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| 1 | Cirrhotic ascites review: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management显示文摘Ascites is a pathologic accumulation of peritoneal fluidcommonly observed in decompensated cirrhotic states. Its causes are multi-factorial, but principally involve significant volume and hormonal dysregulation in the setting of portal hypertension. The diagnosis of ascites is considered in cirrhotic patients given a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, and ultimately confirmed, with insight into etiology, by imaging and paracentesis procedures. Treatment for ascites is multimodal including dietary sodium restriction, pharmacologic therapies, diagnostic and therapeutic paracentesis, and in certain cases transjugular intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt. Ascites is associated with numerous complications including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepato-hydrothorax and hepatorenal syndrome. Given the complex nature of ascites and associatedcomplications, it is not surprising that it heralds increased morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients and increased cost-utilization upon the health-care system. This review will detail the pathophysiology of cirrhotic ascites, common complications derived from it, and pertinent treatment modalities. | Christopher M Moore David H Van Thiel | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，5： | 13 |
| 2 | 肺栓塞的影像 应用螺旋CT的新观显示文摘肺栓塞是一种生前常被漏诊的疾病。其死亡率取决于诸多因素,未经治疗患者的年死亡率可高达 30%,是应用抗凝药物患者年死亡率(2.5%)的10倍以上。 | David M Hansell Christopher D R Flower 邢军 | 1998 | 英国医学杂志中文版1998，0，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Temperature variations inside Chinese solar greenhouses with external climatic conditions and enclosure materials显示文摘Chinese solar greenhouses enable the extension of the crop growing season in the cold climate in Northern China with little or no additional heating.The temporal variations of the air temperatures inside solar greenhouses located at three cities in North,Northeast and Northwest China were predicted by CFD simulations of the greenhouse systems using typical meteorological data.The predicted temperatures based on the meteorological data in Shenyang are quite similar to the measured temperatures.The results also show that the external air temperatures and solar radiation fluxes play more important roles for the inside temperatures as indicated by the highest inner temperature in the morning on Feb.18 and from 10:00 to 14:00 on Feb.19 in Beijing and by the predicted temperatures inside the greenhouse being higher in Lanzhou than those in Shenyang and Beijing during most of the day.The average daily temperature inside the greenhouse in Lanzhou was nearly 3.5℃higher than that in Shenyang.Predicted air temperatures for various wall designs show that for single walls,the daily average interior temperatures in the aerated concrete wall greenhouse were higher than those in the brick wall and reinforced concrete wall greenhouses.However,the air temperature fluctuations were lower in the reinforced concrete wall greenhouse due to greater thermal storage capacity.The results also show that the temperatures in the layered wall greenhouses are quite similar,which coincides with the experimental results。 | Tong Guohong David M Christopher Li Tianlai Wang Tieliang | 2008 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2008，1，2： | 10 |
| 4 | Procalcitonin,and cytokines document a dynamic inflammatory state in non-infected cirrhotic patients with ascites显示文摘AIM:To quantitate the simultaneous serum and ascitic fluid levels of procalcitonin and inflammatory markers in cirrhotics with and without ascites.METHODS:A total of 88 consecutive severe cirrhotic patients seen in a large city hospital liver clinic were studied and divided into two groups,those with and without ascites.Group 1 consisted of 41 cirrhotic patients with massive ascites,as demonstrated by necessity for therapeutic large-volume paracentesis.Group 2consisted of 47 cirrhotic patients without any clinically documented ascites to include either a recent abdominal computed tomography scan or ultrasound study.Serum and ascitic fluid levels of an array of inflammatory markers,including procalcitonin,were measured and compared to each other and a normal plasma panel(NPP).RESULTS:The values for inflammatory markers assayed in the serum of Groups 1 and 2,and ascitic fluid of the Group 1.The plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,interferon gamma(IFNγ)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)were all significantly greater in the serum of Group 1as compared to that of the serum obtained from the Group 2 subjects(all P<0.05).There were significantly greater serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,tumor necrosis factor-α,vascular endothelial growth factor and EGF when comparing Group 2 to the NPP.There was no significant difference for IL-1A,IL-1B,IL-2,IL-4 and IFNγlevels between these two groups.Serum procalcitonin levels were increased in cirrhotics with ascites compared to cirrhotics without ascites,but serum levels were similar to ascites levels within the ascites group.Furthermore,many of these cytokines,but not procalcitonin,demonstrate an ascites-to-serum gradient.Serum procalcitonin does not demonstrate any significant difference segregated by liver etiology in the ascites group;but ascitic fluid procalcitonin is elevated significantly in car-diac cirrhosis/miscellaneous subgroup compared to the hepatitis C virus and alcoholic cirrhosis subgroups.CONCLUSION:Procalcitonin in the ascitic fluid,but not in the serum,differentiates between cirrhotic subgroup reflecting the dynamic interplay of ascites,bacterial translocation and the peri-peritoneal cytokine. | Bashar M Attar Christopher M Moore Magdalena George Nicolae Ion-Nedelcu Rafael Turbay Annamma Zachariah Guiliano Ramadori Jawed Fareed David H Van Thiel | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 4 |
| 5 | MicroRNA-let-7a promotes E2F-mediated cell proliferation and NFKB activation in vitro显示文摘Epigenetic 因素,包括的改变的 microRNA (miRNA ) 表示,可以在全身的豺狼座 erythematosus (SLE ) 贡献异常有免疫力的房间功能。MiRNA-let-7a (let-7a ) 被显示了直接改变房间周期前进和 proinflammatory cytokine 生产。由于在房间分割和发炎的 let-7a 的关键角色,我们调查了 let-7a-mediated 增长和 NFκ在 J774A.1 巨噬细胞和 MES 的 B translocation 在 vitro 的 13 个 mesangial 房间。在有 let-7a 的刺激免疫者的房间 transfected,房间增长显著地随着时间的过去被增加。在 S 和 G 2 阶段的刺激免疫者的房间的数字有重要增加。刺激免疫者的房间 overexpressing let-7a 增加了 NFκ 的原子 translocation; B。Bioinformatical 分析表明 E2F 家庭, G 1-S 转变的批评管理者,在他们的 mRNA 抄本为 let-7a 有潜在的有约束力的地点。Let-7a overexpression 显著地增加了房间周期使活跃之物 E2F2 的表示并且在刺激免疫者的房间增加了 retinoblastoma 蛋白质(Rb ) phosphorylation。房间周期禁止者 E2F5 显著地在刺激免疫者的 let-7a-transfected 房间被减少。Bioinformatical 分析揭示了 E2F2 和 NFκ B 是预言调整 let-7a 倡导者的抄写因素。我们与 E2F2 和 NFκ 用染色质 immunoprecipitation 由即时 RT-PCR 分析了 let-7a 的 transcriptional 规定; B 抗体。E2F2 和 NFκ 有增加;在在刺激免疫者的房间为 let-7a 倡导者充实的 DNA 的 B 绑定。Silencing E2F2 或 NFκ B 显著地减少了在刺激免疫者的房间的 let-7a 表示和 IL-6 生产。一起拿,我们的结果建议 let-7a 的 overexpression 可以在 SLE 贡献增生和 proinflammatory 反应。 | Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna David L Caudell Christopher M Reilly | 2014 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2014，11，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Analysis of a Successful Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Stewart Cooper Ann L Erickson Erin J Adams Joe Kansopon Amy J Weiner David Y Chien Michael Houghton Peter Parham Christopher M Walker | 1999 | Immunity1999，，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG lessens disease in the MRL/Ipr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘热吃惊蛋白质 90 的提高的表示(HSP90 ) 在全身的豺狼座 erythematosus (SLE ) 的肾和浆液被发现了病人和 MRL/Mp-Fas lpr /Fas lpr (MRL/lpr ) 自体免疫的老鼠。如果 HSP90 的抑制将在 MRL/lpr 老鼠减少疾病,我们调查了。在在 vivo 的 vitro,有在 IL-6 的有免疫力刺激的显示出的减少的表示以前的 HSP90 禁止者 Geldanamycin 的 mesangial 房间的预告的处理, IL-12 和号码,我们发现当与 C57BL/6 相比鼠标和 MRL/lpr 鼠标与 HSP90 禁止者 17-DMAG 对待时, HSP90 表示在 MRL/lpr 肾被提高。与 17-DMAG 对待的 MRL/lpr 老鼠显示出减少的 proteinuria 并且减少了浆液 anti-dsDNA 抗体生产。Glomerulonephritis 和 glomerular IgG 和 C3 没被 17-DMAG 的管理显著地在 MRL/lpr 影响。17-DMAG 增加了 CD8 + T 房间,减少的双 negative T 房间,减少 CD4/CD8 比率和减少的小囊的 B 房间。这些研究建议 HSP90 可以在调整 T 房间区别和激活起一个作用并且 HSP90 抑制可以在豺狼座减少发炎。 | Samuel K Shimp III Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna Sarah E Hammond Molly A Read David L Caudell Marissa Nichole Rylander Christopher M Reilly | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Hepatocellular carcinoma after Iocoregional therapy:Magnetic resonance imaging findings in falsely negative exams显示文摘AIM:To elucidate causes for false negative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)exams by identifying imaging characteristics that predict viable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in lesions previously treated with locoregional therapy when obvious findings of recurrence are absent.METHODS:This retrospective institutional review board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study included patients who underwent liver transplantation at our center between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2012 after being treated for HCC with locoregional therapy.All selected patients had a contrast-enhanced MRI after locoregional therapy within 90 d of transplant that was prospectively interpreted as without evidence of residual or recurrenttumor.Retrospectively,2 radiologists,blinded to clinica and pathological data,independently reviewed the pre transplant MRIs for 7 imaging features.Liver explan histopathology provided the reference standard,with clinically significant tumor defined as viable tumor≥1.0cm in maximum dimension.Fisher’s exact test was firs performed to identify significant imaging features.RESULTS:Inclusion criteria selected for 42 patients with 65 treated lesions.Fourteen of 42 patients(33%and 16 of 65 treated lesions(25%)had clinically significant viable tumor on explant histology.None o the 7 imaging findings examined could reliably and reproducibly determine which treated lesion had viable tumor when the exam had been prospectively read as without evidence of viable HCC.CONCLUSION:After locoregional therapy some treated lesions that do not demonstrate any MRI evidence o HCC will contain viable tumor.As such even patients with a negative MRI following treatment should receive regular short-term imaging surveillance because some have occult viable tumor.The possibility of occult tumo should be a consideration when contemplating any action which might delay liver transplant. | David Becker-Weidman Jesse M Civan Sandeep P Deshmukh Christopher G Roth Steven K Herrine Laurence Parker Donald G Mitchell | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，16： | 2 |
| 9 | Evaluation and treatment of internal impingement of the shoulder in overhead athletes显示文摘One of the most common pathologic processes seen in overhead throwing athletes is posterior shoulderpain resulting from internal impingement. 'Internal impingement' is a term used to describe a constellation of symptoms which result from the greater tuberosity of the humerus and the articular surface of the rotator cuff abutting the posterosuperior glenoid when the shoulder is in an abducted and externally rotated position. The pathophysiology in symptomatic internal impingement is multifactorial,involving physiologic shoulder remodeling,posterior capsular contracture,and scapular dyskinesis. Throwers with internal impingement may complain of shoulder stiffness or the need for a prolonged warm-up,decline in performance,or posterior shoulder pain. On physical examination,patients will demonstrate limited internal rotation and posterior shoulder pain with a posterior impingement test. Common imaging findings include the classic 'Bennett lesion' on radiographs,as well as articular-sided partial rotator cuff tears and concomitant SLAP lesions. Mainstays of treatment include intense non-operative management focusing on rest and stretching protocols focusing on the posterior capsule. Operative management is variable depending on the exact pathology,but largely consists of rotator cuff debridement. Outcomes of operative treatment have been mixed,therefore intense non-operative treatment should remain the focus of treatment. | Keith T Corpus Christopher L Camp David M Dines David W Altchek Joshua S Dines | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，12： | 2 |
| 10 | C - reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy 显示文摘 | PAUL M R CHRISTOPHER P C DAVID M | 2005 | N Engl J Med2005，352，： | 1 |
| 11 | First clinical results of the Locking Compression Plate (LCP)显示文摘 | Christoph Sommer Emanuel Gautier Matthias Müller David L. Helfet Michael Wagner | 2003 | Injury2003，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Visible light photoredox catalysis with transition metal complexes:applications in organic synthesis显示文摘 | Christopher K P Danica A R David W C M | 2013 | Chem Rev2013，113，： | 1 |
| 13 | Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles显示文摘 | David Cunningham Eliza A Hawkes Andrew Jack Wendi Qian Paul Smith Paul Mouncey Christopher Pocock Kirit M Ardeshna John A Radford Andrew McMillan John Davies Deborah Turner Anton Kruger Peter Johnson Joanna Gambell David Linch | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9880： | 1 |
| 14 | CXCR4 nanobodies (VHH-based single variable domains) potently inhibit chemotaxis and HIV-1 replication and mobilize stem cells显示文摘 | Sven J Christophe B David M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Pacemaker lead extraction with the laser sheath: results of the pacing lead extraction with the excimer sheath (PLEXES) trial 1 1 No financial support was received for performing the procedures or collecting the data, or for data analysis.显示文摘 | Bruce L Wilkoff Charles L Byrd Charles J Love David L Hayes T.Duncan Sellers Raymond Schaerf Victor Parsonnet Laurence M Epstein Robert A Sorrentino Christopher Reiser | 1999 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1999，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | First clinical results of the Locking Compression Plate (LCP)显示文摘 | Christoph Sommer Emanuel Gautier Matthias Müller David L. Helfet Michael Wagner | 2003 | Injury2003，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen M Davis Geoffrey A Donnan Mark W Parsons Christopher Levi Kenneth S Butcher Andre Peeters P Alan Barber Christopher Bladin Deidre A De Silva Graham Byrnes Jonathan B Chalk John N Fink Thomas E Kimber David Schultz Peter J Hand Judith Frayne Graeme | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The Market Value Impact of Operational Loss Events for US Banks and Insurers显示文摘 | DAVID J CUMMINS CHRISTOPHER M LEWIS RAN WEI | 2006 | Journal of Banking and Finance2006，30，： | 1 |
| 19 | Poly(methylmethacrylate-dimethylsiloxane) triblock copolymers synthesized by transition metal mediated living radical polymerization: bulk and surface characterization显示文摘 | Laurence Bes Kim Huan Ezat Khoshdel Martin J Lowe Christopher F McConville David M Haddleton | 2002 | European Polymer Journal2002，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Ligation of TLR9 induced on human IL-10-secreting Tregs by 1[alpha],25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 abrogates regulatory function显示文摘 | Urry Zo? Xystrakis Emmanuel Richards David F McDonald Joanne Sattar Zahid Cousins David J Corrigan Christopher J Hickman Emma Brown Zarin Hawrylowicz Catherine M | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2009，，2： | 1 |
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