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| 1 | Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor-15 in premalignant and neoplastic tumours in a high-risk pancreatic cancer cohort显示文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide,with poor survival due to late diagnosis.Currently,biomarkers have limited use in early diagnosis of PC.Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 or growth differentiation factor-15(MIC-1/GDF15)has been implicated as a potential serum biomarker in PC and other malignancies.AIM To determine the role of MIC-1/GDF15 in detecting pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours in an asymptomatic high-risk cohort part of Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program.METHODS A feasibility prospective single centre cohort study was performed.Participants recruited for yearly surveillance with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)had serial fasting blood samples collected before EUS for MIC-1/GDF15,C-reactive protein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.Patients were stratified into five groups based on EUS findings:Normal;pancreatic cysts,branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm;diffuse non-specific abnormalities;and neoplastic tumours.MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were quantified using ELISA.Participants in whom EUS demonstrated abnormalities but not malignancy were closely followed up with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography.RESULTS One hundred twenty participants were prospectively recruited from 2011-2018.Forty-seven participants(39.2%)had an abnormal EUS and five participants(4.2%)were diagnosed with neoplastic tumours,three by EUS(two pancreatic and one liver)and two by MRI/computed tomography(breast cancer,bladder cancer),which were performed for follow up of abnormal EUS.Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 was a significant predictor of neoplastic tumours on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis[area under curve(AUC)=0.814,P=0.023].Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 had moderate predictive capacity for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(AUC=0.644)and neoplastic tumours noted on EUS(AUC=0.793),however this was not significant(P=0.188 and 0.081 respectively).Serial serum MIC-1/GDF15 did not demonstrate a significant percentage change between a normal and abnormal EUS(P=0.213).Median baseline MIC-1/GDF15 was greater in those with neoplastic tumours(Median=1039.6,interquartile range=727.0-1977.7)compared to those diagnosed with a benign lesion(Median=570.1,interquartile range=460.7-865.2)on EUS and MRI(P=0.012).CONCLUSION In this pilot study MIC-1/GDF15 has predictive capacity for neoplastic tumours in asymptomatic individuals with a genetic predisposition for PC.Further imagining may be warranted in patients with abnormal EUS and raised serum MIC-1/GDF15.Larger multicentric prospective studies are required to further define the role of MIC-1/GDF15 as a serological biomarker in pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours. | Robert Sean O’Neill Sam Emmanuel David Williams Alina Stoita | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，14： | 8 |
| 2 | Short-term Outcomes for Open and Laparoscopic Midline Incisional Hernia Repair: A Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial: The ProLOVE (Prospective Randomized Trial on Open Versus Laparoscopic Operation of Ventral Eventrations) Trial显示文摘 | Peder Rogmark Ulf Petersson Sven Bringman Arne Eklund Emmanuel Ezra Dan Sevonius Sam Smedberg Johanna ?sterberg Agneta Montgomery | 2013 | Annals of Surgery2013，，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Purification of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by a Chemical Vapour Deposition(CVD) Method显示文摘A procedure for purification of single walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) grown by the chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of carbon monooxide has been developed. Based on the result from TGA/DTA of as prepared sample, the oxidation temperature was determined. The process included sonication, oxidation and acid washing steps. The purity and yield after purification were determined and estimated by TEM. Moreover, for the first time, a loop structure for CVD SWNTs has been observed. | Cigang Xu 1, Emmanuel Flahaut 1, Sam R. Bailey 1, Gareth Brown 1,2 , Jeremy Sloan 1,2 Karl S. Coleman 1, V. Clifford Williams 1 and Malcolm L. H. Green 1* 1. Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK 2 | 2002 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2002，18，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Comparison of Sputum Smear Microscopy and Rapid Tuberculosisantibody Detection Test Kits for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Abia State, Nigeria显示文摘The SSM (sputum smear microscopy) and five immunochromatographic tuberculosis antibody detection tests (DiaSpot TB, Spodex TB, SD Rapid TB, Clinotech TB Screen and Precious One-step TB) were compared for diagnosis of active TB at the Leprosy and Tuberculosis Referral Hospital, Uzuakoli, Abia State, Nigeria. Sputum specimens from 150 study participants (male/female ratio, 0.81) were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen slopes and direct smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique and examined by light microscopy. Sera were tested for anti-TB antibodies using the rapid TB tests. A total of 91 participants were culture positive, 79 (86.8%) for M. tuberculosis and 12 (13.2%) for nontuberculous mycobacteria. The sensitivity of SSM was 50% (95% CI: 39.0-61.0) and specificity was 92.3% (95% CI: 86.4-98.2) in those culture positive for M. tuberculosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid TB tests ranged from 24.1-39.2% and 78.4-87.8%, respectively. None of the five rapid TB tests had acceptable level of accuracy for diagnosis of active TB. The sensitivity of SSM though moderate is inadequate for long term TB control in this setting. | Emmanuel Olufemi Ekundayo Sam D. Abbey Onuka Okorie | 2014 | Journal of Health Science2014，2，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Cross-sectional study and spatial distribution of schistosomiasis among children in Northeastern Nigeria显示文摘Objective: To determine schistosomiasis level and risk factors that exposed school-aged children to infection as well as to model schistosomiasis map in relation to altitude and rainfall in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria.Methods: The study was conducted between January 2014 and June 2014. Urine and faecal samples were collected from 1 080 school-aged children and processed using the filtration and formol–ether concentration techniques, respectively.Results: Irrespective of the schistosomes species, a point prevalence of 10.18% was reported out of the 1 080 children examined. Males were significantly infected than their female counterparts(11.75% vs. 8.43%)(χ2= 4.86; P = 0.027), as well as children aged6–10(11.65%, 72/618) and 11–15 years(10.29%, 35/340) than the other age groups(χ2= 9.274; P = 0.026). No significant difference was observed in schistosomiasis between children whose parents were educated(11.11%, 57/513) and not educated(9.88%,53/536)(χ2= 1.342; P = 0.247) and those whose parents are farmers(9.74%, 53/544) and non-farmers(10.63%, 57/536)(χ~2= 0.787; P = 0.375). Proximity to water bodies(distance < 500 m)(odds ratio = 1.809, confidence interval = 1.057–3.094; P = 0.003 1)and fishing(odds ratio = 2.632, confidence interval = 1.397–4.958; P = 0.003) were the risk factors exposing children to infection. The spatial distribution pattern of schistosomiasis showed that the infection was significantly higher in Serti A(22.2%, 26/180) and Mayo-Selbe(21.1%, 38/180) than the other localities(χ~2= 92.99; P = 0.000).Conclusions: This study reported a moderate level of infection among school-aged children with proximity to water bodies and fishing as the main risk factors. The spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in the area will guide in efficient and effective control programmes at local level. It is recommended that continued efforts be made to scale-up distribution of praziquantel to high risk areas so as to curb the progression of the disease. | Robert Soumay Houmsou Sam Mao Panda Sambo Obadiah Elkanah Liatu Columbus Garba Binga Emmanuel Wama Elizabeth Une Amuta Santaya Larit Kela | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，6： | 0 |
| 6 | Prevalence of epilepsy in the onchocerciasis endemic middle belt of Ghana after 27 years of mass drug administration with ivermectin显示文摘BackgroundIn onchocerciasis-endemic areas with high ongoing Onchocerca volvulus transmission,a high prevalence of epilepsy has been reported.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of epilepsy in the Bono Region of Ghana following 27 years of implementation of ivermectin mass drug administration(MDA).MethodsBetween October 2020 and August 2021,cross-sectional surveys were conducted in nine communities in the Tain District and Wenchi Municipality of the Bono Region of Ghana.In the first stage,a random door-to-door approach was used to screen the population for epilepsy using a pre-tested questionnaire.Persons suspected of having epilepsy were invited for a second-stage neurological examination for case verification.Community O.volvulus microfilarial infection status and Ov16 seropositivity were also determined.Ninety-five confidence intervals(95%CI)for prevalence values were calculated using the Wilson Score Interval.ResultsOf the 971 participants,500(51.5%)were females,and the median age(interquartile range)was 26(15‒43)years.Fourteen participants(1.4%,95%CI:1.0‒2.0)were diagnosed as having epilepsy with generalized seizures being the most frequent seizure type(85.7%,12/14).The overall microfilarial prevalence of O.volvulus was 10.3%(November 2020)and 9.9%(August 2021);the Ov16 seroprevalence was 22.2%(June 2021).Only 63.2%took ivermectin in the last round of MDA distribution in March 2021.ConclusionsThe 1.4%prevalence of epilepsy in the Bono region is similar to the median epilepsy prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.However,the persistent microfilarial prevalence and low ivermectin study coverage call for the Ghana Onchocerciasis Elimination Programme to step up its efforts to ensure that the gains achieved are consolidated and improved to achieve the elimination of onchocerciasis by 2030. | Kenneth Bentum Otabil Blessing Ankrah Emmanuel John Bart-Plange Emmanuel Sam Donkoh Fiona Amoabil Avarikame Fredrick Obeng Ofori-Appiah Theophilus Nti Babae Prince-Charles Kudzordzi Vera Achiaa Darko Joseph Ameyaw Joseph Gyekye Bamfo Raji Abdul Sakibu Daniel Antwi-Berko Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo María-Gloria Basáñez Henk D.F.H.Schallig Robert Colebunders | 2023 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2023，12，4： | 0 |
| 7 | Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery显示文摘大动脉的阀门疾病是影响约 2% 一般成年人口的流行混乱。外科的大动脉的阀门代替是为征兆的病人的标准答案治疗。这治疗可论证地证明了安全、有效。在最后几十年,在一次尝试到减少外科的损伤,为大动脉的阀门代替的不同最低限度地侵略的途径被开发了并且现在逐渐地被利用。文学的记事评论被执行为最低限度地侵略的大动脉的阀门外科描述外科的技术并且从不同富有经验的中心报导结果。最低限度地侵略的大动脉的阀门代替与低 perioperative 病态,死亡和低变换率被联系到完整的 sternotomy。长期的幸存看起来至少比得上为常规完整的 sternotomy 报导了那。最低限度地侵略的大动脉的阀门外科,有部分上面的 sternotomy 的任何一个或恰好前面的 minithoracotomy 提供早术语、长期的好处。给这些好处,它可以为孤立的大动脉的阀门疾病被认为照顾的标准。 | Sebastiano Castrovinci Sam Emmanuel Marco Moscarelli Giacomo Murana Giuseppa Caccamo Emanuela Clara Bertolino Giuseppe Nasso Giuseppe Speziale Khalil Fattouch | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，6： | 0 |
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