|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma:1990-2009显示文摘Several advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma(CC)have occurred in the last decades.A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended.CC is a relatively rare tumor and the main risk factors are:chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities of the biliary tree.While the incidence of intra-hepatic CC is increasing,the incidence of extra-hepatic CC is trending down.The only curative treatment for CC is surgical resection with negative margins.Liver transplantation has been proposed only for selected patients with hilar CC that cannot be resected who have no metastatic disease after a period of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy.Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,positron emission tomography scan,endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography scans are the most frequently used modalities for diagnosis and tumor staging.Adjuvant therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been relatively ineffective for inoperable CC.For most of these patients biliary stenting provides effective palliation.Photodynamic therapy is an emerging palliative treatment that seems to provide pain relief,improve biliary patency and increase survival. The clinical utility of other emerging therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization,hepatic arterial chemoinfusion and high intensity intraductal ultrasound needs further study. | Murad Aljiffry Mark J Walsh Michele Molinari | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，34： | 82 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅵ.证据质量评价--不精确性(随机误差)显示文摘GRADE建议通过检查95%可信区间(CI)为决定不精确性的最佳方法。在指南实际运用中,如果CI的上、下限值代表了真实效应,而临床实际情况与之不符时,必须降低证据质量级别(即对效应估计值的把握度)。除外当效应值很大且可信区间提示效应稳健,而总样本量不大且事件数很少的情况,其他应考虑因不精确性而降低证据质量级别。作此决定时,可计算有足够检验效能的单个试验所需的病例数(定义为'最优信息样本量',即optimal information size,OIS)。对连续型变量,我们建议用类似方法,首先考虑可信区间上、下限值,再计算OIS。系统评价(SR)所需方法略有不同。如果95%CI不包括相对危险度(RR)为1,且总事件发生数或病例数超过OIS标准,则精确性良好。如果95%CI包括了明显获益或危害(我们建议以RR值<0.75或>1.25作粗标准),即使达到OIS要求,因不精确性而降低证据质量级别较恰当。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello David Rind PJ Devereaux Victor M.Montori Bo Freyschuss Gunn Vist Roman Jaeschke John W.Williams Jr. Mohammad Hassan Murad David Sinclairk Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Craig Whittington Kristian orlund Je Andrews Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 王莉 陈尹 高霑 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 43 |
| 3 | Accuracy of urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori infection: Meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To quantitatively summarize and appraise the available evidence of urea breath test(UBT) use to diagnose Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection in patients with dyspepsia and provide pooled diagnostic accuracy measures.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and other databases for studies addressing the value of UBT in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. We included cross-sectional studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of UBT in adult patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS(Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies)-2 tool. Diagnostic accuracy measures were pooled using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted by UBT type(13C vs 14C) and by measurement technique(Infrared spectrometry vs Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry).RESULTS: Out of 1380 studies identified, only 23 met the eligibility criteria. Fourteen studies(61%) evaluated 13 C UBT and 9 studies(39%) evaluated 14 C UBT. There was significant variation in the type of reference standard tests used across studies.Pooled sensitivity was 0.96(95%CI: 0.95-0.97) andpooled specificity was 0.93(95%CI: 0.91-0.94). Likelihood ratio for a positive test was 12 and for a negative test was 0.05 with an area under thecurve of 0.985. Meta-analyses were associated with a significant statistical heterogeneity that remained unexplained after subgroup analysis. The included studies had a moderate risk of bias.CONCLUSION: UBT has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia. The reliability of diagnostic meta-analytic estimates however is limited by significant heterogeneity. | Mazen Ferwana Imad Abdulmajeed Ali Alhajiahmed Wedad Madani Belal Firwana Rim Hasan Osama Altayar Paul J Limburg Mohammad Hassan Murad Bandar Knawy | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 45 |
| 4 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEI级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度〈50%和无症状患者狭窄程度〈60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状巾到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的尢症状患者(狭窄稗度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(I级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W. Hobson, Ⅱ William C. Mackey Enrico Ascher M. Hassan Murad Keith D. Calligaro Anthony J. Comerota Victor M. Montori Mark K. Eskandari Douglas W. Massop Ruth L. Bush Brajesh K. Lal Bruce A. Perler 刘德志(译) 徐格林(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，12： | 35 |
| 5 | Rickettsia influences thermotolerance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype显示文摘whitefly, Bemisia tabaci 怀有 Portiera aleyrodidarum,一个应尽的共生细菌,以及几个第二等的共生者包括立克次休属微生物, Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Cardinium 和 Fritschea,的功能是未知的。在以色列,立克次休属微生物在 B 的 B 和 Q 被发现。tabaci 遗传因子型,并且当所有另外的第二等的共生者位于 bacteriomes 时,立克次休属微生物能占据大多数昆虫的身体洞。我们测试了立克次休属微生物是否影响 B 的生物学。tabaci 并且发现暴露一张包含立克次休属微生物的人口到显著地增加温度增加它的忍耐加热到达了 40 慬慴? 的吃惊 ? € 汇 ' 贉?????? 牥?? | Marina Brumin Svetlana Kontsedalov Murad Ghanim | 2011 | Insect Science2011，18，1： | 35 |
| 6 | 内皮型一氧化氮合酶脱偶联的研究进展显示文摘血管内皮功能障碍(endothelial dysfunction)是多种心脑血管疾病的共同病理机制,其突出表现为内皮依赖性血管舒张功能障碍,主要由NO减少及氧自由基增加所致。最新研究发现,内皮型一氧化氮合酶脱偶联(eNOS uncoup ling)是导致NO水平下降和氧自由基水平升高的重要机制,是高血压、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化等疾病中内皮功能障碍的重要原因。通过纠正eNOS脱偶联可有效改善内皮功能,有望为保护血管内皮功能提供有效途径。 | 郑建普 卞卡 可燕 Murad Ferid | 2006 | 中国药理学通报2006，22，6： | 29 |
| 7 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 8 | Rutaecarpine ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats via regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathways显示文摘瞄准:我们显示出从 Benth (吴·竹·尤) 支持的中国植物茱萸 rutaecarpa (法) 的弄干的水果提取的那 rutaecarpine 在胰岛素抵抗的主要骨胳的肌肉房间的葡萄糖消费和反煽动性的 cytokine 表示。在我们调查了 rutaecarpine 是否改善了的这研究,在老鼠的肥胖侧面,类脂化合物反常,葡萄糖新陈代谢和胰岛素抵抗 hyperlipidemia 和 hyperglycemia.Methods 当模特儿:在高脂肪的节食喂 8 个星期的老鼠,由 streptozotocin 的注射列在后面(30 mg/kg, ip ) 导致 hyperlipidemia 和多糖症。在 streptozotocin 注射以后的一个星期,喂脂肪的、对待 streptozotocin 的老鼠口头上地与 rutaecarpine 被对待(25 mg· kg −1·d−1) 或积极控制药 metformin (250 mg·为 7 个星期的 kg −1·d−1) 。身体重量,内脏的脂肪,血类脂化合物侧面和葡萄糖铺平,胰岛素敏感被测量。煽动性的 cytokines 的浆液层次被分析。IRS-1 和 Akt/PKB phosphorylation, PI3K 和 NF-κ在肝纸巾的 B 蛋白质层次被估计;肝和胰的病理学的变化被检验。葡萄糖举起和 AMPK/ACC2 phosphorylation 在有教养的老鼠被学习在 vitro.Results 的骨胳的肌肉房间:rutaecarpine 或 metformin 的管理显著地减少了肥胖,内脏的胖累积,水消费,和浆液 TC, TG 和 LDL 胆固醇在喂脂肪的、对待 streptozotocin 的老鼠铺平。二药也稀释了多糖症并且提高了胰岛素敏感。而且,二药显著地减少了 NF-κ在肝纸巾的 B 蛋白质层次和血浆 TNF-α, IL-6, CRP 和 MCP-1 铺平,并且改善在肝和胰的病理学的变化。另外,二药增加了 PI3K p85 子单元层次和 Akt/PKB phosphorylation,但是减少在肝纸巾的 IRS-1 phosphorylation。有 rutaecarpine 的有教养的骨胳的肌肉房间的治疗(20-180 μ mol/L ) 或 metformin (20 μ mol/L ) 支持了 AMPK 和 ACC2 的 phosphorylation,并且增加了葡萄糖 uptake.Conclusion:Rutaecarpine 改善在经由调整在骨胳的肌肉在肝和 AMPK/ACC2 发信号小径表明小径的 IRS-1/PI3K/Akt 的喂脂肪的、对待 streptozotocin 的老鼠的 hyperlipidemia 和多糖症。 | Xu-qiang NIE Huai-hong CHEN Jian-yong ZHANG Yu-jing ZHANG Jian-wen YANG Hui-jun PAN Wen-xia SONG Ferid MURAD Yu-qi HE Ka BIAN | 2016 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2016，37，4： | 23 |
| 9 | 诱导型一氧化氮合酶与疾病显示文摘炎症是众多疾病如自体免疫紊乱、神经退行性病变、心血管疾病和癌症发展的病理机制,诱导型一氧化氮合酶在炎症过程中被诱导表达,产生过量的一氧化氮,引发炎症级联反应,进而导致以上多种疾病发生。抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达在体内体外实验及临床使用中均体现抗炎效果和症状改善。本文综述了诱导型一氧化氮合酶在炎症过程中诱导表达及与各类重大疾病联系的最新进展,并展望了诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂作为抗炎治疗策略的前景。 | 章丹丹 刘俊 Ferid Murad 卞卡 | 2007 | 现代生物医学进展2007，7，10： | 16 |
| 10 | Portal hypertension: Imaging of portosystemic collateral pathways and associated image-guided therapy显示文摘Portal hypertension is a common clinical syndrome, defined by a pathologic increase in the portal venous pressure. Increased resistance to portal blood flow, the primary factor in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension, is in part due to morphological changes occurring in chronic liver diseases. This results in rerouting of blood flow away from the liver through collateral pathways to low-pressure systemic veins. Through a variety of computed tomographic, sonographic, magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic examples, this article discusses the appearances and prevalence of both common and less common portosystemic collateral channels in the thorax and abdomen. A brief overview of established interventional radiologic techniques for treatment of portal hypertension will also be provided. Awareness of the various imaging manifestations of portal hypertension can be helpful for assessing overall prognosis and planning proper management. | Murad Feroz Bandali Anirudh Mirakhur Edward Wolfgang Lee Mollie Clarke Ferris David James Sadler Robin Ritchie Gray Jason Kam Wong | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，10： | 14 |
| 11 | Capecitabine and irinotecan with and without bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus irinotecan±bevacizumab in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer patients. METHODS:Forty six patients with previously untreated,locally-advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) were recruited between 2001-2006 in a prospective open-label phaseⅡtrial,in German community-based outpatient clinics.Patients received a standard capecitabine plus irinotecan(CAPIRI) or CAPIRI plus bevacizumab(CAPIRI-BEV) regimen every 3 wk. Dose reductions were mandatory from the first cycle in cases of>grade 2 toxicity.The treatment choice of bevacizumab was at the discretion of the physician.Theprimary endpoints were response and toxicity and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS:In the CAPIRI group vs the CAPRI-Bev group there were more female than male patients(47% vs 24%) ,and more patients had colon as the primary tumor site(58.8%vs 48.2%) with fewer patients having sigmoid colon as primary tumor site(5.9%vs 20.7%) .Grade 3/4 toxicity was higher with CAPIRI than CAPIRI-Bev:82%vs 58.6%.Partial response rates were 29.4%and 34.5%,and tumor control rates were 70.6%and 75.9%,respectively.No complete responses were observed.The median progression-free survival was 11.4 mo and 12.8 mo for CAPIRI and CAPIRI-Bev,respectively.The median overall survival for CAPIRI was 15 mo(458 d) and for CAPIRI-Bev 24 mo(733 d) .These differences were not statistically different.In the CAPIRI-Bev,group,two patients underwent a full secondary tumor resection after treatment,whereas in the CAPIRI group no cases underwent this procedure. CONCLUSION:Both regimens were well tolerated and offered effective tumor growth control in this outpatient setting.Severe gastrointestinal toxicities and thromboembolic events were rare and if observed were never fatal. | Markus Moehler Martin F Sprinzl Murad Abdelfattah Carl C Schimanski Bernd Adami Werner Godderz Klaus Majer Dimitri Flieger Andreas Teufel Juergen Siebler Thomas Hoehler Peter R Galle Stephan Kanzler | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，4： | 10 |
| 12 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理 美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最佳的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEⅠ级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度<50%和无症状患者狭窄程度<60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(Ⅰ级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W.Hobson Ⅱ William C.Mackey Enrico Ascher M.Hassan Murad Keith D.Calligaro Anthony J.Comerota Victor M.Montori Mark K.Eskandari Douglas W.Massop Ruth L.Bush Brajesh K.Lal Bruce A.Perler 刘德志 徐格林 刘新峰 | 2008 | 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版)2008，2，6： | 6 |
| 13 | A ASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | Norah A. Terrault Natalie H. Bzowej Kyong‐Mi Chang Jessica P. Hwang Maureen M. Jonas M. Hassan Murad | 2016 | Hepatology2016，，： | 6 |
| 14 | Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline显示文摘 | Michael F. Holick Neil C. Binkley Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari Catherine M. Gordon David A. Hanley Robert P. Heaney M. Hassan Murad Connie M. Weaver | 2011 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2011，，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Curcumin induces differentiation of embryonic stem cells through possible modulation of nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway显示文摘Curcumin,an active ingredient of dietary spice used in curry,has been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.Using EB directed differentiation protocol of H-9 human em-bryonic stem(ES)cells;we evaluated the effect of cur-cumin(0-20μmol/L)in enhancing such differentiation.Our results using real time PCR,western blotting and immunostaining demonstrated that curcumin signifi-cantly increased the gene expression and protein levels of cardiac specific transcription factor NKx2.5,cardiac troponin I,myosin heavy chain,and endothelial nitric oxide synthase during ES cell differentiation.Further-more,an NO donor enhanced the curcumin-mediated induction of NKx2.5 and other cardiac specific proteins.Incubation of cells with curcumin led to a dose depend-ent increase in intracellular nitrite to the same extent as giving an authentic NO donor.Functional assay for second messenger(s)cyclic AMP(cAMP)and cyclic GMP(cGMP)revealed that continuous presence of cur-cumin in differentiated cells induced a decrease in the baseline levels of cAMP but it significantly elevated baseline contents of cGMP.Curcumin addition to a cell free assay significantly suppressed cAMP and cGMP degradation in the extracts while long term treatment of intact cells with curcumin increased the rates of cAMP and cGMP degradation suggesting that this might be due to direct suppression of some cyclic nucleo-tide-degrading enzyme(phosphodiesterase)by curcu-min.These studies demonstrate that polyphenol curcu-min may be involved in differentiation of ES cells partly due to manipulation of nitric oxide signaling. | Kalpana Mujoo Lubov ENikonoff Vladislav G Sharin Nathan SBryan Alexander YKots Ferid Murad | 2012 | Protein & Cell2012，3，7： | 5 |
| 16 | 诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂研发现状显示文摘一氧化氮(NO)对炎症性疾病的治疗作用近来引起了广泛的重视。诱导型一氧化合成酶(iNOS)被发现广泛地参与趋炎因子表达和反应性氧化产物(ROS)/反应性氮化产物(RNS)的产生,从而进一步证明了一氧化氮在炎症病理发生发展中的关键作用。由于传统的抗炎药物环氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂被报导有较多副作用,新型抑制炎症药物的研究开发势在必行。本文分别介绍了化学来源、生物来源、植物来原性iNOS抑制剂阻的开发、研究现状,阐述了其在断炎症信息传递通道中的作用。表明了iNOS抑制剂防止炎症损害的相关机理,提出iNOs不仅能在初始阶段影响炎症的发生,也对抑制和终结炎症有作用。最后进一步介绍了用中草药研发iNOs抑制剂的可能性,展望了于中药在该领域内的巨大前景。 | 洁西卡 桃李 章李军 李亚娟 Fetid Murad 卞卡 | 2007 | 现代生物医学进展2007，7，11： | 4 |
| 17 | Statins Are Associated With a Reduced Risk of Hepatocellular Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis显示文摘 | Siddharth Singh Preet Paul Singh Abha Goyal Singh Mohammad Hassan Murad William Sanchez | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，： | 3 |
| 18 | Sequencing and comparison of the Rickettsia genomes from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East Asia Minor I显示文摘whitefly, Bemisia tabaci,怀有主要共生者 ‘Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum’并且许多第二等的共生者。在这些第二等的共生者之中,立克次休属微生物是能在内并且在 bacteriomes 外面被检测的唯一一个。有立克次休属微生物的感染被报导了影响几个方面 whitefly 生物学例如健康,性比率,病毒传播和抵抗到杀虫剂。然而,位于这些差别下面的机制仍然保持不清楚,主要由于立克次休属微生物的 genomic 信息的缺乏。在这研究,我们定序从中东亚洲未成年者 1 孤立的二立克次休属微生物紧张(MEAM1 ) 的染色体 B 的种类。在中国和以色列复杂的 tabaci。两个立克次休属微生物染色体具有高编码密度,包含超过 1000 编码在富有的序列并且,比共存的主要共生者的大得多, Portiera。而且,从中国和以色列孤立的二立克次休属微生物紧张与 100% 身份分享了大多数基因,仅仅九基因显示出顺序差别。用 orthologs 的种系发生的分析在类分享了,在 MEAM1 和立克次休属微生物 bellii 推断了立克次休属微生物的最近。功能的分析表明那立克次休属微生物是不能的综合为补充要求的氨基酸 whitefly 营养。而且,一个类型 IV 分泌物系统和很多毒力相关的基因在立克次休属微生物染色体被检测。毒力相关的基因的存在可能有益于细菌的共生生活,并且在 whiteflies 上在立克次休属微生物的潜在的效果上提示。立克次休属微生物的染色体序列为进一步在 whiteflies 理解立克次休属微生物的功能提供了一个基础。 | Dan-Tong Zhu Wen-Qiang Xia Qiong Rao Shu-Sheng Liu Murad Ghanim Xiao-Wei Wang | 2016 | Insect Science2016，23，4： | 3 |
| 19 | 临床实践指南应当包含治疗负担显示文摘医疗方案的实施需要花费大量时间和精力,给慢性病患者带来巨大负担。然而,临床实践指南高度重视的是得到某些临床结果(如呼吸急促减少或存活率增加),传统指南的建议也是从同样角度提出的。最近的指南会考虑患者的价值观以及指南建议行为的可接受性和可行性,但对治疗负担没有明确规定。这使患者很难根据自己的价值观和能力对治疗做出明智的决定。 | Claudia C Dobler Nathan Harb Catherine A Maguire Carol L Armour Courtney Coleman M Hassan Murad 邓璇(译) 莫云凌(校) | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，3： | 3 |
| 20 | Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing the patency of covered and uncovered self-expandable metal stents for palliation of distal malignant bile duct obstruction显示文摘 | Atif Saleem Cadman L. Leggett M. Hassan Murad Todd H. Baron | 2011 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，，： | 3 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员