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| 1 | 欧洲卒中组织(ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者静脉血栓栓塞的预防指南显示文摘背景静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism, VTE)包括深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)和肺栓塞,是无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的常见并发症。本文阐述了欧洲卒中组织(European Stroke Organisation, ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者VTE预防的指南。有关出血性卒中的指南已发表。方法一个多学科小组确定了相关问题并使用推荐意见分级评估、制定和评价系统根据随机对照试验证据制定推荐意见。本文经过ESO内部及外部评审,并得到ESO指南委员会和ESO执行委员会批准。结果我们发现的主要是中等质量证据,包括评估梯度压力弹力袜(graduated compression stocking, GCS)、间歇充气加压装置(intermittent pneumatic compression, IPC)以及使用普通肝素(unfractionated heparin, UFH)、低分子量肝素(low molecular weight heparin, LMWH)和类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗的随机对照试验和系统评价,但未发现评估神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NES)的随机试验。我们推荐临床医生对无活动能力的患者使用IPC,但不应使用GCS。在无活动能力的缺血性卒中患者中,如果降低VTE风险的益处足以抵消其使用导致的颅内外出血风险增高,则应考虑使用UFH(5 000 U,2~3次/d)、LMWH或类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗。如果确定具有预防性抗凝治疗的指征,应考虑使用LMWH或类肝素而非UFH,因为前两者能更明显地降低DVT风险,使用更加便利,人员成本更低,患者舒适度更高(每天仅需注射1次),但这些优势应与LMWH和类肝素的更高颅外出血风险、更高药物成本以及在肾功能不全老年患者中使用的相关风险进行权衡。结论IPC、UFH或LMWH和类肝素可降低无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的VTE风险,但需要进一步研究来评价NES是否有效。其中证据最强的预防手段是IPC。需要更好的方法在卒中发病后最初数周内根据VTE风险和抗凝药的出血风险对患者进行分层。 | Martin Dennis Valeria Caso L Jaap Kappelle Aleksandra Pavlovic Peter Sandercock 刘品一 黄丽丽 徐运 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，3： | 11 |
| 2 | Cochrane脑卒中组简介显示文摘 | Hazel Fraser Brenda Thomas Peter Sandercock 曾亚莉 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Blood Markers for the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review显示文摘 | William Whiteley Wei Li Chong Anshuman Sengupta Peter Sandercock | 2009 | Stroke2009，，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK)显示文摘 | Christopher S Gray Anthony J Hildreth Peter A Sandercock Janice E O'Connell Donna E Johnston Niall EF Cartlidge John M Bamford Oliver F James K George MM Alberti | 2007 | Lancet Neurology2007，，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Classification of premium and regular gasoline by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks显示文摘 | Philip Doble Mark Sandercock Eric Du Pasquier Peter Petocz Claude Roux Michael Dawson | 2003 | Forensic Science International2003，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Cost-Effectiveness of Thrombolysis With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke Assessed by a Model Based on UK NHS Costs显示文摘 | Peter Sandercock Eivind Berge Martin Dennis | 2004 | Stroke2004，35，： | 1 |
| 7 | Hyperdense artery sign, symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke显示文摘Background Alteplase improves functional outcomes of patients with acute ischaemic stroke,but its effects on symptomatic infarct swelling,an adverse complication of stroke and the influence of CT hyperdense artery sign(HAS)are unclear.This substudy of the Third International Stroke Trial aimed to investigate the association between HAS and symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of intravenous alteplase on this association.Methods We included stroke patients whose prerandomisation scan was non-contrast CT.Raters,masked to clinical information,assessed baseline(prerandomisation)and follow-up(24-48 hours postrandomisation)CT scans for HAS,defined as an intracranial artery appearing denser than contralateral arteries.Symptomatic infarct swelling was defined as clinically significant neurological deterioration≤7 days after stroke with radiological evidence of midline shift,effacement of basal cisterns or uncal herniation.Results Among 2961 patients,HAS presence at baseline was associated with higher risk of symptomatic infarct swelling(OR 2.21;95% CI 1.42 to 3.44).Alteplase increased the risk of swelling(OR 1.69;95% CI 1.11 to 2.57),with no difference between patients with and those without baseline HAS(p=0.49).In patients with baseline HAS,alteplase reduced the proportion with HAS at follow-up(OR 0.67;95% CI 0.50 to 0.91),where HAS disappearance was associated with reduced risk of swelling(OR 0.25,95% CI 0.14 to 0.47).Conclusion Although alteplase was associated with increased risk of symptomatic infarct swelling in patients with or without baseline HAS,it was also associated with accelerated clearance of HAS,which in return reduced swelling,providing further mechanistic insights to underpin the benefits of alteplase. | Simiao Wu Grant Mair Geoff Cohen Zoe Morris Anders von Heijne Nick Bradey Lesley Cala Andre Peeters Andrew J Farrall Alessandro Adami Gillian Potter Ming Liu Richard I Lindley Peter A G Sandercock Joanna M Wardlaw the IST-3 Collaborative Group | 2021 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021，6，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK)显示文摘 | Christopher S Gray Anthony J Hildreth Peter A Sandercock Janice E O’Connell Donna E Johnston Niall EF Cartlidge John M Bamford Oliver F James K George MM Alberti | 2007 | Lancet Neurology2007，，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: promising, perilous, or unproven?显示文摘 | Peter Sandercock | 1995 | The Lancet1995，，8989： | 1 |
| 10 | Qualitative Comparison of the Reliability of Health Status Assessments With the EuroQol and SF-36 Questionnaires After Stroke显示文摘 | Paul Dorman Jim Slattery Barbara Farrell Martin Dennis Peter Sandercock | 1998 | Stroke A Journal of Cerebral Circulation1998，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Anticoagulants for acute ischemic stroke显示文摘 | Peter AG Sandercock Carl Counsell Ayeesha K Kamal | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 12 | Targeted use of heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin to improve outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials显示文摘 | William N Whiteley Harold P Adams Philip MW Bath Eivind Berge Per Morten Sandset Martin Dennis Gordon D Murray Ka-Sing Lawrence Wong Peter AG Sandercock | 2013 | Lancet Neurology2013，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Diffusion‐weighted imaging and diagnosis of transient ischemic attack显示文摘 | Miriam Brazzelli Francesca M. Chappell Hector Miranda Kirsten Shuler Martin Dennis Peter A. G. Sandercock Keith Muir Joanna M. Wardlaw | 2014 | Ann Neurol2014，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Classification of premium and regular gasoline by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks 显示文摘 | Philip Doble Mark Sandercock Eric Du Pasquier Peter Petocz Claude Roux Michael Dawson | 2003 | Forensic Science International2003，132，： | 1 |
| 15 | Targeting Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage or Poor Functional Outcome: An Analysis of the Third International Stroke Trial显示文摘 | William N. Whiteley Douglas Thompson Gordon Murray Geoff Cohen Richard I. Lindley Joanna Wardlaw Peter Sandercock | 2014 | Stroke2014，，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK)显示文摘 | Christopher S Gray Anthony J Hildreth Peter A Sandercock Janice E O’Connell Donna E Johnston Niall EF Cartlidge John M Bamford Oliver F James K George MM Alberti | 2007 | Lancet Neurology2007，，5： | 1 |
| 17 | The Natural History of Lacunar Infarction: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project显示文摘 | John Bamford Peter Sandercock Leslie Jones Charles Warlow | 1987 | Stroke1987，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Long-Term Risk of Recurrent Stroke After a First-Ever Stroke: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project显示文摘 | John Burn DM Martin Dennis MD John Bamford MD Peter Sandercock DM Derick Wade MD Charles Warlow MD | 1994 | Stroke1994，，2： | 1 |
| 19 | The Use of Blood Biomarkers to Predict Poor Outcome After Acute Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke显示文摘 | William Whiteley Joanna Wardlaw Martin Dennis Gordon Lowe Ann Rumley Naveed Sattar Paul Welsh Alison Green Mary Andrews Peter Sandercock | 2012 | Stroke2012，，1： | 1 |
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