MD David C. Linehan MD | 2009 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2009，，7： | 3 |
| 11 | Hepatic and Extrahepatic Colorectal Metastases: When Resectable, Their Localization Does Not Matter, But Their Total Number Has a Prognostic Effect显示文摘 | Dominique Elias MD PhD Gabriel Liberale MD Déwi Vernerey MSc Marc Pocard MD PhD Michel Ducreux MD PhD Valérie Boige MD David Malka MD PhD Jean-Pierre Pignon MD PhD Philippe Lasser MD | 2005 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2005，，11： | 2 |
| 12 | The meaning and the measure of health literacy显示文摘 | David W. Baker MD MPH | 2006 | Journal of General Internal Medicine2006，，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Pneumatosis intestinalis显示文摘 | R. Michael Boerner MD PhD Daniel B. Fried MPH David M. Warshauer MD Dr. Kim Isaacs MD PhD | 1996 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1996，，11： | 2 |
| 14 | Extent of Lymph Node Retrieval and Pancreatic Cancer Survival: Information from a Large US Population Database显示文摘 | Roderich E. Schwarz MD David D. Smith PhD | 2006 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2006，，9： | 2 |
| 15 | Acute pancreatitis and organ failure: Pathophysiology, natural history, and management strategies显示文摘 | Michael G. T. Raraty FRCS PhD Saxon Connor FRACS David N. Criddle PhD Robert Sutton DPhil FRCS John P. Neoptolemos MA MD FRCS | 2004 | Current Gastroenterology Reports2004，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Aggressive Surgical Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis With Low Mortality in a High-Volume Tertiary Cancer Center显示文摘 | Niraj J. Gusani MD Sung W. Cho MD Christos Colovos MD PhD Songwon Seo MS Jan Franko MD PhD Scott D. Richard MD Robert P. Edwards MD Charles K. Brown MD PhD Matthew P. Holtzman MD Herbert J. Zeh MD David L. Bartlett MD | 2008 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2008，，3： | 2 |
| 17 | 膝关节多发韧带损伤的手术时机选择和术后功能锻炼的系统性综述显示文摘背景:膝关节外伤性脱位导致的多发韧带损伤并不常见,相关研究也较少。由于缺乏前瞻性数据资料,所以对于手术时机选择以及术后康复方案的选择仍存在争议。本篇综述旨在对比早期、延期和分期手术的结果以及各种康复方案的疗效。方法:收集检索24篇回顺性研究,共计396个膝关节,侧重于严重多发韧带损伤的外科治疗。韧带损伤包括前、后十字韧带和(或)内单侧或内外双侧副韧带。数据采集后,按照手术时间(早期、延期和分期)将患者分组。同时我们也将术后早期功能锻炼和术后制动进行对比。 | William R.Mook, MD Mark D.Miller, MD David R. Diduch, MD JayHertel, PhD ATC, Yaw Boachie-Adjei, MD Joseph M.Hart, PhD, ATC 韦祎(译) 冯华(译) | 2010 | 中华骨科杂志2010，30，3： | 2 |
| 18 | The test of functional health literacy in adults显示文摘 | Dr. Ruth M. Parker MD David W. Baker MD MPH Mark V. Williams MD Joanne R. Nurss PhD | 1995 | Journal of General Internal Medicine1995，，10： | 2 |
| 19 | Systematic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials of the Clinical Response and Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy for Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases显示文摘 | Terence C. Chua BScMed (Hons) Akshat Saxena BMedSc Winston Liauw MBBS MMed Sci Adel Kokandi MBBS David L. Morris MD PhD | 2010 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2010，，2： | 2 |
| 20 | A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Local Excision for T2N0 Rectal Cancer: Preliminary Results of the ACOSOG Z6041 Trial显示文摘 | Julio Garcia-Aguilar MD PhD Qian Shi PhD Charles R. Thomas MD Emily Chan MD PhD Peter Cataldo MD Jorge Marcet MD David Medich MD Alessio Pigazzi MD Samuel Oommen MD Mitchell C. Posner MD | 2012 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2012，，2： | 2 |
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