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| 1 | 急性缺血性卒中的血管内治疗:神经介入外科学学会实践标准委员会的报告显示文摘目的总结采用血管内技术治疗急性缺血性卒中的有关证据并等级分类。方法对美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)以前发表的推荐意见进行审查并作为当前流程的基础。在此这基础上,进行系统的文献回顾以评估支持急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的证据。根据AHA卒中委员会和牛津大学循证医学中心提出的循证医学证据分级指南进行评估。对操作安全性、技术效果以及对临床转归的影响进行特别审核。 | K A Blackham P M Meyers T A Abruzzo F C Alberquerque D Fiorella J Fraser D Frei C D Gandhi D V Heck J A Hirsch D P Hsu M Jayaraman S Narayanan C Prestigiacomo J L Sunshine 包元飞(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2012 | 国际脑血管病杂志2012，20，12： | 28 |
| 2 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 3 | ALK易位性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床病理分析显示文摘目前,有报道指出甲状腺乳头状癌( PTC)中存在致病基因ALK的易位。作者在免疫组化的基础上,对免疫组化阳性病例通过荧光原位杂交( FISH)进一步识别ALK重排型PTC。本文对259例侵袭性较强的甲状腺癌进行免疫组化和FISH分析,8例免疫组化阳性的病例中,通过FISH证实有6例存在ALK易位,特异性为75%;其余251例免疫组化阴性的病例, FISH检查同样阴性,敏感性为100%。在498例未经筛选过的PTCs中,11例(2.2%)发现ALK易位,23例弥漫性硬化型PTCs中3例(13%)发现ALK易位;36例伴远处转移的PTCs、28例差分化癌(岛状癌)、20例间变性癌中未发现ALK易位;14例ALK易位的患者全部为女性( P=0.0425),且发生在较年轻的患者(平均年龄38岁,而所有患者的平均48岁,P=0.0289)。 ALK易位出现在所有肿瘤细胞的早期克隆性事件中,与 BRAFV600E 突变相互排斥。 ALK易位与侵袭性的临床病理特征无关(包括瘤体大小、分期、转移、血管侵犯、腺外播散、复发的风险及放射性碘抵抗性)。作者通过免疫组化和FISH发现2.2%的PTCs中存在ALK的易位,ALK易位在年轻女性和弥漫硬化型PTC患者中更加常见,但并不意味着侵袭性的临床过程。 | Chou A Fraser S Toon C W 魏建国 许春伟 | 2015 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2015，31，5： | 11 |
| 4 | Revisiting the origin of modern humans in China and its implications for global human evolution显示文摘The debates over the origin of modern humans have long been centered on two competing theories:the 'Out-of-Africa'(single-place origin) theory and the 'Multi-regional Evolution' theory.China is an extremely important region where many ancient human fossils were collected along with numerous associated faunal remains and artefacts.These cultural remains,unearthed from different areas in the country and covering a long time span,will help clarify the controversy.The study of cultural materials in China is expected to shed important light on biological evolutionary patterns and social and technical developments of those early humans as well as their environmental conditions.Based on the analysis of Chinese fossils and associated materials,in conjunction with some genetic studies,this paper aims at evaluating each of the two theories in order to stimulate more discussions.Our study suggests that the evolutionary model of 'Continuity with Hybridization' is most relevant in reflecting the current understanding of human evolutionary history in China.Furthermore,we propose that the concept of regional diversity of evolutionary models should be seriously considered to illustrate different evolutionary modes applied to different parts of the world. | GAO Xing1,2*,ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3,YANG DongYa2,4,SHEN Chen2,5 & WU XinZhi1,2 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 2 Laboratory of Human Evolution,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4 Department of Archaeology,Simon Fraser University,Vancouver V5A 1S6,Canada 5 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto M5S 2C6,Canada | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，12： | 11 |
| 5 | 后循环大血管闭塞性卒中的血管内治疗策略:美国神经介入外科学会(SNIS)标准和指南委员会共识显示文摘后循环卒中大约占所有卒中的20%,但后循环急性大血管闭塞(pc-ELVO)仅占所有急性大血管闭塞性卒中的5%。尽管少见,但pc-ELVO患者往往病情严重,症状也不典型,良好预后率低。如何更好地对这些患者进行管理,是目前临床治疗的难点。近期,美国神经介入外科学会(SNIS)发布了一项关于后循环大血管闭塞性卒中的血管内治疗指南,旨在为pc-ELVO的影像学检查、诊断和血管内治疗技术提供详细的最新指导。 | Yasha Kayan Philip M Meyers Charles J Prestigiacomo Peter Kan Justin F Fraser 王丽娜(翻译) 刘焕(翻译) 贺迎坤(翻译) 邢莹(翻译) 何艳艳(翻译) 李天晓(翻译) 朱良付(翻译) 李钊硕(翻译) | 2019 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2019，7，4： | 11 |
| 6 | Endoscopic ultrasound-guided elastography in the nodal staging of oesophageal cancer显示文摘AIM:To assess quantitative endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)guided elastography in the nodal staging of oesophagogastric cancers.METHODS:This was a single tertiary centre study assessing 50 patients with established oesophago-gastric cancer undergoing EUS-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of lymph nodes between July 2007 and July 2009.EUS-guided elastography of lymph nodes was performed before EUS-FNAB.Standard EUS characteristics were also described.Cytological determination of whether a lymph node was malignant or benign was used as the gold standard for this study.Comparisons of elastography and standard EUS characteristics were made between the cytologically benign and malignant nodes.The main outcome measure was the accuracy of elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant lymph nodes in oesophageal cancers.RESULTS:EUS elastography and FNAB were performed on 53 lymph nodes.Cytological malignancy was found in 23 nodes,one was indeterminate,one was found to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and 25 of the nodes were negative for malignancy.On 3 occasions insufficient material was obtained for analysis.The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve for elastography strain ratio was 0.87 (P<0.0001).Elastography strain ratio had a sensitivity 83%,specificity 96%,positive predictive value 95%,and negative predictive value 86% for distinguishing between malignant and benign nodes.The overall accuracy of elastography strain ratio was 90%.Elastography was more sensitive and specific in determining malignant nodal disease than standard EUS criteria.CONCLUSION:EUS elastography is a promising modality that may complement standard EUS and help guide EUS-FNAB during staging of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. | Stuart Paterson Fraser Duthie Adrian J Stanley | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，9： | 10 |
| 7 | What are discourse markers?显示文摘 | Bruce Fraser | 1999 | Journal of Pragmatics1999，，7： | 8 |
| 8 | Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride(MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans(C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and type 2(HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay.Methods: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans leaves.MGDG and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and posttreatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT assay.Results: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100%inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 mg/m L, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have antiherpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pretreatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and 21.30.Conclusions: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents. | Sirada Pongmuangmul Supaporn Phumiamorn Phanchana Sanguansermsri Nalin Wongkattiya Ian Hamilton Fraser Donruedee Sanguansermsri | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，3： | 7 |
| 9 | Cochrane脑卒中组简介显示文摘 | Hazel Fraser Brenda Thomas Peter Sandercock 曾亚莉 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit显示文摘 | Juliana Barr Gilles L. Fraser Kathleen Puntillo E. Wesley Ely Céline Gélinas Joseph F. Dasta Judy E. Davidson John W. Devlin John P. Kress Aaron M. Joffe Douglas B. Coursin Daniel L. Herr Avery Tung Bryce R. H. Robinson Dorrie K. Fontaine Michael A. Ramsa | 2013 | Critical Care Medicine2013，，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Nutritional support teams increase percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy uptake in motor neuron disease显示文摘AIM:To examine factors influencing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) uptake and outcomes in motor neuron disease(MND) in a tertiary care centre.METHODS:Case notes from all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MND who had attended the clinic at the Repatriation General Hospital between January 2007 and January 2011 and who had since died,were audited.Data were extracted for demographics(age and gender),disease characteristics(date of onset,bulbar or peripheral predominance,complications),date and nature of discussion of gastrostomy insertion,nutritional status [weight measurements,body mass index(BMI)],date of gastrostomy insertion and subsequent progress(duration of survival) and quality of life(QoL) [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)].In addition,the type of clinician initiating the discussion regarding gastrostomy was recorded as Nutritional Support Team(involved in providing nutrition input viz Gastroenterologist,Speech Pathologist,Dietitian) and other(involved in non-nutritional aspects of patient care).Factors affecting placement and outcomes including length of survival,change in weight and QoL were determined.RESULTS:Case records were available for all 86 patients(49 men,mean age at diagnosis 66.4 years).Thirty-eight patients had bulbar symptoms and 48 had peripheral disease as their presenting feature.Sixty-six patients reported dysphagia.Thirty-one patients had undergone gastrostomy insertion.The major indications for PEG placement were dysphagia and weight loss.Nine patients required immediate full feeding,whereas 17 patients initially used the gastrostomy to supplement oral intake,4 for medication administration and 1 for hydration.Initially the PEG regime met 73% ± 31% of the estimated total energy requirements,increasing to 87% ± 32% prior to death.There was stabilization of weight in patients undergoing gastrostomy [BMI at 3 mo(22.6 ± 2.2 kg/m 2) and 6 mo(22.5 ± 2.0 kg/m 2) after PEG placement compared to weight at the time of the procedure(22.5 ± 3.0 kg/m 2)].However,weight loss recurred in the terminal stages of the illness.There was a strong trend for longer survival from diagnosis among MND in PEG recipients with limb onset presentation compared to similar patients who did not undergo the procedure(P = 0.063).Initial discussions regarding PEG insertion occurred earlier after diagnosis when seen by nutrition support team(NST) clinicians compared to other clinicians.(5.4 ± 7.0 mo vs 11.9 ± 13.4 mo,P = 0.028).There was a significant increase in PEG uptake(56% vs 24%,P = 0.011) if PEG discussions were initiated by the NST staff compared to other clinicians.There was no change in the ALSFRS-R score in patients who underwent PEG(pre 34.1 ± 8.6 vs post 34.8 ± 7.4),although in non-PEG recipients there was a nonsignificant fall in this score(33.7 ± 7.9 vs 31.6 ± 8.8).Four patients died within one month of the procedure,4 developed bacterial site infection requiring antibiotics and 1 required endoscopic therapy for gastric bleeding.Less serious complications attributed to the procedure included persistent gastrostomy site discomfort,poor appetite,altered bowel function and bloating.CONCLUSION:Initial discussion with NST clinicians increases PEG uptake in MND.Gastrostomy stabilizes patient weight but weight loss recurs with advancing disease. | Lin Zhang Leanne Sanders Robert JL Fraser | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，44： | 6 |
| 12 | Three-dimensional neurostereoendoscopy: subjective and objective comparison to 2D显示文摘 | Fraser JF Allen B Anand VK Schwartz TH | 2009 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2009，7，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Xen and the art of virtualization显示文摘 | Paul Barham Boris Dragovic Keir Fraser Steven Hand Tim Harris Alex Ho Rolf Neugebauer Ian Pratt Andrew Warfield | 2003 | ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review2003，，5： | 6 |
| 14 | Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation Scale for adult critically ill patients显示文摘 | Richard R. Riker Jean T. Picard Gilles L. Fraser | 1999 | Critical Care Medicine1999，，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Football injuries of the ankle: A review of injury mechanisms, diagnosis and management显示文摘Football is the most popular sport worldwide and is associated with a high injury rate, most of which are the result of trauma from player contact. Ankle injuries are among the most commonly diagnosed injuries in the game. The result is reduced physical activity and endurance levels, lost game time, and considerable medical cost. Sports medicine professionals must employ the correct diagnostic tools and effective treatments and rehabilitation protocols to minimize the impact of these injuries on the player. This review examines the diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation for common football injuries of the ankle based on the clinical evidence provided in the current literature. | Raymond J Walls Keir A Ross Ethan J Fraser Christopher W Hodgkins Niall A Smyth Christopher J Egan James Calder John G Kennedy | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，1： | 5 |
| 16 | Soil polygon disaggregation through similarity-based prediction with legacy pedons显示文摘Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation. | LIU Feng GENG Xiaoyuan ZHU A-xing Walter FRASER SONG Xiaodong ZHANG Ganlin | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，5： | 5 |
| 17 | 经动脉和静脉入路行神经介入手术:美国神经介入外科学会(SNIS)标准与指南委员会共识——美国神经介入外科学会发布显示文摘文章旨在对神经介入手术中建立血管通路的技术和工具进行全面的综述。利用已发表的文章,回顾神经介入手术中血管通路的建立方法、部位、工具及技术相关资料,并根据数据质量、证据水平和适当的专家共识综合给出推荐意见。即使建立血管入路的工具和技术仍在不断发展,但目前的文献和经验仍支持神经介入手术中血管通路建立的一些原则。 | Starke RM Snelling B Al-Mufti F Gandhi CD Lee SK Dabus G Fraser JF 刘焕(译) 王丽娜(译) 贺迎坤(译) 朱良付(译) 李天晓(译) 王子亮(译) 白卫星(译) 薛绛宇(译) 冯光(译) 段光明(译) 何艳艳(译) | 2020 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2020，8，2： | 5 |
| 18 | Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus optimal medical therapy alone:effectiveness of incomplete revascularization in high risk patients显示文摘有 multivessel 的 BackgroundGeriatric 病人冠的动脉疾病(CAD ) 是一个挑战性的组对待;这些盒子关于在这些病人上并且经常承担主要外科的实际利益在心队以内得到讨论导致放纵外科的选择。经皮的过程代表一种重要选择,但是冠的解剖可能是相反的。离开泵冠的动脉绕过(OPCAB ) 提供好质量没有暴露病人到的左前面的下降上的接枝(男孩) 心肺绕过,并且可能是在有多重 comorbidities 的病人的理想的选择,不是对合格经皮或在泵上过程。这研究的目的是没有经皮的选择在高风险的病人在中间的后续期间比较幸存,也与 OPCAB 对待或在回顾地从 2008 年 6 月评估到 2013 年 6 月的医药 therapy.MethodsWe 排出,有 multivessel CAD 的 83 个高风险的病人被包括:42 在男孩上用左内部乳房的动脉(LIMA ) 与不完全的离开泵 revascularization 被对待;41 在最佳的医药治疗(OMT ) 被解除,拒绝了外科。后续在 2015 年 3 月结束了,与一电话的会见。主要端点是从所有原因死亡的幸存;第二等的端点从非致命的主要不利心脏的事件(权标) 是从心脏相关的死亡和自由的幸存 .ResultsDuring 列在后面在上面,在 OPCAB 组的 11 死亡和在 OMT 组的 27 死亡发生了。死亡分别地由于在 6 和 15 个病人的心脏的因素。权标在 OMT 组在 OPCAB 组并且在 4 个病人在 6 个病人被观察。关于从所有原因死亡的幸存,经历了多于那些熬过的 OPCAB 的病人在 OMT 排出(木头等级 <0.001 ) ,并且 OMT 组带倾向 3.862 的调整分数的危险比率(P <0.001 ) 。关于从心脏相关的事件的幸存,经历了多于那些熬过的 OPCAB 的病人在 OMT 排出(木头等级 = 0.002 ) ,并且 OMT 组带倾向 3.663 的调整分数的危险比率(P = 0.010 ) 。有关从权标的自由没有统计上重要的差别(木头等级 = 0.273 ).ConclusionsFor 有 multivessel CAD 的高风险的病人,不是对在泵上合格完全的 revascularization 外科或经皮的过程,有 OPCAB LIMA-on-LAD 提议的不完全的 revascularization 在幸存受益什么时候与 OMT 相比独自一个。 | Filippo Prestipino Cristiano Spadaccio Antonio Nenna Fraser WH Sutherland Gwyn W Beattie Mario Lusini Francesco Nappi Massimo Chello | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Transplantation of hypoxia preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats显示文摘 | Ling Wei Jamie L. Fraser Zhong-Yang Lu Xinyang Hu Shan Ping Yu | 2012 | Neurobiology of Disease2012，，3： | 3 |
| 20 | 心衰患者心脏超声改变与心肌钙调神经磷酸酶的关系显示文摘目的探讨心衰患者的心脏超声改变与心肌钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin)活性的关系。方法以因终末期心衰做心脏移植的患者为观察对象(男14例,女1例) ,因意外死亡而作为器官移植供体者作为对照(5例均为男性)。手术前给观察组病人作心脏超声,详细记录左心室大小及收缩舒张功能等指标,并搜集供体的生前心脏超声资料。对移植下来的心脏即刻取左心室游离壁,用色度法进行Calcineurin活性测定。分析超声提供的左室资料与Calcineurin活性之间的关系。结果与对照组相比,功能衰竭的左心室肌Calcineurin活性明显升高;且左室内径越大、左室射血分数越低、左室舒张末期压力越高,Calcineurin的活性越高。结论心肌Calcineurin活性与左室形态及收缩、舒张功能有关。 | 王建春 王传霞 楼红 Fraser D.Russell | 2005 | 医学影像学杂志2005，15，3： | 3 |
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