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| 1 | 将卒中纳入心血管风险预测工具美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明显示文摘背景和目的目前美国针对心血管事件风险预测以及一级和二级预防的指南声明均使用绝对风险估计值来识别血管事件高危患者以及可从特定干预措施中获益的患者。然而,这些指南并未明确地包括卒中患者。本指南对现有证据和争论进行概述以支持:(1)将卒中(尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中)患者纳入心血管病绝对风险增高的患者群体;(2)将卒中纳入血管性疾病风险预测工具的转归预测因素。方法和结果写作组成员由委员会联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果来提名,并得到美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会以及文稿监督委员会的批准。作者采用系统文献回顾(覆盖1980年1月至2010年3月期间的文献)并参考以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点,以归纳现有证据,提出当前知识的不足,并根据AHA标准对适当的问题制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并批准了最终版本。经广泛的AHA内部同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审阅后,最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会的批准。将卒中患者(尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者)纳入冠状动脉和心血管病绝对高危人群的原因如下。首先,有证据显示,缺血性卒中患者发生致死性和非致死性心肌梗死或猝死的绝对风险增高,10年绝对风险≥20%,这一风险阈值已被一些指南用于定义冠状动脉疾病风险等危症。其次,纳入动脉粥样硬化性卒中的原因与纳入糖尿病、周围血管病、慢性肾脏病以及其他动脉粥样硬化性疾病的原因相同,尽管尚缺乏在所有人群或患者中风险增高的统一证据。再次,缺血性卒中的大动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型与其他这些疾病的病理生理学机制相同。将卒中纳入高危因素将导致高危人群的数量扩大约10%。然而,由于卒中的异质性,尚不确定其他卒中亚型,包括出血性卒中以及非动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型,是否应被视为具有相同水平的风险,因此有待进一步研究。鉴于卒中对残疾和死亡的影响、卒中与其他血管性疾病预防措施的相似性以及卒中在某些人群中较冠状动脉疾病更高的重要性,将卒中、心肌梗死和猝死纳入心血管事件风险预测工具的转归预测因素是合适的。美国以外的指南常常将卒中患者纳入心血管高危人群,并将卒中作为心脏终点的一个相关转归事件。结论动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者应被纳入会进一步发生冠状动脉粥样硬化事件的高危患者(10年≥20%)。是否应纳入非动脉粥样硬化卒中亚型尚不确定。对于一级预防,缺血性卒中应被纳入绝对风险评估方案的心血管疾病转归事件。将动脉粥样硬化性卒中作为一个高危因素或者更宽泛地将缺血性卒中视作一种转归事件纳入,可能对心血管病的预防具有重要意义,因为被评定为高危风险的患者数量将大幅增加。 | Daniel T. Lackland Mitchell S.V. Elkind Ralph D'Agostino Sr Mandip S. Dhamoon David C. Goff Jr Randall T. Higashida Leslie A. McClure Pamela H. Mitchell Ralph L. Sacco Cathy A. Sila Sidney C. Smith Jr David Tanne David L. Tirschwell Emmanuel Touze Lawrence R. Wechsler 4:~ 尤寿江(译) 于海龙(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 刘春风(译) | 2012 | 国际脑血管病杂志2012,20,11: | 13 |
| 2 | 预防术后肺部并发症对改善食管切除术临床结果的重要性显示文摘食管切除术后食管癌患者预后可能与包括患者年龄、肿瘤分期、手术方式、术后并发症在内的许多因素有关。肺部并发症是食管切除术后的主要并发症和死亡原因。许多研究显示,导致食管切除术后肺部并发症发生的术前因素包括高龄、营养不良及心肺储备低下(术前放化疗是否会增加术后肺部并发症发生率尚不明确):手术因素包括术中大量失血、手术时间过长、进展期食管癌、近端食管癌、手术范围过大如McKeown切除加三野淋巴结清扫:术后因素包括心房颤动、喉返神经损伤、吞咽异常。可能的预防措施有:术前戒烟、积极的术后排痰、恢复进食前要确保吞咽机制的完整性。 | Thomas A. D'Amico | 2011 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2011,14,9: | 5 |
| 3 | GP73, a resident Golgi glycoprotein, is a novel serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Jorge A. Marrero Patrick R. Romano Olga Nikolaeva Laura Steel Anand Mehta Claus J. Fimmel Mary Ann Comunale Anthony D’Amelio Anna S. Lok Timothy M. Block | 2005 | Journal of Hepatology2005,,6: | 5 |
| 4 | 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia显示文摘 | Dinesh Khanna John D. Fitzgerald Puja P. Khanna Sangmee Bae Manjit K. Singh Tuhina Neogi Michael H. Pillinger Joan Merill Susan Lee Shraddha Prakash Marian Kaldas Maneesh Gogia Fernando Perez‐Ruiz Will Taylor Frédéric Lioté Hyon Choi Jasvinder A. Singh Ni | 2012 | Arthritis Care Res2012,,10: | 4 |
| 5 | The Virtual Geoscience Workbench, VGW: Open Source tools for discontinuous systems显示文摘In 1989 work began on merging finite and discrete elements. During 1990 algorithmic solutions for the new combined method were developed, together with a C-based implementation known as the Y code. In 2004 these developments and implementations were published as a textbook. Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) and Imperial College are currently engaged in a research project to make Y codes in both 2D and 3D available in Open Source format and with mainly geoscience problems in mind. The result is a set of Open Source tools for Geoscience (VGW), key components of which are summarised in this paper, together with illustrative range of simulation results. | A. Munjiza J. Xiang X. Garcia J.P. Latham G.G. Schiava D'Albano N.W.M. John | 2010 | Particuology2010,8,2: | 4 |
| 6 | European evidence-based Consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | J.F. Rahier S. Ben-Horin Y. Chowers C. Conlon P. De Munter G. D’Haens E. Domènech R. Eliakim A. Eser J. Frater M. Gassull M. Giladi A. Kaser M. Lémann T. Moreels A. Moschen R. Pollok W. Reinisch M. Schunter E.F. Stange H. Tilg G. Van Assche N. Viget B. Vu | 2009 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2009,,2: | 3 |
| 7 | STARR with CONTOUR? TRANSTAR? device for obstructed defecation syndrome: one-year real-world outcomes of the European TRANSTAR registry显示文摘 | G. Ribaric A. D’Hoore G. Schiffhorst E. Hempel | 2014 | International Journal of Colorectal Disease2014,,5: | 3 |
| 8 | Physics of Silicene Stripes显示文摘 | A. Kara C. Léandri M. E. Dávila P. Padova B. Ealet H. Oughaddou B. Aufray G. Lay | 2009 | Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism2009,,: | 3 |
| 9 | The rationale behind complete mesocolic excision (CME) and a central vascular ligation for colon cancer in open and laparoscopic surgery显示文摘 | K. S?ndenaa P. Quirke W. Hohenberger K. Sugihara H. Kobayashi H. Kessler G. Brown V. Tudyka A. D’Hoore R. H. Kennedy N. P. West S. H. Kim R. Heald K. E. Storli A. Nesbakken B. Moran | 2014 | International Journal of Colorectal Disease2014,,4: | 3 |
| 10 | 汽车动力系离合器接合抖振和粘一滑的分析和仿真显示文摘研究分析了离合器接合的抖振和粘一滑以及用数字来检验这些现象的影响系数。为具有汽车变速箱装置的动力系带打滑离合的4自由度(4DOF)的扭振系统开发了一个模型。进行稳态分析表明该离合器的抖振与摩擦系数和斜率有关,并用数字仿真加以证实。开发了模拟粘一滑的一种算法,并用于数字仿真,它表明了由于离合器压力波动,离开接合的抖振和外载荷变动将增加了粘一滑的可能性。由2档换到3档的数字仿真证明,根据离合器接合时作用压力波动,离开接合抖振和外载荷波动发生粘一滑可能增大,而随作用压力倾斜到啮合点发生粘一滑可能性明显减少。 | A. Crowther N Zhang D K Liu J K Jeyakumaran | 2008 | 传动技术2008,22,4: | 3 |
| 11 | Frequent amplification of a chr19q13.41 microRNA polycistron in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors显示文摘 | Li M Lee KF Lu Y Clarke I Shih D Eberhart C Collins VP Van Meter T Picard D Zhou L Boutros PC Modena P Liang ML Scherer SW Bouffet E Rutka JT Pomeroy SL Lau CC Taylor MD Gajjar A Dirks PB Hawkins CE Huang A. | 2009 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2009,7,4: | 3 |
| 12 | The ALPPS procedure for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | G. Vennarecci A. Laurenzi G.B. Levi Sandri E. Busi Rizzi M. Cristofaro M. Montalbano P. Piselli A. Andreoli G. D’Offizi G.M. Ettorre | 2014 | European Journal of Surgical Oncology2014,,: | 3 |
| 13 | Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of solid focal liver lesions显示文摘 | A. Gallotti M. D’Onofrio L. Romanini V. Cantisani R. Pozzi Mucelli | 2011 | European Journal of Radiology2011,,3: | 3 |
| 14 | First-line single-agent cetuximab in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A phase II clinical and molecular study of the Spanish group for digestive tumor therapy (TTD)显示文摘 | J. Sastre E. Aranda C. Grávalos B. Massutí M. Varella-Garcia F. Rivera G. Soler A. Carrato J.L. Manzano E. Díaz-Rubio M. Hidalgo | 2009 | Critical Reviews in Oncology and Hematology2009,,1: | 2 |
| 15 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the characterization of benign focal liver lesions: activity-based cost analysis显示文摘 | N. Faccioli M. D'Onofrio A. Comai C. Cugini | 2007 | La radiologia medica2007,,6: | 2 |
| 16 | The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: Current management显示文摘 | A. Dignass G. Van Assche J.O. Lindsay M. Lémann J. S?derholm J.F. Colombel S. Danese A. D’Hoore M. Gassull F. Gomollón D.W. Hommes P. Michetti C. O’Morain T. ?resland A. Windsor E.F. Stange S.P.L. Travis | 2010 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2010,,1: | 2 |
| 17 | Maternal morbidity following a trial of labor after cesarean section vs elective repeat cesarean delivery: a systematic review with metaanalysis显示文摘 | A. Cristina Rossi Vincenzo D’Addario | 2008 | American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology2008,,3: | 2 |
| 18 | Management of Newly Diagnosed Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma: Updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Guidelines 2013显示文摘 | Joseph R. Mikhael David Dingli Vivek Roy Craig B. Reeder Francis K. Buadi Suzanne R. Hayman Angela Dispenzieri Rafael Fonseca Taimur Sher Robert A. Kyle Yi Lin Stephen J. Russell Shaji Kumar P. Leif Bergsagel Steven R. Zeldenrust Nelson Leung Matthew T. D | 2013 | Mayo Clinic Proceedings2013,,4: | 2 |
| 19 | Laparoscopic treatment of simple hepatic cysts and polycystic liver disease显示文摘 | P. Fiamingo U. Tedeschi M. Veroux U. Cillo A. Brolese A. Da Rold C. Madia G. Zanus D.F. D'Amico | 2003 | Surgical Endoscopy2003,,4: | 2 |
| 20 | Physics and chemistry of silicene nano-ribbons显示文摘 | G. Le Lay B. Aufray C. Léandri H. Oughaddou J.-P. Biberian P. De Padova M.E. Dávila B. Ealet A. Kara | 2009 | Applied Surface Science2009,,: | 2 |