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| 1 | A long-form α-neurotoxin from cobra venom produces potent opioid-independent analgesia显示文摘Aim:In light of the antinociceptive activity of the short-chain neurotoxin,cobrotoxin,and other acetylcholine antagonists,the antinociceptive activity andmechanisms of cobratoxin(CTX),a long-chain postsynaptic α-neurotoxin,wasinvestigated in rodent pain models.Methods:CTX was administered intraperito-neally(30,45,68 μg/kg),intra-cerebral ventricularly(4.5 μg/kg)or microinjectedinto periaqueductal gray(PAG;4.5 μg/kg).The antinociceptive action was testedusing the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests m mice and rats.The involve-ment of the cholinergic system and opioid system in CTX-induced analgesia wasexamined by pretreatment of animals with atropine(0.5 mg/kg,im;or 10 mg/kg,ip)or naloxone(1 and 5 mg/kg,ip).The effect of CTX on motor activity was testedusing the Animex test.Results:CTX exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic ac-tion in mice as determined by both the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests.The peak effect of analgesia was seen 3 h after administration.In the mouse aceticacid writhing test,the intra-cerebral ventricular administration of CTX at 4.5 μg/kg(1/12th of a systemic dose)produced marked analgesic effects.Microinjection ofCTX(4.5 μgkg)into the PAG region did not elicit an analgesic action in rats in thehot-plate test.Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg(im)and naloxone at 1 and 5 mg/kg(ip)bothfailed to block the analgesic effects of CTX,but atropine at 10 mg/kg(ip)didantagonize the analgesia mediated by CTX in the mouse acetic acid writhing test.Acetylsalicylic acid(300 mg/kg)did not enhance the analgesic effects of CTX.Atthe highest effective dose of 68 μg/kg the neurotoxin did not change the sponta-neous mobility of mice.Conclusion:CTX has analgesic effects,which are medi-ated in the central nervous system though not through the PAG.The centralcholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in theantinociceptive action of CTX. | Zhi-xin CHEN Hui-ling ZHANG Zhen-lun GU Bo-wen CHEN Rong HAN Paul F REID Laurence N RAYMOND Zheng-hong QIN | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin显示文摘 | Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Rong ZOU Jun-chao WU Rong HAN Laurence N RAYMOND Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Impact of Preoperative Ureteral Stenting on Outcome of Ureteroscopic Treatment for Urinary Lithiasis显示文摘 | John M. Shields Vincent G. Bird Reid Graves Orlando Gómez-Marín | 2009 | The Journal of Urology2009，，6： | 3 |
| 4 | Up Close: Family Therapy Challenges and Innovations Around the World显示文摘 | Janine Roberts Khawla Abu‐Baker Cristina Diez Fernández Nelly Chong Garcia Glenda Fredman Hugo Kamya Yolanda Martín Higarza Jacqueline Fortes de Leff Philip Messent Shin‐Ichi Nakamura Fatma Torun Reid Timothy Sim Chitra Subrahmanian Roxana Zevallos Vega | 2014 | Fam. Proc2014，，： | 2 |
| 5 | Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections显示文摘 | Reid G Bruce AW Fraser N | 2001 | FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol2001，30，： | 1 |
| 6 | An opti mized grapevine RNA isolation procedure and statisti- cal determination of reference genes for real-time RT- PCR during berry development 显示文摘 | Reid K E Olsson N Sehlosser J | 2006 | BMC plant biology2006，6，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Circulating microRNAs: association with disease and potential use as biomarkers显示文摘 | Reid G Kirschner MB van Zandwijk N | 2011 | Crit Rev Oneol Hematology2011，80，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Red blood cell blood group antigens:structure and function显示文摘 | Reid ME Mohandas N | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 9 | Characterization of Drug Transport by the Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (ABCC3) 显示文摘 | Zeleer N Saeki T Reid G | 2001 | J Biol Chern2001，276，49： | 1 |
| 10 | Lateral and longitudinal dynamic behavior and control of moving webs显示文摘 | YOUNG G E REID K N | 1993 | Journal of Dynamic Systems Mea- surementand Control1993，115，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Development of a rapid chromato graphic strip test for the pen-side detection of foot-and mouth disease virus antigen显示文摘 | Reid S M Ferris N P Bruning A | 1996 | J Virol Methods1996，2，： | 1 |
| 12 | Agricultural automatic guidance research in north america 显示文摘 | REID J F ZHANG Q NOGUCHI N | 2000 | Computers and Electronics in Agriculture2000，25，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Bacillus thuringiensis-toxin resistance management: Stable isotope assessment o{ alternate host use by Helicoverpa zea 显示文摘 | Gould F Blair N Reid M | 2002 | Proceeding of the National A- cademy of Sciences of the United states of America2002，99，16： | 1 |
| 14 | The Rh blood group system: a review 显示文摘 | Avent N D Reid M E | 2000 | Blood2000，95，： | 1 |
| 15 | MonoSLAM: Real-time single camera SLAM显示文摘 | Davison A Reid I D Molton N | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence2007，29，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Pen-side test for investigating FMD显示文摘 | Ferris N Reid S Hutching | 2001 | Vet Rec2001，148，26： | 1 |
| 17 | The mortality of women exposed environmentallyand domestically to blue asbestos at Wittenoom, Western Australia显示文摘 | REID A HEYWORTH J DE KLERK N | 2008 | Occup Environ Med2008，65，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Development of tailored real - time RT - PCR assays for the detection and differenti-ation of serotype O, A and Asia - 1 foot - and - mouth disease virus lineages circulating in the Middle East 显示文摘 | REID S M MIOULET V KNOWLES N J | 2014 | J Virol Methods2014，207，： | 1 |
| 19 | Microbes Central to Human Reproduction显示文摘 | Gregor Reid Patrizia Brigidi Jeremy P. Burton Nikhat Contractor Sylvia Duncan Emilie Fargier Colin Hill Sarah Lebeer Rocio Martín Andrew J. McBain Gil Mor Catherine O’Neill Juan Miguel Rodríguez Jonathan Swann Saskia Hemert Juliett Ansell | 2015 | Am J Reprod Immunol2015，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Sucrose consumption as an hedonic measure following chronic unpredict- able mild stress显示文摘 | Matthews K Forbes N Reid I C | 1995 | Physiology & Behavior1995，57，： | 1 |
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