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| 1 | 2018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。 | Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) | 2019 | 中华精神科杂志2019，52，1： | 25 |
| 2 | Brucellosis in China:history,progress and challenge显示文摘Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis.It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans,and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact.Over the past two decades,improvements have been made to better understand the various aspects of human and animal brucellosis.Meanwhile,especially in the developing world,immense challenges that remain in controlling and eradicating brucellosis are novel diagnostics tools and efficacious vaccines.Here,we will focus on the remarkable issues on epidemiological survey,as well as the priority and challenge of brucellosis in China.Brucellosis will be controlled with meaningful collaboration between local and public partnerships effectively applying a One Health framework. | Hai Jiang David O’Callaghan Jia-Bo Ding | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，3： | 25 |
| 3 | Mediterranean Berries as Inhibitors of Lipid Oxidation in Porcine Burger Patties Subjected to Cooking and Chilled Storage显示文摘The efficiency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L.(AU),Crataegus monogyna L.(CM),Rosa canina L.(RC),and Rubus ulmifolius Schott.(RU)to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw,cooked and cooked and chilled(2°C/12 d)porcine burger patties,was investigated.The modification of the fatty acid profile during processing treatments(cooking and chilling),the quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBA-RS),and lipid-derived volatiles,were used as indicators of lipid oxidation.Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)gradually decreased during cooking and the subsequent storage of cooked burger patties with this decrease being significantly greater(P<0.05)in control patties than in those with added berry extracts.In accordance,the control patties showed significantly higher TBA-RS numbers and counts of lipid-derived volatiles in all treatments when compared to the berry-added counterparts(P<0.05).Results from the present work show,for the first time,that extracts from A.unedo,C.monogyna,R.canina,and R.ulmifolius are promising antioxidants which could enhance the nutritional,safety and sensory properties of porcine burger patties. | Rui Ganho Mario Estévez Mónica Armenteros David Morcuende | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，11： | 16 |
| 4 | 复杂并发症产生在简单并且 polycystic 肝包囊显示文摘 Liver cysts are common,affecting 5%-10% of the population.Most are asymptomatic,however 5% of patients develop symptoms,sometimes due to complications and will require intervention.There is no consensus on their management because complications are so uncommon.The aim of this study was to perform a collected review of how a series of complications were managed at our institutions.Six different patients presenting with rare complications of liver cysts were obtained from Hepatobiliary Units in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands.History and radiological imaging were obtained from case notes and computerised radiology.As a result,1 patient admitted with inferior vena cava obstruction was managed by cyst aspiration and lanreotide;1 patient with common bile duct obstruction was first managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and stenting,followed by open fenestration;1 patient with ruptured cysts and significant medical co-morbidities was managed by percutaneous drainage;1 patient with portal vein occlusion and varices was managed by open liver resection;1 patient with infected cysts was treated with intravenous antibiotics and is awaiting liver transplantation.The final patient with a simple liver cyst mimicking a hydatid was managed by open liver resection.In conclusion,complications of cystic liver disease are rare,and we have demonstrated in this series that both operative and non-operative strategies have defined roles in management.The mainstays of treatment are either aspiration/sclerotherapy or,alternatively laparoscopic fenestration.Medical management with somatostatin analogues is a potentially new and exciting treatment option but requires further study. | Christian Macutkiewicz Ricci Plastow Melissa Chrispijn Rafik Filobbos Basil A Ammori David J Sherlock Joost PH Drenth Derek A O’Reilly | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，12： | 10 |
| 5 | Blood pressure gradients in cerebral arteries:a clue to pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease显示文摘rationale The role of hypertension in cerebral small vessel disease is poorly understood.At the base of the brain(the‘vascular centrencephalon’),short straight arteries transmit blood pressure directly to small resistance vessels;the cerebral convexity is supplied by long arteries with many branches,resulting in a drop in blood pressure.Hypertensive small vessel disease(lipohyalinosis)causes the classically described lacunar infarctions at the base of the brain;however,periventricular white matter intensities(WMIs)seen on MRI and WMI in subcortical areas over the convexity,which are often also called‘lacunes’,probably have different aetiologies.Objectives We studied pressure gradients from proximal to distal regions of the cerebral vasculature by mathematical modelling.Methods and results Blood flow/pressure equations were solved in an Anatomically Detailed Arterial Network(ADAN)model,considering a normotensive and a hypertensive case.Model parameters were suitably modified to account for structural changes in arterial vessels in the hypertensive scenario.Computations predict a marked drop in blood pressure from large and medium-sized cerebral vessels to cerebral peripheral beds.When blood pressure in the brachial artery is 192/113 mm Hg,the pressure in the small arterioles of the posterior parietal artery bed would be only 117/68 mm Hg.In the normotensive case,with blood pressure in the brachial artery of 117/75 mm Hg,the pressure in small parietal arterioles would be only 59/38 mm Hg.conclusion These findings have important implications for understanding small vessel disease.The marked pressure gradient across cerebral arteries should be taken into account when evaluating the pathogenesis of small WMIs on MRI.Hypertensive small vessel disease,affecting the arterioles at the base of the brain should be distinguished from small vessel disease in subcortical regions of the convexity and venous disease in the periventricular white matter. | Pablo J Blanco Lucas O Müller J David Spence | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor-15 in premalignant and neoplastic tumours in a high-risk pancreatic cancer cohort显示文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide,with poor survival due to late diagnosis.Currently,biomarkers have limited use in early diagnosis of PC.Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 or growth differentiation factor-15(MIC-1/GDF15)has been implicated as a potential serum biomarker in PC and other malignancies.AIM To determine the role of MIC-1/GDF15 in detecting pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours in an asymptomatic high-risk cohort part of Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program.METHODS A feasibility prospective single centre cohort study was performed.Participants recruited for yearly surveillance with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)had serial fasting blood samples collected before EUS for MIC-1/GDF15,C-reactive protein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.Patients were stratified into five groups based on EUS findings:Normal;pancreatic cysts,branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm;diffuse non-specific abnormalities;and neoplastic tumours.MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were quantified using ELISA.Participants in whom EUS demonstrated abnormalities but not malignancy were closely followed up with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography.RESULTS One hundred twenty participants were prospectively recruited from 2011-2018.Forty-seven participants(39.2%)had an abnormal EUS and five participants(4.2%)were diagnosed with neoplastic tumours,three by EUS(two pancreatic and one liver)and two by MRI/computed tomography(breast cancer,bladder cancer),which were performed for follow up of abnormal EUS.Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 was a significant predictor of neoplastic tumours on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis[area under curve(AUC)=0.814,P=0.023].Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 had moderate predictive capacity for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(AUC=0.644)and neoplastic tumours noted on EUS(AUC=0.793),however this was not significant(P=0.188 and 0.081 respectively).Serial serum MIC-1/GDF15 did not demonstrate a significant percentage change between a normal and abnormal EUS(P=0.213).Median baseline MIC-1/GDF15 was greater in those with neoplastic tumours(Median=1039.6,interquartile range=727.0-1977.7)compared to those diagnosed with a benign lesion(Median=570.1,interquartile range=460.7-865.2)on EUS and MRI(P=0.012).CONCLUSION In this pilot study MIC-1/GDF15 has predictive capacity for neoplastic tumours in asymptomatic individuals with a genetic predisposition for PC.Further imagining may be warranted in patients with abnormal EUS and raised serum MIC-1/GDF15.Larger multicentric prospective studies are required to further define the role of MIC-1/GDF15 as a serological biomarker in pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours. | Robert Sean O’Neill Sam Emmanuel David Williams Alina Stoita | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，14： | 8 |
| 7 | The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy PIVI (Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations) on real-time endoscopic assessment of the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps显示文摘 | Douglas K. Rex Charles Kahi Michael O’Brien T.R. Levin Heiko Pohl Amit Rastogi Larry Burgart Tom Imperiale Uri Ladabaum Jonathan Cohen David A. Lieberman | 2011 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，，3： | 7 |
| 8 | Viral hepatitis prevalence in patients with active and latent tuberculosis显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and association with drug induced liver injury(DILI) in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis(TB) therapy.METHODS: Four hundred and twenty nine patients with newly diagnosed TB- either active disease or latent infection- who were due to commence antiTB therapy between September 2008 and May 2011 were included. These patients were prospectively tested for serological markers of HBV, HCV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections- hepatitis B core antigen(HBc Ag), hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag), hepatitis B e antigen, Ig G and Ig M antibody to HBc Ag(anti-HBc), HCV Ig G antibody and HIV antibody using a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot assay and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Patients were reviewed at least monthly during the TB treatment initiation phase. Liver function tests were measured prior to commencement of antiTB therapy and 2-4 wk later. Liver function tests were also performed at any time the patient had significant nausea, vomiting, rash, or felt non-specifically unwell. Fisher's exact test was used to measure significance in comparisons of proportions between groups. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of the 429 patients, 270(62.9%) had active TB disease and 159(37.1%) had latent TB infection. 61(14.2%) patients had isolated anti-HBc positivity, 11(2.6%) were also HBs Ag positive and 7(1.6%) were HCV-antibody positive. 16/270 patients with active TB disease compared to 2/159 patients with latent TB infection had markers of chronic viral hepatitis(HBs Ag or HCV antibody positive; P = 0.023). Similarly the proportion of HBs Ag positive patients were significantly greater in the active vs latent TB infection group(10/43 vs 1/29, P = 0.04). The prevalence of chronic HBV or HCV was significantly higher than the estimated United Kingdom prevalence of 0.3% for each. We found no association between DILI and presence of serological markers of HBV or HCV. Three(5.3%) patients with serological markers of HBV or HCV infection had DILI compared to 25(9.5%) patients without; P = 0.04.CONCLUSION: Viral hepatitis screening should be considered in TB patients. DILI risk was not increased in patients with HBV/HCV. | Hesam Ahmadi Nooredinvand David W Connell Mahmoud Asgheddi Mohammed Abdullah Marie O'Donoghue Louise Campbell Melissa I Wickremasinghe Ajit Lalvani Onn Min Kon Shahid A Khan | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，29： | 7 |
| 9 | Driving vascular endothelial cell fate of human multipotent Isl1 heart progenitors with VEGF modified mRNA显示文摘multipotent 心祖先的不同家庭在哺乳动物的 cardiogenesis 期间在多样的心脏的、光滑的肌肉和 endothelial 房间系的产生起一个中央作用。驾驶这些 multipotent 祖先的房间命运决定的精确 paracrine 信号的鉴定,和小说的开发来临在 vivo 交付这些信号,是向开他们的再生治疗学的潜力的关键步。此处,我们识别了位于早人的胎儿的心(OFT-ECs ) 的流出道的人的心脏的 endothelial 中介的一个家庭,由 Isl1 和 CD144/vWF 的 coexpression 描绘了。由比较人的 OFT-ECs 和非心脏的 EC 表示的 angiocrine 因素,脉管的 endothelial 生长因素( VEGF ) A 作为最富有地表示的因素被识别,并且同种细胞的试金记录了它的能力驱使人的胚胎的干细胞(转换字符)的 endothelial 说明以一种 VEGF 受体依赖者方式导出 Isl1 +祖先。人的 Isl1-ECs (区分开来与导出 hESC 的 ISL1 + 祖先的 endothelial 房间) 以心脏的 endothelial 祖先的表示类似于 OFT-ECs -- 并且 endocardial 房间特定的基因,证实他们的机关特性。决定是否 VEGF -- A 可能是服务一在里面为人的导出转换字符的 Isl1-ECs 的 vivo 房间命运开关,我们证实化学上使用的一条新奇途径作为一个平台修改了 mRNA 为短暂,还在心血管的祖先的 paracrine 因素的高度有效的表示。VEGF 的 Overexpression -- A 支持在 vivo 的人的 Isl1 + 祖先的不仅 endothelial 说明而且嫁接,增长和幸存(减少的 apoptosis ) 。从人的 pluripotent 干细胞的心脏特定的人的 Isl1-ECs 的大规模推导,结合了能力驾驶跟随移植的 endothelial 说明,嫁接,和幸存,在心为脉管的新生建议新奇策略。 | Kathy O Lui Llor Lang Eduardo A Silva Lei Bu Makoto Sahara Ronald A Li David J Mooney Kenneth R Chien | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，10： | 6 |
| 10 | Determinants of the impact of blood pressure variability on neurological outcome after acute ischaemic stroke显示文摘Introduction: Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) is detrimental after acute ischaemic stroke, but the interaction between BPV and neuroimaging factors that directly influence stroke outcome has not been explored. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed inpatients from 2007 to 2014 with acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke, CT perfusion and angiography at hospital admission, and a modified Rankin Scale (MRS) 30- 365 days after stroke onset. BPV indices included SD, coefficient of variation and successive variation of the systolic blood pressure between 0 and 120 hours after admission. Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to MRS with predictor variables of BPV indices. Models were further stratified by CT perfusion volumetric measurements, proximal vessel occlusion and collateral score. Results: 110 patients met the inclusion criteria. The likelihood of a 1-point rise in the MRS increased with every 10 mm Hg increase in BPV (OR for the 3 BPV indices ranged from 2.27 to 5.54), which was more pronounced in patients with larger ischaemic core volumes (OR 8.37 to 18.0) and larger hypoperfused volumes (OR 6.02 to 15.4). This association also held true for patients with larger mismatch volume, proximal vessel occlusion and good collateral vessels. Conclusions: These results indicate that increased BPV is associated with worse neurological outcome after stroke, particularly in patients with a large lesion core volume, concurrent viable ischaemic penumbra, proximal vessel occlusion and good collaterals. This subset of patients, who are often not candidates for or fail acute stroke therapies such as intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular thrombectomy, may benefit from interventions aimed at reducing BPV. | Adam de Havenon Alicia Bennett Gregory J Stoddard Gordon Smith Lee Chung Steve O’Donnell J Scott McNally David Tirschwell Jennifer J Majersik | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Reduced Exposure to Calcineurin Inhibitors Early After Liver Transplantation Prevents Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez Emmanuel Tsochatzis María Carmen Naveas Giulia Pieri Carmen García-Caparrós James O’Beirne Antonio Poyato-González Gustavo Ferrín-Sánchez Jose Luis Montero-álvarez David Patch Douglas Thorburn Javier Brice?o Manuel De la Mata A | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，： | 5 |
| 12 | Overview of recent advances in metastatic triple negative breast cancer显示文摘Metastatic triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)has an aggressive phenotype with a predilection for visceral organs and brain.Best responses to chemotherapy are predominately in the first line.Recent studies have demonstrated improved progression free survival with the combination of atezolizumab/pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in programmed death-ligand 1 positive metastatic TNBC.However,a recent trial in a similar population showed no benefit for atezolizumab and paclitaxel which led to a Food and Drug Administration alert.Two phase III trials(OLYMPIAD and BROCADE3)demonstrated a benefit in progression free survival(PFS)but not overall survival in patients with BRCAassociated metastatic TNBC treated with Olaparib or Talazoparib respectively.For those treated with Talazoparib,the time to deterioration in health related-quality of life was also longer compared to chemotherapy.The BROCADE3 trial demonstrated that the combination of a platinum and veliparib increased PFS in first-line metastatic TNBC but at the cost of increased toxicity.There are no headto-head comparisons of a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)and platinums.There are unanswered questions regarding the role of PARPi maintenance after platinum therapy as is standard of care in BRCAassociated ovarian cancer.Other areas of therapeutic interest include targeting aberrations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway,protein kinase B,mammalian target of rapamycin or utilising antibody drug conjugates.This review focusses on recent and emerging therapeutic options in metastatic TNBC.We searched PubMed,clinicaltrials.gov and recent international meetings from American Society of Clinical Oncology,San Antonio Breast Cancer Conference and the European Society of Medical Oncology. | David O'Reilly Maha Al Sendi Catherine M Kelly | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，3： | 5 |
| 13 | The MRE11 GAR motif regulates DNA double-strand break processing and ATR activation显示文摘MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 建筑群是很快招募到 DNA 双海滨裂缝(DSB ) 的主要传感器。MRE11 被知道是由在它的 glycine-arginine-rich (长嘴硬鳞鱼) 以内的 PRMT1 的精氨酸 methylated 主题。在这研究,我们报导在 GAR 主题与离氨酸代替精氨酸并且产生 MRE11 缺乏 methylated 精氨酸的 RK 蛋白质。Mre11 RK/RK 老鼠对 γ 过分敏感;照耀(红外) 和从这些老鼠的房间显示了房间周期检查点缺点和染色体不稳定性。而且, Mre11 RK/RK MEF 展出了在 RPA 和 RAD51 的招募表明缺点和缺陷到损坏地点的 ATR/CHK1。M RK 形成的 RN 建筑群并且对 DNA 损坏并且通常的地点局部性响应红外激活 ATM 小径。M RK RN 建筑群在为响应红外在 vivo 观察的损害 DNA 结束切除术和 ATR 激活负责的 vitro 展出了 exonuclease 和 DNA 有约束力的缺点。我们的调查结果在 DSB 修理为 MRE11 长嘴硬鳞鱼主题的关键角色提供基因证据,并且在 MRE11 长嘴硬鳞鱼表明在 translational 以后修正之间的一个机械学的连接主题并且 DSB 处理,以及发信号的 ATR/CHK1 检查点。 | Zhenbao Yu Gillian Vogel Yan Coulombe Danielle Dubeau Elizabeth Spehalski Josee Hebert David O Ferguson Jean Yves Masson Stephane Richard | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，2： | 5 |
| 14 | 超声微泡造影影像学及治疗作用的研究进展显示文摘包裹型气体微泡已经发展为临床应用的超声造影剂.微泡造影剂不仅已广泛用于血池和组织灌注显像,其治疗作用也日渐突显,例如溶栓和作为药物或基因的载体.造影剂微泡的平均直径小于红细胞直径,因而能够自由运行于微循环.微泡能将生物活性物质(例如药物或基因)结合在其内或其外膜表面,并将此物质转运于体内特定组织,例如将抗肿瘤药物转运并结合于特定肿瘤组织.靶向性微泡能将肽段等特定性配体结合于其微泡表面,这种特定性配体可特异性地与血管壁表达的受体相结合,微泡因而在靶组织区域积聚[1]. | 梁海东 王兴华 Charles Sennoga Mike Halliwell David O Cosgrove Martin JK Blomley | 2004 | 中华医学超声杂志(电子版)2004，1，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Decreased expression of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 in Hirschsprung's disease显示文摘AIM: To determine if hyperpolarisation-activated nucleotide-gated(HCN) channels exist in human colon, and to investigate the expression of HCN channels in Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS:We investigated HCN1,HCN2,HCN3 and HCN4 protein expression in pull-through specimens from patients with Hirschsprung’s disease(HSCR,n=10)using the proximal-most ganglionic segment and distalmost aganglionic segment,as well as in healthy control specimens obtained at the time of sigmoid colostomy closure in children who had undergone anorectoplasty for imperforate anus(n=10).Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to assess protein distribution,which was then visualized using confocal microscopy.RESULTS:No HCN1 channel expression was observed in any of the tissues studied.Both HCN2 and HCN4proteins were found to be equally expressed in the aganglionic and ganglionic bowel in HSCR and controls.HCN3 channel expression was found to be markedly decreased in the aganglionic colon vs ganglionic colon and controls.HCN2-4 channels were seen to be expressed within neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the ganglionic bowel and normal controls,and also co-localised to interstitial cells of Cajal in all tissues studied.CONCLUSION:We demonstrate HCN channel expression in human colon for the first time.Reduced HCN3expression in aganglionic bowel suggests its potential role in HSCR pathophysiology. | Anne Marie O’Donnell David Coyle Prem Puri | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 4 |
| 16 | 老年人处方遗漏筛查工具第2版(中文版)显示文摘近年来我国老年人口数量迅速增加,2013年老年人口突破2亿大关。老年人常伴有多种疾病且同时服用多种药物,容易出现药物相互作用和药物不良反应,所以老年人用药问题是医务人员关注的重点。老年人不适当用药问题主要包括两个方面:老年人需要避免使用的药物和老年人需要使用而未使用的药物。 | Denis O'Mahony David O'Sullivan Stephen Byrne Marie Noelle O'Connor Cristin Ryan Paul Gallagher 侯凯旋 邢晓璇 闫素英 | 2017 | 药物不良反应杂志2017，19，5： | 4 |
| 17 | 手术中知晓事件的新分级标准显示文摘背景有外显记忆的手术中知晓事件的发生率仅为1/1000—2/1000。因其较罕见,为了更好的了解手术中知晓事件及其后遗效直,需要对大批量的研究数据进行统计。因此,对其进行标准描述和表达将很有价值。方法本研究创建了一种新的手术中知晓事件评估标准:0级:未发生手术中知晓;1级:仅存在听觉感知;2级:感知触觉(比如手术操作、气管插管);3级:感知痛觉;4级:感知麻痹(比如感到不能活动、说话或呼吸);5级:感知麻痹及痛觉。患者主述有恐惧、焦虑、窒息、末日感、濒死感及其他相关显性描述,另行附加“D”(distress[痛苦、悲伤])。本研究回顾了15项详细提供手术中知晓报告信息的研究。来自3个研究并创建了该项分级标准的5位麻醉医生,各自独立的评估了这些病例。另外20名相关人员(麻醉主治医生、麻醉住院医生、麻醉护士、医学生及其辅助工作人员),虽未参与该分级标准的创建,但也独立对手术中知晓事件进行了评估。用Flwiss’s κ系数评估观察者之间的一致性。结果对151例确认发生手术中知晓事件的成年病例进行数据分析。基础评估1~5级中,总体κ系数为0.851(95%可信区间CI0.847~0.856)。包括附加情感障碍“D”的评估中,总体κ系数为0.779(95%可信区间CI 0.776~0.783)。结论本研究创建了新的手术中知晓事件评估标准,在评估者间具有近乎完美的一致性,这将有助于手术中知晓事件的研究。 | George A. Mashour Roy K. Esaki Kevin K. Tremper David B. Glick Michael O'Connor Michael S. Avidan 潘鹏(译) 李文志(校) | 2009 | 麻醉与镇痛2009，，6： | 3 |
| 18 | The synthetic form of a novel chicken β-defensin identified in silico is predominantly active against intestinal pathogens显示文摘 | Rowan Higgs David J. Lynn Susan Gaines Jessica McMahon Joanna Tierney Tharappel James Andrew T. Lloyd Grace Mulcahy Cliona O’Farrelly | 2005 | Immunogenetics (-)2005，，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Significant small-bowel lesions detected by alternative diagnostic modalities after negative capsule endoscopy显示文摘 | Aymer Postgate Edward Despott David Burling Arun Gupta Robin Phillips James O’Beirne David Patch Chris Fraser | 2008 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2008，，6： | 3 |
| 20 | FK506对实验性卒中疗效的系统评价和Meta分析显示文摘FK506是治疗急性卒中的一种候选用药。决定一种药物是否可以用于临床试验,应当以全面的、无偏倚的动物实验数据的评估为依据,同时还应考虑到这些数据的局限性。这种评估不但应包括药物疗效,而且也应包括药效在体内的特征和局限性。本研究应用系统评价和Meta分析的方法对FK506在卒中动物模型中保护作用的证据进行评价。总共纳入了29个描述了实验步骤的研究,包括1759只动物。结果显示,FK506疗效的点估计值(结局指标的改善)是31.3%[95%CI(0.272-0.354)]。在采用氯胺酮麻醉和短暂性脑缺血的动物实验中,FK506的疗效更高,在使用大鼠,合并其他疾病的动物及仅以梗死面积为疗效指标的实验中,FK506疗效较低。已发表的实验研究质量均接近临床试验标准,但在高质量的研究中,FK506的疗效较低。FK506在实验性脑卒中的研究中,虽然显示出有明显的疗效,但是应注意由于研究质量和可能的发表偏倚等冈素的影响,FK506的疗效可能被过高估计。 | Malcolm R Macleod Tori O’Collins Laura L Horky David W Howells Geoffrey A Donnan 段建钢 | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，6： | 3 |
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