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| 1 | 亚太地区慢性乙型肝炎治疗共识(2012最新版)显示文摘自2008年至今,有大量关于慢性HBV感染的自然史和治疗的最新数据不断涌现。其中包括慢性HBV感染的无症状感染者,以社区为基础的队列研究,HBV基因型的作用,非药物诱导的自然HBV变异型毒株,无创性肝纤维化评估方法的应用,HBsAg定量在临床中的应用,更有效的新治疗药物和新治疗方案等等。来自亚太地区的专家审查和评估了相关数据,并共同商讨了近年来报道的最有意义的发现,基于此,对2008年版的亚太地区慢性乙型肝炎治疗共识进行修订,同时对2008年版治疗指南定义的关键词组进行了修订。修订后的指南包括以下几方面内容:一般治疗,肝纤维化评价适应证,何时开始治疗或停药,初始抗病毒治疗药物的选择,如何监测治疗中和治疗后的患者。关于特殊人群的治疗建议中包括了对妊娠妇女,已发生耐药,合并其他病毒感染,肝功能失代偿,接受免疫抑制治疗、化疗,肝移植或肝细胞癌患者的具体治疗建议。 | 廖运范 Jia-HorngKao Teerha Piratvisuth Henry Lik Yuen Chan Rong-Nan Chien Chun-Jen Liu Ed Gane Stephen Locarnini Seng-Gee Lim Kwang-Hyub Han Deepak Amarapurkar Graham Cooksley Wasim Jafri Rosmawati Mohamed Wan-Long Chuang Laurentius A.Lesmana Jose D.Sollano Dong-Jin Suh Masao Omata 刘颖 徐莹 李芸 黄祖雄 樊蓉 李小溪 吕国涛 周彬 孙剑 侯金林 | 2012 | 临床肝胆病杂志2012，28，8： | 182 |
| 2 | 施用硒、锌、铁对玉米和大豆产量与营养品质的影响显示文摘采用黄土高原低硒区典型土壤,以玉米、大豆为供试作物,研究施用硒、锌、铁对作物产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,仅施用氮、磷、钾肥料,玉米、大豆产量无明显变化,施用适量硒、锌、铁时,玉米产量明显提高15.6%~73.8%,大豆产量提高58.9%1~15.1%。施用硒、锌、铁,玉米籽粒氮含量明显增加,而磷、钾含量无明显变化,大豆籽粒氮含量无明显变化,磷、钾含量有所下降。土施或结合叶面喷施硒、锌、铁时,玉米和大豆籽粒硒、锌、铁含量明显增加,尤其是土施结合叶面喷施硒、锌、铁时效果突出。与对照比较,玉米籽粒硒增加480.4%、锌增加106.9%、铁增加126.7% 大豆籽粒硒增加512.9%、锌增加62.2%、铁增加15.6%。综合考虑玉米、大豆产量和籽粒硒、锌、铁含量变化,锌、硒适宜土壤施用,或土施结合叶面喷施施用,叶面喷施铁可有效提高作物籽粒铁含量。 | 昝亚玲 王朝辉 毛晖 Graham Lyons | 2010 | 植物营养与肥料学报2010，16，1： | 62 |
| 3 | History of Helicobacter pylori,duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection underlies gastric ulcer disease,gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease.The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy(i.e.,duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis).Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years.Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20th century were difficult to diagnose.However,the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present.It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19th century.Here,we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17th to 19th centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern,as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19th century.The environment before the 20th century favored acquisition of H.pylori infection and atrophic gastritis(e.g.,poor sanitation and standards of living,seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables,especially in winter,vitamin deficiencies,and frequent febrile infections in childhood).The latter part of the 19th century saw improvements in standards of living,sanitation,and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent.In the early 20th century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for'surgical disease'or for'Sippy'diets.We show that while H.pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States,environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H.pylori infections and subsequently to a rapid decline in transmission and a rapid decline in all H.pylori-related diseases. | David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 52 |
| 4 | 高原鼠兔生境选择的初步研究显示文摘在石渠县西区的高山草甸和高山灌丛草甸分布区采用卫星照片(1∶100000)结合样线法,在草地(雅砻江及其支流两边)每隔150m设置一个样方,其他环境则每隔100m设置一个样方,样方面积为5×5m2,记录样方所在地的海拔高度、坡度、坡向、生境位置、样方内植被的盖度、阔叶植物盖度、阔叶植物高度、灌丛盖度、土壤质地、离水源的距离以及鼠兔洞数量.共设置样方312个,样方内的高原鼠兔洞数量最多为80个,最少为0,平均为13.7±15个.统计结果显示:影响高原鼠兔生境选择的主要因子依次是生境位置、土壤质地、离水源的距离、灌丛植物盖度和阔叶植物高度.分析表明,高原鼠兔选择的最优生境为下坡位、土质松软、离水源的距离小于50m、阔叶植物高度小于等于5cm,没有灌丛的环境. | 王淯 王小明 王正寰 Patrick Giraudoux Kenichi Takahashi Graham Alastair | 2004 | 四川大学学报(自然科学版)2004，41，5： | 37 |
| 5 | 孤岛状态下含分布式电源的配电系统可靠性分析显示文摘分析了孤岛状态下含分布式电源的配电系统可靠性。针对配电网孤岛运行的特点,提出了可靠性分析的复合随机性负荷模型,提出了既能反映系统充裕度又体现动态特性的可靠性计算方法和衡量指标。计算结果表明,所提的模型、计算方法和衡量指标能充分反映分布式电源在不同程度上提高配电系统的可靠性,为系统的规划设计提供了重要参考。 | 孙瑜 Math Bollen Graham Ault | 2008 | 电网技术2008，32，23： | 39 |
| 6 | 2016 AAOS临床实践循证指南:腕管综合征管理显示文摘前言美国骨科医师学会(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons,AAOS)腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)管理循证指南包括诊断和治疗两方面。这一指南目前已得到美国手外科学会(American Society for Surgery of the Hand,ASSH)、美国放射学会(American College of Radiology,ACR)、美国外科医师学会(American College of Surgeons,ACS)和美国整形医师学会(American Society of Plastic Surgeons,ASPS)的认可。以下为AAOS临床实践指南的简短摘要,逐条列出推荐意见及其推荐级别,如需了解每条推荐意见形成的过程及其完整的证据报告,可查阅www.aaos.org/guidelines上发布的完整指南。 | Graham B Peljovich AE Afra R 白朝晖 夏远军 | 2017 | 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志2017，9，4： | 32 |
| 7 | 黄土高原旱地小麦与豆科绿肥轮作及施氮对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响显示文摘小麦与豆科绿肥轮作和合理施用氮肥对黄土高原旱地缺素地区具有特别重要意义。本试验以夏休闲为对照,比较了小麦与绿豆、大豆、秋豆轮作和氮肥水平(0、108、1351、62 kg/hm2)对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响。结果表明,小麦与豆科绿肥轮作,在黄土高原旱地受水分限制影响,小麦产量降低9.7%~26.6%;同时,与休闲处理相较,小麦籽粒养分携出量显著降低或表现出降低的趋势,其中,与绿豆轮作,小麦籽粒养分携出量降低最多,为10.5%~29.3%,大豆次之,为3.1%~12.8%,与当地大豆品种秋豆轮作,小麦籽粒养分携出量降低最少,为0.98%~11.7%。然而,小麦籽粒营养元素锌、磷、钾、钙、镁的含量与休闲处理相比,分别增加22.0%、18.5%、8.8%、7.9%、7.8%。小麦与绿肥轮作后,108 kg N/hm2(当地常规施氮量的80%)获得了较高小麦生物量和产量。同时,随施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒氮、硫、钙、铁、铜、锌的含量和养分携出量均表现出增加趋势;小麦籽粒含磷量和养分携出量有下降趋势;小麦籽粒锰含量呈现降低趋势但养分携出量增加;钾、镁的含量和养分携出量随施氮量无显著变化。 | 李可懿 王朝辉 赵护兵 赵娜 高亚军 Graham Lyons | 2011 | 干旱地区农业研究2011，29，2： | 27 |
| 8 | 伊犁京希—伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变及成矿流体演化特征显示文摘京希—伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变在空间上有明显的分带性,中心蚀变带以强烈的硅化为主,典型的蚀变矿物组合为石英或玉髓和地开石,中间带为高级泥化带,以地开石-高岭石-石英或玉髓为特征;外带为以蒙脱石-高岭石-伊利石-其他粘土矿物等矿物组合为主的泥化带,蚀变强度和矿物组合的分带性是温度、压力和化学梯度的反映,是流体在不断的水或流体—岩石反应和成分交换的产物。该矿床成矿流体演化过程为:早期酸性(pH=2~3)含矿流体在沿断裂上升过程中,受围岩灰岩中的流体(pH为中性)缓冲,在其进入高渗透性的碎屑岩层时,流速和水—岩石或流体—岩石反应大大加快,并在与大气降水的混合作用下,pH值逐步升高(3~5),产生了流体的温度及成分梯度,在温度和压力迅速下降的条件下,金及蚀变矿物沉淀、结晶生长,形成了蚀变空间分带,中心带保存完好的多孔状石英和地开石等高级泥化矿物组合说明该矿床是高硫化热液体系作用下的产物。 | 肖龙 王方正 付民禄 BEGG Graham HAYWARD Nick | 2001 | 地质学报2001，75，4： | 26 |
| 9 | 新疆京希-伊尔曼德金矿床矿化类型:热液蚀变及流体包裹体证据显示文摘京希_伊尔曼德金矿床位于新疆伊宁县北部。金矿 (化 )体赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组下部粗碎屑岩中 ,同时受控于断裂构造和岩性。该矿床形成于浅成低温环境的高硫化体系中。初始强酸性的含金热液流体在沿断裂构造向上迁移时 ,与围岩发生水_岩反应形成由内向外的物理化学梯度变化 ,表现为以硅化 (发育酸性淋滤形成的多孔状石英构造 )、高级泥化和泥化构成蚀变分带。迪开石 +高岭石 +多孔状_硅化石英等热液蚀变矿物构成高级泥化主蚀变。金主要沉淀富集于硅化带和高级泥化带。蚀变矿物组合及流体包裹体资料确定的成矿流体性质为 :酸性 (pH早期为 2~ 3,晚期为 3~ 5 )、低盐度〔w(NaCl) eq<5 %〕及低温 (成矿温度为 180~ 2 70℃ )。 | 肖龙 王方正 Begg Graham 付民禄 | 2002 | 矿床地质2002，21，1： | 20 |
| 10 | 美国退伍军人事务部/国防部成人脑卒中康复治疗管理临床实践指南(执行简写版)显示文摘背景专家委员会制定的卒中康复指南应用于退伍军人健康管理部门及国防部卫生保健系统。方法根据以前发表的指南,委员会利用美国预防服务特别工作组制定的标准,评价了截至到2002年发表的文献。指南根据临床随机化实验、非对照性研究等证据提出建议(如缺乏确定的数据则根据专家组的建议)。结果Ⅰ级水平的建议包括:在多学科康复环境中或卒中单元中传递卒中治疗,通过NI HSS对卒中患者进行评价,早期启动康复治疗,对吞咽困难患者进行吞咽功能筛查,积极进行二级预防,预防深静脉血栓等。推荐应用标准化的评价工具制定适合每个患者的全面的治疗计划。强烈建议进行抗抑郁及情感波动方面的治疗。语言治疗师应评价患者的交流及认知障碍,并在需要时提供治疗。患者、家属及护理者是康复小组的重要成员,应当介入康复的全部疗程。这些建议在以下网站可查询:http://gffzz5f80cf956d2d4616hk5q9n66bcn666q0f.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cgi/content/full/36/9/e100。并附有每项建议的全文证据表。结论这些建议应平等地应用于所有临床环境中的所有卒中康复患者,而不是仅针对联邦医疗系统的临床问题或资源。 | Barbara Bates John Y. Choi Pamela W. Duncan Jonathan J. Glasberg Glenn D. Graham Richard C. Katz Kerri Lamberty Dean Reker Richard Zorowitz 杨雅琴(译) 王拥军(译) | 2006 | 中国康复理论与实践2006，12，1： | 19 |
| 11 | Immunotherapy in gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer is the second most common of cancerrelated deaths worldwide.In the majority of cases gastric cancer is advanced at diagnosis and although medical and surgical treatments have improved,survival rates remain poor.Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful and promising clinical approach for treatment of cancer and has shown major success in breast cancer,prostate cancer and melanoma.Here,we provide an overview of concepts of modern cancer immunotherapy including the theory,current approaches,remaining hurdles to be overcome,and the future prospect of cancer immunotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer.Adaptive cell therapies,cancer vaccines,gene therapies,monoclonal antibody therapies have all been used with some initial successes in gastric cancer.However,to date the results in gastric cancer have been disappointing as current approaches often do not stimulate immunity efficiently allowing tumors continue to grow despite the presence of a measurable immune response.Here,we discuss the identification of targets for immunotherapy and the role of biomarkers in prospectively identifying appropriate subjects or immunotherapy.We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells escape host immunosurveillance and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.We show how advances have provided tools for overcoming the mechanisms of immunosuppression including the use of monoclonal antibodies to block negative regulators normally expressed on the surface of T cells which limit activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells.Immunotherapy has greatly improved and is becoming an important factor in such fields as medical care and welfare for human being.Progress has been rapid ensuring that the future of immunotherapy for gastric cancer is bright. | Satoko Matsueda David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 19 |
| 12 | Operative link for gastritis assessment vs operative link on intestinal metaplasia assessment显示文摘AIM:To compare the reliability of gastritis staging sys-tems in ranking gastritis-associated cancer risk in a large series of consecutive patients.METHODS:Gastric mucosal atrophy is the precancer-ous condition in which intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC)most frequently develops.The operative link for gas-tritis assessment(OLGA)staging system ranks the GC risk according to both the topography and the severity of gastric atrophy(as assessed histologically on the ba-sis of the Sydney protocol for gastric mucosal biopsy).Both cross-sectional and long-term follow-up trials have consistently associated OLGA stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ with a higher risk of GC.A recently-proposed modification of the OLGA staging system(OLGIM)basically incorporates the OLGA frame,but replaces the atrophy score with an assessment of intestinal metaplasia(IM)alone.A series of 4552 consecutive biopsy sets(2007-2009)was re-trieved and reassessed according to both the OLGA and the OLGIM staging systems.A set of at least 5 biopsy samples was available for all the cases considered.RESULTS:In 4460 of 4552 cases(98.0%),both the high-risk stages(Ⅲ + Ⅳ)and the low-risk stages(0 +Ⅰ + Ⅱ)were assessed applying the OLGA and OL-GIM criteria.Among the 243 OLGA high-risk stages,14(5.8%)were down-staged to a low risk using OLGIM.The 67(1.5%)incidentally-found neoplastic lesions(intraepithelial or invasive)were consistently associated with high-risk stages,as assessed by both OLGA and OLGIM(P < 0.001 for both).Two of 34 intestinal-type GCs coexisting with a high-risk OLGA stage(stage Ⅲ)were associated with a low-risk OLGIM stage(stage Ⅱ).CONCLUSION:Gastritis staging systems(both OLGA and OLGIM)convey prognostically important informa-tion on the gastritis-associated cancer risk.Because of its clinical impact,the stage of gastritis should be included as a conclusive message in the gastritis histol-ogy report.Since it focuses on IM alone,OLGIM staging is less sensitive than OLGA staging in the identif ication of patients at high risk of gastric cancer. | Massimo Rugge Matteo Fassan Marco Pizzi Fabio Farinati Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Mario Plebani David Y Graham | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，41： | 19 |
| 13 | Enhanced recovery programme in colorectal surgery:Does one size fit all?显示文摘Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) employs a multimodal perioperative care pathway with the aim of attenuating the stress response to surgery and accelerating recovery.It has been difficult to determine the relative importance of some of the individual components of these pathways such as epidural analgesia and laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Some argue that only a rigid adherence to the published ERAS protocol can achieve the proposed benefits of fast-track surgery.In this article,we explore some of the areas where the evidence base may be changing and ask whether a more flexible and individualised approach should be considered. | Alison Lyon Christopher J Payne Graham J MacKay | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，40： | 18 |
| 14 | Retinopathy of prematurity: an epidemic in the making显示文摘探索阻止并且对待早熟( ROP )的严重 retinopathy 的病原学,发生和方法的目的,它很快在早熟的婴儿的增加的数字是在这评论使用的数据主要从用英语出版的 Medline 和 PubMed 的 surviving.Data 来源的世界的区域正在成为威胁到婴儿的视觉。搜索词是“早熟和早熟的出生的 retinopathy ”我们讨论的 .Study 选择历史的观点,流行和发生,在为有严重 ROP 的眼睛的外部网膜的脱离能帮助的早熟的 babies.Results 的 ROP 的分类和处理方法阻止前进到盲目和几大临床的试用在高风险眼睛显示出这个处理的有效性。作为婴儿们熬过的 VLBW 和 ELBW 的一个更大的比例,在风险的婴儿的人口增加。在世界的各种各样的区域,不同鉴定标准作为需要被用来决定哪个婴儿在盲目的风险以便提供及时诊断考试和处理。为 preventiing ROP 的方法包括处于早熟,胎儿的 corticosteroids 的使用,和更好新生的照顾惯例的率导致减小的更好胎儿、产科的照顾。最近的开发显示了氧补充的管理为严重 ROP 的预防是重要的;然而,有还没知道浸透目标什么氧应该被采用。败血增加严重 ROP 在很 preterm 婴儿。基因协会和一条 telemedicine 途径可以被探索检测 ROP。 anti-VEGF 治疗的处理在有严重 ROP 的眼睛是潜在地有用的,但是长期的效果还没被知道,如此的处理应该与大 caution.Conclusions ROP 被使用是为与在最近的年里在许多国家改进新生的服务的发展正在变得更流行的早熟的婴儿的潜在地有约束力的疾病。高优先级应该被放在开发途径由减少 preterm 出生阻止 ROP 盲目上,改进以新生的照顾单位的早熟的婴儿的照顾,并且在那些区域提供足够的眼科的服务。 | Graham E. Quinn Clare Gilbert Brian A. Darlow Andrea Zin | 2010 | Chinese Medical Journal2010，，20： | 17 |
| 15 | Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in the 21^(st) century显示文摘Restitution of normal fat absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency remains an elusive goal. Although many patients achieve satisfactory clinical results with enzyme therapy, few experience normalization of fat absorption, and many, if not most, will require individualized therapy. Increasing the quantity of lipase administered rarely eliminates steatorrhea but increases the cost of therapy. Enteric coated enzyme microbead formulations tend to separate from nutrients in the stomach precluding coordinated emptying of enzymes and nutrients. Unprotected enzymes mix well and empty with nutrients but are inactivated at pH 4 or below. We describe approaches for improving the results of enzyme therapy including changing to, or adding, a different product, adding non-enteric coated enzymes,(e.g., giving unprotected enzymes at the start of the mealand acid-protected formulations later), use of antisecretory drugs and/or antacids, and changing the timing of enzyme administration. Because considerable lipid is emptied in the first postprandial hour, it is prudent to start therapy with enteric coated microbead prior to the meal so that some enzymes are available during that first hour. Patients with hyperacidity may benefit from adjuvant antisecretory therapy to reduce the duodenal acid load and possibly also sodium bicarbonate to prevent duodenal acidity. Comparative studies of clinical effectiveness of different formulations as well as the characteristics of dispersion, emptying, and dissolution of enteric-coated microspheres of different diameter and density are needed; many such studies have been completed but not yet made public. We discuss the history of pancreatic enzyme therapy and describe current use of modern preparations, approaches to overcoming unsatisfactory clinical responses, as well as studies needed to be able to provide reliably effective therapy. | Tony Trang Johanna Chan David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 17 |
| 16 | 液化天然气(LNG)用超低温不锈钢的焊接及焊接材料显示文摘 | Graham Holloway Adam Marshall 张筑耀 | 2005 | 机械工人(热加工)2005，，8： | 16 |
| 17 | Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature显示文摘The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended. | Natasha A Koloski Laurel Bret Graham Radford-Smith | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 16 |
| 18 | The economic implications of corporate financial reporting显示文摘 | John R. Graham Campbell R. Harvey Shiva Rajgopal | 2005 | Journal of Accounting and Economics2005，，1： | 16 |
| 19 | 急性支气管炎的诊治显示文摘 | Graham Worrall 李井泉(译) | 2008 | 中国全科医学2008，11，12： | 16 |
| 20 | What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?显示文摘The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat' are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time. | Sarah P F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，2： | 15 |
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