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| 1 | 急性肾损伤诊断与分类专家共识显示文摘近几十来.临床和基础的研究工作者们针对急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)进行了广泛的研究,尽管我们在该疾病的生理和发病机制方面都取得了长足的进步,但如何将这些知识用于临床,改进ARF患者预后方面的工作却做得十分有限。ARF是由多种病因导致、可发生在各种临床情况之下(儿童或成人、门诊或住院、ICU或非ICU患者)的一种复杂的肾功能紊乱,其临床表现既可以是血肌酐水平的轻微升高,也可以是无尿性肾功能衰竭。 | RL Mehta JA Kellum S Shah B Molitoris C Ronco D Warnock A Levin 王欣 | 2006 | 中华肾脏病杂志2006，22，11： | 348 |
| 2 | 肺炎链球菌耐药性和血清型分布及隐匿性耐药克隆株的研究显示文摘目的 了解儿童肺炎链球菌携带者耐药菌株的流行情况 ,比较携带者菌株血清型与肺炎链球菌结合疫苗血清型的符合率 ,寻找单个患儿同时携带敏感和耐药菌株的可能性。方法 (1)对1997年 11月~ 12月在北京儿童医院普通门诊登记的 3个月~ 5岁儿童进行问卷调查 ;(2 )采集鼻咽拭子和尿标本 ,培养、分离和鉴定肺炎链球菌 ,并测定尿标本中的抗生素活性 ;(3)根据NCCLS方法使用微量稀释法测定肺炎链球菌对青霉素、头孢呋新、头孢噻肟、复方新诺明、红霉素和氯霉素的敏感性 ;(4 )从最初发现的青霉素、红霉素敏感株中寻找“隐匿性耐药克隆株”。结果 (1) 5 0 2例受试儿童中 ,分离出 190株肺炎链球菌 ,携带率为 37.8% (190 / 5 0 2 ) ,对青霉素的敏感率为 91.1% ;(2 )只有33 .9%的菌株血清型与建议使用的肺炎链球菌结合疫苗血清型相符 ;(3) 4 2例含青霉素和红霉素敏感菌株鼻咽拭子中发现 6株 (14% )“隐匿性耐药克隆株”。结论 在携带者中 ,肺炎链球菌对 β 内酰胺类耐药还不常见 ,但对红霉素和复方新诺明耐药却非常严重 ;建议使用的结合疫苗血清型不能覆盖大部分携带菌株 ;耐药菌株的小部分隐匿在敏感菌株中 。 | 俞桑洁 王槿芳 李洁 李艳 王雪莲 Whitney CG Levine OS Dowell SF 杨永弘 | 2000 | 中华儿科杂志2000，38，7： | 40 |
| 3 | Nrf2是调控解毒、抗氧化、抗炎等细胞保护机制的重要转录因子--它的活性可被保健食物及其他因素增强(英文)显示文摘转录因子Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2)可激活人类基因组中500多种基因的转录,这些基因大多数具有细胞保护功能。Nrf2通过解毒机制产生细胞保护作用,这些机制增强了有害异物和有毒金属的解毒和排泄。Nrf2经20多种基因的作用来增加高度协调的抗氧化活性;Nrf2也具有重要的抗炎作用;Nrf2促进线粒体的生物合成抑或提高线粒体功能;Nrf2增强细胞自噬以清除毒性蛋白的聚集体和功能异常的细胞器。有益健康的营养素和其他因素,包括酚类抗氧化剂、γ-和δ-生育酚和三烯生育酚、长链Ω-3脂肪酸DHA和EPA、类胡萝卜素(其中番茄红素可能活性最强)、十字花科蔬菜中的异硫氰酸酯、葱蒜类蔬菜中的硫化物、及萜类化合物,至少部分是通过增加Nrf2活性起作用的。其他一些有益健康并增加Nrf2活性的因素包括低水平的氧化应激[毒物兴奋效应(hormesis)]、锻炼和热量限制。现已发现,增加Nrf2活性可预防和/或治疗模型动物和/或人类许多慢性炎症性疾病,包括各种心血管疾病、肾脏疾病、肺脏疾病、中毒性肝损伤疾病、癌症(预防)、糖尿病/代谢综合征/肥胖、败血症、自身免疫性疾病、炎性肠病、HIV/AIDS及癫痫。较少证据提示增加Nrf2活性可降低其他16种疾病的风险,这些疾病中的大多数可能是NO/ONOO-环有关的疾病,而Nrf2可削弱NO/ONOO-环元素的多种作用。已知最健康的饮食(地中海和冲绳地区的传统饮食)富含促进Nrf2活性的营养素,这就像我们的祖先在旧石器时代的饮食一样。Nrf2是否同时具有延长寿命和促进健康的作用是有争议的。Nrf2活性过度的可能负面作用也被讨论。Nrf2不是一个灵丹妙药,但可能对于促进健康非常重要,特别是对于那些日常暴露于有毒化学药品的人。 | Martin L Pall Stephen Levine | 2015 | 生理学报2015，67，1： | 35 |
| 4 | 脑缺氧是影响严重颅脑创伤患者短期预后的独立危险因素(英文)显示文摘Background:Brain hypoxia(BH)can aggravate outcome after severe traumatic brain injury(TBI).Whether BH or reduced brain oxygen(Pbto2)is an independent outcome predictor or a marker of disease severity is not fully elucidated.Objective To analyze the relationship between Pbto2,intracranial pressure(ICP),and cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)and to examine whether BH correlates with worse outcome independently of ICP and CPP.Methods We studied103patients | Oddo M Levine JM Mackenzie L Frangos S Feihl F Kasner SE Katsnelson M Pukenas B Macmurtrie E Maloney-Wilensky E Kofke WA Leroux PD | 2011 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2011，10，5： | 21 |
| 5 | 文献快报(10):青少年期体质量指数与成年期心血管疾病死亡风险显示文摘来自以色列希巴(Sheba)研究中心医学系的研究者对1967—2010年期间230万以色列16~19岁青少年[平均年龄(17.3±0.4)岁]体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)数据进行了分析,BMI的分组依据来自美国国家疾病预防与控制中心BMI年龄、性别百分位值。主要结局变量为2011年归因于冠心病、卒中、未明原因猝死或三者之和,采用Cox比例风险模型评价。 | TWIG G YANIV G LEVINE H 孙莹 | 2016 | 中国学校卫生2016，37，10： | 20 |
| 6 | 肾脏病学的新创意:“肾脏疾病:改善全球预后”(KDIGO)显示文摘慢性肾脏病(CKD)是世界范围的医疗和公共卫生问题,并开始呈现流行性的特点.美国肾脏数据系统(USRDS)的数据提示,终末期肾衰的发病率呈上升趋势,因此对于这一问题的重视日益增加.根据近期USRDS登记系统提供的资料,世界范围内需要肾脏替代治疗(RRT)的终末期肾病(ESRD)患者数目持续上升,其中我国台湾、美国和日本最多(254~365人/100万人)[1].卡塔尔和巴斯克地区的儿童患病率最高,分别为33.7人/100万人和22.7人/100万人;在大于等于20岁患者中患病率最高的是卡塔尔、美国和台湾.在欧洲,德国的患病率最高,2000年为175人/100万人.在RRT仍在发展中的东欧,报道的患病率低于西欧[2]. | Norbert Lameire Garabed Eknoyan Rashad Barsoum Kai-Uwe Eckardt Adeera Levin Nathan Levin Francesco Locatelli Alison Macleod Raymond Vanholder Rowan Walker Haiyan Wang 张路霞 王海燕 | 2005 | 中华肾脏病杂志2005，21，12： | 19 |
| 7 | 美国人类受试者使用的历史显示文摘所有关于研究伦理的国际法典及实际中的关于人体受试者研究领域的各国立法及规则都表明了保护主义的姿态。他们的主旨是保护个人不受伤害和剥削。这种保护主义姿态有其重要的历史原因 ,起草这些文件具有这样的目的 :保证像被纳粹医生—研究者犯下的罪行。试验药物Thalidomide引发的灾难及Tuskegee梅毒研究对伦理道德的亵渎永远不会重演。近些年来社会对临床研究的理解已发生了戏剧性转变。如经AIDS积极分子努力的结果 ,人们已以宽容和有益的心态广泛接受临床试验。虽然这种姿态的转变已产生了在指导进行临床研究方面的政策及实践某些重要的改善 ,但人们必须认识到 ,这种新的接受正像先前的过度保护主义一样的错误 ,其应该维护一个平衡的比例。我们的政策应反映出鼓励符合伦理学的研究的要求 ,同时要保持必要的防范以保护受试者的权益。 | Robert John Levine 张健 | 2001 | 医学与哲学2001，22，12： | 14 |
| 8 | From the Gla domain to a novel small-molecule detector of apoptosis显示文摘Apoptosis 在众多的医药混乱的病原学或致病起一个枢轴的作用,并且这样, apoptotic 房间指向可以实质地推进耐心的照顾。在我们为为 apoptosis 的新奇 low-molecular-weight 探针的探索,我们集中了于不平常的氨基酸纬 - carboxyglutamic 酸(Gla ) ,它在 clotting 因素的绑定起一个重要作用到否定地控告的 phospholipid 表面。基于 Gla 的 alkyl-malonic 酸主题,我们开发了并且现在介绍 ML-10 (2-(5-fluoro-pentyl )-2-methyl-malonic 酸, MW=206 Da ) , apoptosis 的小分子的察觉者的一个新奇家庭的原型的成员。ML-10 被发现在 apoptotic 房间执行选择举起和累积,当从可行或坏死的房间被排除时。有 caspase 激活, Annexin-V 绑定和 mitochondrial 膜潜力的混乱的 apoptotic 特点的 ML-10 举起相互关联。malonate 一半被发现为在 apoptosis 察觉的 ML-10 功能关键。ML-10 在早 apoptosis 对房间的特征的唯一的建筑群作出回应,包括膜潜力,房间膜和细胞质的永久使发酸,和膜正直的保藏的不可逆的损失。ML-10 因此是迄今为止知道的最紧缩的 apoptosis 探查。由于它的氟的符号原子, ML-10 对顺从与 18F 同位素标记收音机,向它为 apoptosis 的临床的正电子排放断层摄影术成像的潜在的未来使用。 | Avi Cohen Anat Shirvan Galit Levin Hagit Grimberg Ayelet Reshef Ilan Ziv | 2009 | Cell Research2009，19，5： | 12 |
| 9 | Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease-stepping into uncharted territory显示文摘Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory processes of the intestinal tract. The etiology of these diseases is currently unknown. However, inflammation is hypothesized to result from inappropriate activation of mucosal immunity by luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that act as microbial pattern recognition receptors. They are crucial initiators of innate immune responses. The role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we aim to analyze the available data connecting individual TLRs to intestinal inflammation and IBD. | Avi Levin Oren Shibolet | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，33： | 12 |
| 10 | 卒中一级预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南美国神经病学学会肯定本指南作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘背景和目的本指南对各种已确定和新出现的卒中危险因素的证据进行概述,以提供降低首次卒中风险的循证推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位成员先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(American HeartAssociation,AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾的方法(涵盖时间为2006年上一次回顾发表到2009年4月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有证据,并指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出推荐。写作组全体成员均有机会对推荐进行评论并审核这份声明的最终文本。在AHA科学咨询和协调委员会考察和批准之前,本指南已南卒中委员会领导层和AIIA科学声明督察委员会进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒巾风险的流程图进行了评价。根据干预的町能性(不可于预、可于预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别、低出生体质量、人种/种族和遗传倾向。证据充分的叮干预危险因素包括高血压、吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、体力活动过少以及肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行了回顾。结论多方面的证据可用于确定能增高首次卒中风险的多种具体因素并提供降低这种风险的策略。 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschia Wesley S. Moore J.V. (Ian) Nixon Thomas A. Pearson 张霞(译) 尤寿江(译) 陈孝东(译) 卢涛声(译) 石际俊(译) 曹勇军(译) 徐兴顺(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，18，12： | 12 |
| 11 | Bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus显示文摘AIM: To identify the bacterial flora in conditions such as Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis to determine if they are similar to normal esophageal flora.METHODS: Using broad-range 16S rDNA PCR,esophageal biopsies were examined from 24 patients [9with normal esophageal mucosa, 12 with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and 3 with Barrett's esophagus].Two separate broad-range PCR reactions were performed for each patient, and the resulting products were cloned.In one patient with Barrett's esophagus, g9 PCR clones were analyzed.RESULTS: Two separate clones were recovered from each patient (total = 48), representing 24 different species, with 14 species homologous to known bacteria,5 homologous to unidentified bacteria, and 5 were not homologous (<97% identity) to any known bacterial 16S rDNA sequences. Seventeen species were found in the reflux esophagitis patients, 5 in the Barrett's esophagus patients, and 10 in normal esophagus patients.Further analysis concentrating on a single biopsy from an individual with Barrett's esophagus revealed the presence of 21. distinct bacterial species. Members of four phyla were represented, including Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria.Microscopic examination of each biopsy demonstrated bacteria in intimate association with the distal esophageal epithelium, suggesting that the presence of these bacteria is not transitory.CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence for a complex, residential bacterial population in esophageal reflux-related disorders. While much of this biota is present in the normal esophagus, more detailed comparisons may help identify potential disease associations. | Zhiheng Pei Liying Yang Richard M Peek Jr Steven M Levine David T Pride Martin J Blaser | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 11 |
| 12 | Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To systematically review the medical literature in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Ovid, CINAHL, and Cochrane for studies reporting on the clinical efficacy and safety profile of gastric ESD.RESULTS: Twenty-nine thousand five hundred and six tumors in 27155 patients(31% female) who underwent gastric ESD between 1999 and 2014 were included in this study. R0 resection rate was 90%(95%CI: 87%-92%) with significant between-study heterogeneity(P < 0.001) which was partly explained by difference in region(P = 0.02) and sample size(P = 0.04). Endoscopic en bloc and curative resection rates were 94%(95%CI: 93%-96%) and 86%(95%CI: 83%-89%) respectively. The rate of immediate and delayed perforation rates were 2.7%(95%CI: 2.1%-3.3%) and 0.39%(95%CI: 0.06%-2.4%) respectively while rates of immediate and delayed major bleeding were 2.9%(95%CI: 1.3-6.6) and 3.6%(95%CI: 3.1%-4.3%). After an average follow-up of about 30 mo post-operative, the rate of tumor recurrence was 0.02%(95%CI: 0.001-1.4) among those with R0 resection and 7.7%(95%CI: 3.6%-16%) among those without R0 resection. Overall, irrespective of the resection status, recurrence rate was 0.75%(95%CI: 0.42%-1.3%).CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis, the largest and most comprehensive assessment of gastric ESD till date, showed that gastric ESD is safe and effective for gastrictumors and warrants consideration as first line therapy when an expert operator is available. | Emmanuel Akintoye Itegbemie Obaitan Arunkumar Muthusamy Olalekan Akanbi Mayowa Olusunmade Diane Levine | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，15： | 10 |
| 13 | Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in older adults. We have previously identified epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) signaling as an important regulator of cartilage matrix degradation during epiphyseal cartilage development. To study its function in OA progression, we performed surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM) to induce OA in two mouse models with reduced EGFR activity, one with genetic modification(EgfrWa5/1mice) and the other one with pharmacological inhibition(gefitinib treatment). Histological analyses and scoring at 3 months post-surgery revealed increased cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression in both mouse models. TUNEL staining demonstrated that EGFR signaling protects chondrocytes from OA-induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed in primary chondrocyte culture. Immunohistochemistry showed increased aggrecan degradation in these mouse models, which coincides with elevated amounts of ADAMTS5 and matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13), the principle proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation, in the articular cartilage after DMM surgery. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 2a(HIF2a), a critical catabolic transcription factor stimulating MMP13 expression during OA, was also upregulated in mice with reduced EGFR signaling. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a primarily protective role of EGFR during OA progression by regulating chondrocyte survival and cartilage degradation. | Xianrong Zhang Ji Zhu Fei Liu Yumei Li Abhishek Chandra L Scott Levin Frank Beier Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto Ling Qin | 2014 | Bone Research2014，2，3： | 9 |
| 14 | Surgery for Peyronie's disease显示文摘Peyronie 的疾病(PD ) 最简单地被叫作 fibrotic tunica albuginea 的愈合创伤的混乱。它两个都是引起阴茎畸形的身体上并且心理上地破坏的混乱,弯曲,依赖,变窄并且弄短,它可以妥协性功能。尽管许多非外科的处理被建议了,注明日期提议阴茎畸形的可靠、有效的修正的没有。作为结果,外科仍然是标准答案治疗选择,提供将是这篇文章的焦点的最快速、可靠的治疗。我们考察外科手术前的评估,外科的算法,接枝材料和 PD 的手术后的管理。为弄短的 tunical 的结果, tunical 为阴茎弄直变长和阴茎修复术放置被考察。Tunica albuginea 折襞是与足够的刚硬为人弄直的比较喜欢的方法,更少的严重疾病把不到 70 ° 定义为弯曲;没有缩小 / 依赖。有更多的严重、复杂畸形,但是维持强壮的外科手术前的可勃起的功能的人应该为与匾切口或部分切除和 grafting 弄直被认为候选人。最后为有不适当的刚硬和 PD 的那些人,有弄直的阴茎修复术放置两个都是地址的最好的途径问题。 | Laurence A Levine Stephen M Larsen | 2013 | Asian Journal of Andrology2013，15，1： | 9 |
| 15 | 一种预防老年人带状疱疹与疱疹后神经痛的疫苗 | Oxman M.N. Levin M.J. Johnson G.R. 郭俊 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册)2005，0，10： | 9 |
| 16 | Hemoglobin in- fusion augments the tumor necrosis factor response to bacterial endotoxin ( 1 ipopolysaccharide ) in mice 显示文摘 | Su Dong Hui Roth R I Levin J | 1999 | Crit Care Med1999，27，4： | 8 |
| 17 | Guidelines for Colonoscopy Surveillance After Screening and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer显示文摘 | David A. Lieberman Douglas K. Rex Sidney J. Winawer Francis M. Giardiello David A. Johnson Theodore R. Levin | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，3： | 8 |
| 18 | Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease显示文摘 | Beth Levine Guido Kroemer | 2008 | Cell2008，，1： | 8 |
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