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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales显示文摘 | C.P Wilkinson Frederick L Ferris Ronald E Klein Paul P Lee Carl David Agardh Matthew Davis Diana Dills Anselm Kampik R Pararajasegaram Juan T Verdaguer | 2003 | Ophthalmology2003，，9： | 4 |
| 3 | Sentinel-lymph-node resection compared with conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer: overall survival findings from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase 3 trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Joseph P Costantino Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Eleftherios P Mamounas Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Norman Wolmark | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，10： | 3 |
| 4 | European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants - 2013 Update显示文摘 | Sweet David G Carnielli Virgilio Greisen Gorm Hallman Mikko Ozek Eren Plavka Richard Saugstad Ola D Simeoni Umberto Speer Christian P Vento Maximo Halliday Henry L | 2013 | Neonatology2013，，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Outcomes after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears in the setting of mild to moderate glenohumeral osteoarthritis显示文摘BACKGROUND Rotator cuff pathology is a very common source of shoulder pain.Similarly,osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint can cause shoulder pain and produce similar symptoms.Surgical management can be indicated for both pathologies,however,outcomes data is limited when examining rotator cuff repair(RCR) in the setting of glenohumeral arthritis(GHOA).Thus,this study sought to determine outcomes for patients who undergo RCR in the setting of GHOA.AIM To evaluate if a relationship exists between outcomes of RCR in the setting of GHOA.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with concurrent glenohumeral osteoarthritis between 2010-2017.Patients were stratified based on rotator cuff tear size and glenohumeral osteoarthritis severity.Cohorts were paired 1:1 with patients without glenohumeral osteoarthritis.Patients included had a minimum two year follow-up.Rate of conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty,complication rates following initial surgery,and patient-reported outcome measures were collected.RESULTS A total of 142 patients were included.The number of patients that required total shoulder arthroplasty within two years after index surgery was low.2/71(2.8%) patients with GHOA,and 1/71(1.4%) without GHOA.Following rotator cuff repair,both groups showed favorable patientreported outcomes.CONCLUSION Patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair showed comparable outcomes to patients without glenohumeral osteoarthritis. | Ian S Hong Allison J Rao Tyler L CarlLee Joshua D Meade Daniel J Hurwit Gregory Scarola David P Trofa Shadley C Schiffern Nady Hamid Patrick M Connor James E Fleischli Bryan Michael Saltzman | 2022 | World Journal of Orthopedics2022，13，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales显示文摘 | C.P Wilkinson Frederick L Ferris Ronald E Klein Paul P Lee Carl David Agardh Matthew Davis Diana Dills Anselm Kampik R Pararajasegaram Juan T Verdaguer | 2003 | Ophthalmology2003，，9： | 2 |
| 8 | Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study显示文摘 | Julia Granerod Helen E Ambrose Nicholas WS Davies Jonathan P Clewley Amanda L Walsh Dilys Morgan Richard Cunningham Mark Zuckerman Ken J Mutton Tom Solomon Katherine N Ward Michael PT Lunn Sarosh R Irani Angela Vincent David WG Brown Natasha S Crowcroft | 2010 | The Lancet Infectious Diseases2010，，12： | 2 |
| 9 | Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Barbara J Miller Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Denise M Mammolito David R McCready Eleftherios P Mamo | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，10： | 2 |
| 10 | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a restricts the anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone显示文摘The hypoxia inducible factors(Hifs) are evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors that control homeostatic responses to low oxygen. In developing bone, Hif-1 generated signals induce angiogenesis necessary for osteoblast specification, but in mature bone, loss of Hif-1 in osteoblasts resulted in a more rapid accumulation of bone. These findings suggested that Hif-1 exerts distinct developmental functions and acts as a negative regulator of bone formation. To investigate the function of Hif-1a in osteoanabolic signaling, we assessed the effect of Hif-1a loss-of-function on bone formation in response to intermittent parathyroid hormone(PTH). Mice lacking Hif-1a in osteoblasts and osteocytes form more bone in response to PTH, likely through a larger increase in osteoblast activity and increased sensitivity to the hormone. Consistent with this effect, exposure of primary mouse osteoblasts to PTH resulted in the rapid induction of Hif-1a protein levels via a post-transcriptional mechanism. The enhanced anabolic response appears to result from the removal of Hif-1a-mediated suppression of b-catenin transcriptional activity. Together, these data indicate that Hif-1a functions in the mature skeleton to restrict osteoanabolic signaling. The availability of pharmacological agents that reduce Hif-1a function suggests the value in further exploration of this pathway to optimize the therapeutic benefits of PTH. | Julie L Frey David P Stonko Marie-Claude Faugere Ryan C Riddle | 2014 | Bone Research2014，2，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Classification of remote sensing Images having high spectral resolution显示文摘 | P H Joseph A L David | 1996 | Remote Sensing Environment1996，57，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Immunolocalizavion of a protein disul- fide isomerase to Arabidopsia Thalfana chloroplasts and asso- ciation with atarch biogenesis 显示文摘 | Dong P L David A C | 2006 | International Journal of Plant Sciences2006，162，： | 1 |
| 13 | Polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains( C C L)as revealed by AFLP analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers显示文摘 | L David P Rajasekaran J Fang | 2001 | Molecular genetics and genomics2001，266，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Adaptations to normal human gait on potentially slippery surfaces: The effects of awareness and prior slip experience 显示文摘 | Tamika L David J Gunter P | 2006 | Gait and Posture2006，24，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Anoop SV Shah Jeremy P Langrish Harish Nair David A McAllister Amanda L Hunter Ken Donaldson David E Newby Nicholas L Mills | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Drag on Hydroid-Fouled Nets – An Experimental Approach显示文摘The present study investigated the drag increase on aquaculture nets due to biofouling of the colonial hydroid Ectopleura larynx. It had two main parts: firstly the growth characteristics of E. larynx were investigated by use of field tests at a Norwegian aquaculture site; secondly the hydrodynamic drag on the fouled twines was studied in a towing tank by using fabricated models of net twines with artificial hydroid fouling. In the field tests, the growth of the hydroids was first measured after three weeks of immersion and then again after six weeks. During this interval, the density of hydroids and the thickness of the hydroid stem were almost constant(1.4 hydroids/mm and 0.29 mm, respectively), while the average length of the hydroids increased from 6.4 to 11.2 mm. The hydroid length followed a Rayleigh distribution, while the thickness was normal(Gaussian) distributed. Replicas of twines with three different levels of hydroid growth were made(1.5 hydroids/mm twine, hydroid length 9 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm), and the drag on these twines was measured at different towing velocities(0.1 to 1.4 m/s) and with different twine configurations. For the twine with the shortest hydroids(9 mm), the drag was from 1.5 times(Re=4000) to 2.2 times(Re=1000) the drag on a clean twine. For the longest hydroids(21 mm), the drag was 2 times and 3.8 times, respectively. | Pl LADER David W. FREDRIKSSON Jana GUENTHER Zsolt VOLENT Nina BLOCHER David KRISTIANSEN Lars GANSEL Jud DECEW | 2015 | China Ocean Engineering2015，29，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) ryvarden: a medicinal mushroom that stimulates neurite outgrowth in pc-12 cells 显示文摘 | Eik L F Naidu M David P | 2012 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine2012，，32： | 1 |
| 18 | Dalteparin for the prevention of recurrence of placental-mediated complications of pregnancy in women without thrombophilia:a pilot randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | Rey E Garneau P David M Gauthier R Leduc L Michon N | 2009 | J Thromb Haemost2009，7，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Semicarbazide formation in azodicarbonamide treated flour: a model study 显示文摘 | Adam B Benjiamin P Y L David L | 2004 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2004，52，18： | 1 |
| 20 | A Full Scale Structural Pavement Structural Study for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design 显示文摘 | Angela L P David H T | 2005 | Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologistcs2005，74，： | 1 |
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