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| 1 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 2 | Systematic review of novel ablative methods in locally advanced pancreatic cancer显示文摘Unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer with or without metastatic disease is associated with a very poor prognosis.Current standard therapy is limited to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Few regimens have been shown to have a substantial survival advantage and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed.Thermal and laser based ablative techniques are widely used in many solid organ malignancies.Initial studies in the pancreas were associated with significant morbidity and mortality,which limited widespread adoption.Modifications to the various applications,in particular combining the techniques with high quality imaging such as computed tomography and intraoperative or endoscopic ultrasound has enabled real time treatment monitoring and significant improvements in safety.We conducted a systematic review of the litera-ture up to October 2013.Initial studies suggest that ablative therapies may confer an additional survival benefit over best supportive care but randomised studies are required to validate these findings. | Margaret G Keane Konstantinos Bramis Stephen P Pereira Giuseppe K Fusai | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 30 |
| 3 | Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review显示文摘A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be 'true' gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up. | R Stephen McCain Anna Diamond Claire Jones Helen G Coleman | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 25 |
| 4 | Covalently closed-circular hepatitis B virus DNA reduction with entecavir or lamivudine显示文摘AIM: To investigate the reduction in hepatitis B virus(HBV) covalently closed-circular DNA(ccc DNA) with entecavir(ETV) or lamivudine(LAM). METHODS: This analysis included patients who had participated in the randomized Phase Ⅲ study ETV-022 comparing ETV vs LAM in nucleos(t)ide-naive, HBe Agpositive patients. Patients received ETV(0.5 mg daily) or LAM(100 mg daily) for a minimum of 52 wk. Patients were eligible to participate in this sub-study if they had paired biopsies at baseline and week 48 with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA. The main objective was to compare changes in hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA at week 48 of ETV or LAM treatment, which was a secondary endpoint of study ETV-022. Additional post hoc analyses included linear regression analyses to assess associations of baseline levels and on-treatment changes of ccc DNA with other baseline factors [sex,age, serum HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBV genotype], or ontreatment factors(changes from baseline at week 48 in serum HBV DNA, ALT, Knodell necroinflammatory score, Ishak fibrosis score, total hepatic HBV DNA, and HBe Ag loss at week 48).RESULTS: Overall, 305 patients(ETV = 159; LAM = 146) of ETV-022 had paired baseline and week 48 liver biopsies with evaluable measurements for hepatic HBV ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and were included in this analysis. Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were comparable between the two arms. After 48 wk, ETV resulted in significantly greater reductions in hepatic HBV ccc DNA [-0.9 log10 copies/human genome equivalent(HGEq) vs-0.7 log10 copies/HGEq; P = 0.0033] and total hepatic DNA levels(-2.1 log10 copies/HGEq vs-1.6 log10 copies/HGEq; P < 0.0001) than LAM. Virologic, biochemical, and histologic response rates at week 48 were also greater with ETV than with LAM. Baseline HBV ccc DNA levels were positively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA, and negatively associated with HBV genotype F. On-treatment changes in HBV ccc DNA levels were negatively associated with baseline levels of serum HBV DNA and baseline ALT, and were positively associated with on-treatment changes in the levels of serum HBV DNA, total hepatic HBV DNA levels, and ALT, change in Knodell necroinflammatory score, and HBe Ag loss.CONCLUSION: Forty-eight weeks of ETV resulted in greater reductions in ccc DNA and total hepatic HBV DNA than LAM, but long-term therapy may be needed for ccc DNA elimination. | Scott Bowden Stephen Locarnini Ting-Tsung Chang You-Chen Chao Kwang-Hyub Han Robert G Gish Robert A de Man Miao Yu Cyril Llamoso Hong Tang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 11 |
| 5 | Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Rafael Lozano Mohsen Naghavi Kyle Foreman Stephen Lim Kenji Shibuya Victor Aboyans Jerry Abraham Timothy Adair Rakesh Aggarwal Stephanie Y Ahn Mohammad A AlMazroa Miriam Alvarado H Ross Anderson Laurie M Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Charles Atkinson Larry M | 2012 | The Lancet . 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 7 |
| 6 | Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen B Hanauer Brian G Feagan Gary R Lichtenstein Lloyd F Mayer S Schreiber Jean Frederic Colombel Daniel Rachmilewitz Douglas C Wolf Allan Olson Weihang Bao Paul Rutgeerts | 2002 | The Lancet2002，，9317： | 6 |
| 7 | Predictive biomarkers in precision medicine and drug development against lung cancer显示文摘The molecular characterization of various cancers has shown that cancers with the same origins,histopathologic diagnoses,and clinical stages can be highly heterogeneous in their genetic and epigenetic alterations that cause tumorigenesis.A number of cancer driver genes with functional abnormalities that trigger malignant transformation and that are required for the survival of cancer cells have been identified.Therapeutic agents targeting some of these cancer drivers have been successfully developed,resulting in substantial improvements in clinical symptom amelioration and outcomes in a subset of cancer patients.However,because such therapeutic drugs often benefit only a limited number of patients,the successes of clinical development and applications rely on the ability to identify those patients who are sensitive to the targeted therapies.Thus,biomarkers that can predict treatment responses are critical for the success of precision therapy for cancer patients and of anticancer drug development.This review discusses the molecular heterogeneity of lung cancer pathogenesis;predictive biomarkers for precision medicine in lung cancer therapy with drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK),c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase[ROSl),and immune checkpoints;biomarkers associated with resistance to these therapeutics;and approaches to identify predictive biomarkers in anticancer drug development.The identification of predictive biomarkers during anticancer drug development is expected to greatly facilitate such development because it will increase the chance of success or reduce the attrition rate.Additionally,such identification will accelerate the drug approval process by providing effective patient stratification strategies in clinical trials to reduce the sample size required to demonstrate clinical benefits. | Bingliang Fang Reza J Mehran John V Heymach Stephen G Swisher | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2015，34，7： | 5 |
| 8 | Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Rafael Lozano Mohsen Naghavi Kyle Foreman Stephen Lim Kenji Shibuya Victor Aboyans Jerry Abraham Timothy Adair Rakesh Aggarwal Stephanie Y Ahn Mohammad A AlMazroa Miriam Alvarado H Ross Anderson Laurie M Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Charles Atkinson Larry M | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9859： | 5 |
| 9 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 3 |
| 10 | Hospitalized prevalence and 5-year mortality for IBD:Record linkage study显示文摘AIM:To establish the hospitalized prevalence of severe Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) in Wales from 1999 to 2007;and to investigate long-term mortality after hospitalization and associations with social deprivation and other socio-demographic factors.METHODS:Record linkage of administrative inpatient and mortality data for 1467 and 1482 people hospitalised as emergencies for ≥ 3d for CD and UC,respectively.The main outcome measures were hospitalized prevalence,mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios for up to 5 years follow-up after hospitalization.RESULTS:Hospitalized prevalence was 50.1 per 100 000 population for CD and 50.6 for UC.The hospitalized prevalence of CD was significantly higher(P < 0.05) in females(57.4) than in males(42.2),and was highest in people aged 16-29 years,but the prevalence of UC was similar in males(51.0) and females(50.1),and increased continuously with age.The hospital-ized prevalence of CD was slightly higher in the most deprived areas,but there was no association between social deprivation and hospitalized prevalence of UC.Mortality was 6.8% and 14.6% after 1 and 5 years follow-up for CD,and 9.2% and 20.8% after 1 and 5 years for UC.For both CD and UC,there was little discernible association between mortality and social deprivation,distance from hospital,urban/rural residence and geography.CONCLUSION:CD and UC have distinct demographic profiles.The higher prevalence of hospitalized CD in more deprived areas may reflect higher prevalence and higher hospital dependency. | Lori A Button Stephen E Roberts Michael J Goldacre Ashley Akbari Sarah E Rodgers John G Williams | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，4： | 3 |
| 11 | Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant portal vein thrombosis显示文摘AIM To examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal venous thrombosis.METHODS Data on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk(age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/m2, hypertension and diabetes), low-risk and non-NASH cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed.RESULTS Thirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for lowrisk NASH. Two thousand six hundred and twentysix(7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis; 66(14.2%) of the high-risk NASH group had portal vein thrombosis vs 328(11.8%) of the lowrisk NASH group. In general, all NASH recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be obese. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk ofpre-transplant portal vein thrombosis with OR = 2.11(95%CI: 1.60-2.76, P < 0.001) when referenced to the non-NASH group.CONCLUSION Liver transplant candidates with high-risk NASH are at the greatest risk for portal vein thrombosis development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. Prospective study is needed. | Jonathan G Stine Curtis K Argo Shawn J Pelletier Daniel G Maluf Stephen H Caldwell Patrick G Northup | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，3： | 2 |
| 12 | The Protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erosion 显示文摘 | Stephen A Wolfe William G Niekling | 1993 | Progress in Physical Geography1993，17，1： | 2 |
| 13 | A comparison of liquid hot water and steam pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse for bioconversion to ethanol显示文摘 | Mark Laser Deborah Schulman Stephen G Allen Joseph Lichwa Michael J Antal Lee R Lynd | 2001 | Bioresource Technology2001，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Anti-hypertensive drugs in children and adolescents显示文摘Worldwide the prevalence of essential hypertension inchildren and adolescents continues to increase. Tradi-tionally providers have used 'off-label' drugs to treatpediatric hypertension, meaning that rigorous clinicaltrials of these drugs have not been specifically per-formed in pediatric patient populations. Consequentlyproviders have extrapolated dosing, safety and efficacyfrom trials in adults. This practice is sub-optimal as chil-dren demonstrate unique differences in drug metabo-lism and response. Use of unstudied or understudieddrugs increases risk of adverse events and/or can leadto sub-optimal efficacy. Recognizing these concerns,regulatory agencies have created financial incentivesfor industry to conduct pediatric clinical trials. Theseincentives, coupled with the emerging pediatric hyper-tension epidemic, have spurred over 30 clinical trialsof anti-hypertensive drugs over the past 15 years andhave resulted in labeling of 10 new drugs by the UnitedStates Food and Drug Administration for treatment ofhypertension in children and adolescents. Unfortunatelythe financial incentive structures focus on newer drugsand drug classes. Consequently there is now a relativedearth of trial data for older but sometimes commonlyprescribed pediatric antihypertensive drugs. This article reviews recent pediatric antihypertensive drug trials with a focus on trial design and endpoints, drug dosing, safety, efficacy and specific drug indications. We also review the available data and experience for some of the more commonly prescribed, but less well studied 'older' pediatric antihypertensive drugs. | Patricia Y Chu Michael J Campbell Stephen G Miller Kevin D Hill | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，5： | 2 |
| 15 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9859： | 2 |
| 16 | Effect of rapamycin on hepatic osteodystrophy in rats with portasystemic shunting显示文摘瞄准:如果与推延的 portasystemic 有关的 T 房间激活通过 RANKL 依赖的小径引起调停骨破折的骨头损失,学习。如果用 rapamycin 的 T 房间抑制将在老鼠免于骨头损失,我们也调查了。方法:推延的 Portasystemic 在男 Sprague-Dawley 老鼠和 rapamycin 被执行 0.1 mg/kg 被管饲法为 15 wk 管理。老鼠收到了 powderized 食物并且补加喂在骨头作文上阻止营养不良的效果。重量获得和生长在推延的动物在外科以后被恢复。在结束,骨头周转和量的骨头组织学的生物化学的参数被估计。T 房间激活,煽动性的 cytokine 生产,和 RANKL 依赖的小径的标记被测量。另外, IGF-1 和性腺机能减退的角色被调查。结果:推延的 Portasystemic 引起了是 RANKL 独立人士的低周转骨质疏松症。包括 IL-1, IL-6 和 TNFalpha,骨头再吞 cytokine 层次没在浆液和 TNFalpha 被增加, RANKL 表示不起来在 PBMC 调整了。推延的 Portasystemic 增加了传播 CD8+T 房间人口。Rapamycin 减少了传播 CD8+T 房间人口,增加了 CD8+CD25+T 规章的房间人口并且改进了骨头周转的所有参数。结论:推延的 portasystemic 引起的骨质疏松症可以被 rapamycin 部分在肝的骨营养不良的老鼠模型改善。 | Schalk W van der Merwe Maria M Conradie Robert Bond Brenda J Olivier Elongo Fritz Martin Nieuwoudt Rhena Delport Tomas Slavik Gert Engelbrecht Del Kahn Enid G Shephard Maritha J Kotze Nico P de Villiers Stephen Hough | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 2 |
| 17 | Elevated Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, a Marker of Arterial Stiffness, Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Well-Functioning Older Adults显示文摘 | Kim Sutton-Tyrrell Samer S. Najjar Robert M. Boudreau Lakshmi Venkitachalam Varant Kupelian Eleanor M. Simonsick Richard Havlik Edward G Lakatta Harold Spurgeon Stephen Kritchevsky Marco Pahor Douglas Bauer Anne Newman | 2005 | Circulation2005，，25： | 2 |
| 18 | Perinatal and early life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To investigate associations between perinatal risk factors and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and young adults.METHODS:Record linked abstracts of birth registrations,maternity,day case and inpatient admissions in a defined population of southern England.Investigation of 20 perinatal factors relating to the maternity or the birth:maternal age,Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the mother,maternal social class,marital status,smoking in pregnancy,ABO blood group and rhesus status,pre-eclampsia,parity,the infant's presentation at birth,caesarean delivery,forceps delivery,sex,number of babies delivered,gestational age,birthweight,head circumference,breastfeeding and Apgar scores at one and five minutes.RESULTS:Maternity records were present for 180 children who subsequently developed IBD.Univariate analysis showed increased risks of CD among children of mothers with CD (P=0.011,based on two cases of CD in both mother and child) and children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy.Multivariate analysis confirmed increased risks of CD among children of mothers who smoked (odds ratio=2.04,95% CI=1.06-3.92) and for older mothers aged 35+ years (4.81,2.32-9.98).Multivariate analysis showed that there were no significant associations between CD and 17 other perinatal risk factors investigated.It also showed that,for UC,there were no significant associations with the perinatal factors studied.CONCLUSION:This study shows an association between CD in mother and child;and elevated risks of CD in children of older mothers and of mothers who smoked. | Stephen E Roberts Clare J Wotton John G Williams Myfanwy Griffith Michael J Goldacre | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Preoperative CA 19-9 and the Yield of Staging Laparoscopy in Patients with Radiographically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shishir K. Maithel MD Stephen Maloney MD Corrine Winston MD Mithat G?nen PhD Michael I. D'Angelica MD Ronald P. DeMatteo MD William R. Jarnagin MD Murray F. Brennan MD Peter J. Allen MD | 2008 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2008，，12： | 2 |
| 20 | Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Rafael Lozano Mohsen Naghavi Kyle Foreman Stephen Lim Kenji Shibuya Victor Aboyans Jerry Abraham Timothy Adair Rakesh Aggarwal Stephanie Y Ahn Mohammad A AlMazroa Miriam Alvarado H Ross Anderson Laurie M Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Charles Atkinson Larry M | 2012 | 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 2 |
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