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| 1 | Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia显示文摘Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGDinduced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%.The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reduction in cell death was observed in the presence of 10 μtM DEVD-CHO). In separate experiments purported to enhance the apoptotic component, cells were gradually deprived of O2, exposed to 4% O2 (as opposed to 0%) during the OGD period, or maintained in serum-containing media throughout. While NMDA receptor antagonism significantly reduced cortical cell death under all conditions, a caspase-inhibitor sensitive component of cell death was not uncovered. These studies suggest that OGD of cultured cortical cells models the excitotoxic, but not the apoptotic component of cell death observed in vivo. | Paul Alexander JONES Gillian Ruth MAY Joyce Ann MCLUCKIE Akinori IWASHITA John SHARKEY | 2004 | Cell Research2004，14，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Multimodal Brain-Computer Interfaces显示文摘A critical parameter of brain-computer interfaces(BCIs) is the number of dimensions a user can control independently.One way to increment this number without increasing the mental effort required to operate the system is to stimulate several sensory modalities simultaneously,and to distinguish brain activity patterns when the user focuses attention to different elements of this multisensory input.In this article we show how shifting attention between simultaneously presented tactile and visual stimuli affects the electrical brain activity of human subjects,and that this signal can be used to augment the control information from the two uni-modal BCI subsystems. | Alexander Maye Dan ZHANG Yijun WANG Shangkai GAO Andreas K. Engel | 2011 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2011，16，2： | 2 |
| 3 | The effects of Park sham needles: a pilot study显示文摘BACKGROUND: When performing clinical trials involving acupuncture, it can be difficult to choose a placebo control. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Two different methods were employed. First, a researcher blinded to needle type administered the Park sham or a real needle, chosen at random, on the arms of 16 healthy volunteers. The researcher and the volunteers independently recorded which needle type they thought had been applied at each acupuncture point. Second, 19 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture applied with the real needle or the Park sham needle, once a week for 6 weeks alongside a course of physiotherapy. At the end of the 6 sessions the patients recorded which needle type they thought was being used. The results were analyzed with a Fisher's exact test. This study was carried out in the Outpatient Department of Physiotherapy in Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK, on healthy volunteers and patients with shoulder impingement pain. The age range was 23 to 54 and 22 to 74 years respectively.RESULTS: Of the healthy volunteers, there was no difference(P=0.23) between the number of needles that were correctly(n=43) or incorrectly identified(n=53). All patients thought that they had received the real needles. The researcher correctly identified all needles that were applied. CONCLUSION: The researcher delivering the acupuncture recognized the needle type. However, both healthy and patient volunteers were blind to the needle type. This demonstrates that the Park sham needle is an effective single-blind control. It should be noted that the number of patients recruited was small and the study was underpowered to detect an effect of treatment. | May To Caroline Alexander | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2015，13，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Atherosclerotic lesions in lymphoma survivors treated with radiotherapy显示文摘 | Torgeir Wethal B?rd Nedregaard Rune Andersen Alexander Foss? May Brit Lund Anne Günther Stein Kval?y Sophie D. Foss? John Kjekshus | 2013 | Radiotherapy and Oncology2013，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Deterministic Polynomial-Time Equivalence of Computing the RSA Secret Key and Factoring显示文摘 | Jean-Sebastien Coron Alexander May | 2007 | Journal of Cryptology2007，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Utility of helical computed tomography in the study of arytenoids dislocation and subluxation 显示文摘 | Alexander AE Lyons GD Fazekas - May MA | 1997 | Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1997，106，： | 1 |
| 7 | Reduction in Mortality as a Result of Direct Transport From the Field to a Receiving Center for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention显示文摘 | Michel R. Le May George A. Wells Derek Y. So Chris A. Glover Michael Froeschl Justin Maloney Richard Dionne Jean-Fran?ois Marquis Edward R. O’Brien Alexander Dick Heather L. Sherrard John Trickett Pierre Poirier Melissa Blondeau Jordan Bernick Marino Labi | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2012，，14： | 1 |
| 8 | Feasibility of contrast material volume reduction in coronary artery imaging using 320-slice volume CT显示文摘 | Patrick A. Hein Juliane May Patrik Rogalla Craig Butler Bernd Hamm Alexander Lembcke | 2010 | European Radiology2010，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Statin Therapy and Saphenous Vein Graft Disease After Coronary Bypass Surgery: Analysis From the CASCADE Randomized Trial显示文摘 | Alexander Kulik Pierre Voisine Patrick Mathieu Roy G. Masters Thierry G. Mesana Michel R. Le May Marc Ruel | 2011 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery2011，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | A simple route to ohmic contacts on low boron-doped CVD diamond显示文摘 | LATTO M N MAY P W | 2003 | Diamond and Related Materials2003，12，： | 1 |
| 11 | Mapping Urban Malaria and Diarrhea Mortality in Accra, Ghana: Evidence of Vulnerabilities and Implications for Urban Health Policy显示文摘 | Julius N. Fobil Christian Levers Tobia Lakes Wibke Loag Alexander Kraemer Juergen May | 2012 | Journal of Urban Health2012，，6： | 1 |
| 12 | The importance of platelets in the expression of monocyte tissue factor antigen measured by a new whole blood flow cytometric assay显示文摘 | Amirkhosravi A Alexander M May K | 1996 | Thromb Haemost1996，75，： | 1 |
| 13 | A simple route to Ohmic contacts on low boron- doped CVD diamond 显示文摘 | Alexander M S Latto M N May P W | 2003 | Diamond and Related Materials2003，12，： | 1 |
| 14 | Acute toxicity of four phenoxy herbicides to aquatic organisms显示文摘 | Alexander H C Gersich F M Mayes M A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Utility of helical computed tomography in the study of arytenoids dis location and arytenoids subluxation显示文摘 | Alexander AE Lyons GD Fazekas May MA | 1997 | Ann Oto Rhinol Laryngol1997，106，： | 1 |
| 16 | Maize-targeted mutagenesis:a knockout resource for maize显示文摘 | May B.P Liu H Vollbrecht E Senior L Rabinowicz P.D Roh D Pan X.K Stein L Freeling M Alexander D and Martienssen R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Reduction in Mortality as a Result of Direct Transport From the Field to a Receiving Center for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention显示文摘 | Michel R. Le May George A. Wells Derek Y. So Chris A. Glover Michael Froeschl Justin Maloney Richard Dionne Jean-Fran?ois Marquis Edward R. O’Brien Alexander Dick Heather L. Sherrard John Trickett Pierre Poirier Melissa Blondeau Jordan Bernick Marino Labi | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2012，，14： | 1 |
| 18 | Aspirin Plus Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin Alone After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The Clopidogrel After Surgery for Coronary Artery Disease (CASCADE) Trial显示文摘 | Alexander Kulik Michel R. Le May Pierre Voisine Jean-Claude Tardif Robert DeLarochelliere Sarika Naidoo George A. Wells Thierry G. Mesana Marc Ruel | 2010 | Circulation2010，，25： | 1 |
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