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| 1 | 膝关节前交叉韧带损伤及重建后肌肉力量变化的研究显示文摘对ACL陈旧性损伤、急性损伤、手术重建以及未损伤对象四个样本组 ,在等长条件下膝关节肌肉屈伸、旋内 ,旋外、内收和外展的力量情况进行了对比测试。共记录了 5 4个研究对象的 80组测试结果。结果表明各样本组肌肉力量比值在不同方向上存在显著性差异。该结果可能有助于解释ACL损伤及重建后神经肌肉系统的补偿机制 ,并提示通过选择性地训练某些肌肉可达到有效的康复效果。 | 王广志 张立群 Gordon W Nuber Mark K Bowen Jesse Butler | 2000 | 中国运动医学杂志2000，19，4： | 13 |
| 2 | The issue of lymphadenectomy during laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma显示文摘Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for gastric cancer.Laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy has failed to gain universal acceptance as an alternative to the open approach for a number of reasons,one of which includes the issue of oncological radicality in terms of lymph node dissection.Nodal status,which is one of the most crucial and independent predictors of patient survival,therefore has been examined both in single institutional trials and also in randomised controlled trials especially on early gastric cancer.The issue of oncological adequacy for laparoscopic lymph node harvesting for advanced gastric cancer remains a contentious issue because of the unique challenges it poses in terms of complexity,safety and time,and also the lack of randomised controlled trials in this area.It is thus imperative that good quality multicentre randomised controlled trials are designed to investigate the benef its of extended lymphadenectomy in the setting of laparoscopic surgery,especially for advanced gastric cancer and its impact on both short and long term survival. | Muhammed Ashraf Memon Nick Butler Breda Memon | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，2： | 10 |
| 3 | Current progress in use of adipose derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration显示文摘Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in the peripheral nervous system have the potential for full regeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery is controlled by schwann cells which replicate and modulate the subsequent immune response. The level of nerve recovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initial injury despite the significant advancements in imaging and surgical techniques. Multiple experimental model shave been used with varying successes to augment the natural regenerative processes which occur following nerve injury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury may be an important future intervention to improve the best attainable clinical results. In particular adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which are thought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitous within adipose tissue; they can form many structures resembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system. Following early in vitro work; multiple small and large animal in vivo models have been used in conjunction with conduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridge the peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC related neuroprotective and regenerative properties have been elucidated however much work remains before a model can be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury(PNI). This review aims to provide a detailed overview of progress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussion on the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair. | Shomari DL Zack-Williams Peter E Butler Deepak M Kalaskar | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Complications in the management of metastatic spinal disease显示文摘Metastatic spine disease accounts for 10% to 30% of new cancer diagnoses annually. The most frequent presentation is axial spinal pain. No treatment has been proven to increase the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastasis. The goals of therapy are pain control and functional preservation. The most important prognostic indicator for spinal metastases is the initial functional score. Treatment is multidisciplinary, and virtually all treatment is palliative. Management is guided by three key issues; neurologic compromise, spinal instability, and individual patient factors. Site-directed radiation, with or without chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment modality for those patients presenting with spinal pain, causative by tumours which are not impinging on neural elements. Operative intervention has, until recently been advocated for establishing a tissue diagnosis, mechanical stabilization and for reduction of tumor burden but not for a curative approach. It is treatment of choice patients with diseaseadvancement despite radiotherapy and in those with known radiotherapy-resistant tumors. Vertebral resection and ante-rior stabilization with methacrylate or hardware(e.g., cages) has been advocated.Surgical decompression and stabilization, however, along with radiotherapy, may provide the most promising treatment. It stabilizes the metastatic deposited areaand allows ambulation with pain relief. In general, patients who are nonambulatory at diagnosis do poorly, as do patients in whom more than one vertebra is involved. Surgical intervention is indicated in patients with radiation-resistant tumors, spinal instability, spinal compression with bone or disk fragments, progressive neurologic deterioration, previous radiation exposure, and uncertain diagnosis that requires tissue diagnosis. The main goal in the management of spinal metastatic deposits is always palliative rather than curative, with the primary aim being pain relief and improved mobility. This however, does not come without complications, regardless of the surgical intervention technique used. These complication range from the general surgical complications of bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding structures and post operative DT/PE to spinal specific complications of persistent neurologic deficit and paralysis. | Eilis Catherine Dunning Joseph Simon Butler Seamus Morris | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，8： | 8 |
| 5 | Infectious disease emergence and global change: thinking systemically in a shrinking world显示文摘Background:Concern intensifying that emerging infectious diseases and global environmental changes that could generate major future human pandemics.Method:A focused literature review was undertaken,partly informed by a forthcoming report on environment,agriculture and infectious diseases of poverty,facilitated by the Special Programme for Tropical Diseases.Results:More than ten categories of infectious disease emergence exist,but none formally analyse past,current or future burden of disease.Other evidence suggests that the dominant public health concern focuses on two informal groupings.Most important is the perceived threat of newly recognised infections,especially viruses that arise or are newly discovered in developing countries that originate in species exotic to developed countries,such as non-human primates,bats and rodents.These pathogens may be transmitted by insects or bats,or via direct human contact with bushmeat.The second group is new strains of influenza arising from intensively farmed chickens or pigs,or emerging from Asian“wet markets”where several bird species have close contact.Both forms appear justified because of two great pandemics:HIV/AIDS(which appears to have originated from bushmeat hunting in Africa before emerging globally)and Spanish influenza,which killed up to 2.5%of the human population around the end of World War I.Insufficiently appreciated is the contribution of the milieu which appeared to facilitate the high disease burden in these pandemics.Additionally,excess anxiety over emerging infectious diseases diverts attention from issues of greater public health importance,especially:(i)existing(including neglected)infectious diseases and(ii)the changing milieu that is eroding the determinants of immunity and public health,caused by adverse global environmental changes,including climate change and other components of stressed life and civilisation-supporting systems.Conclusions:The focus on novel pathogens and minor forms of anti-microbial resistance in emerging disease literature is unjustified by their burden of disease,actual and potential,and diverts attention from far more important health problems and determinants.There is insufficient understanding of systemic factors that promote pandemics.Adverse global change could generate circumstances conducive to future pandemics with a high burden of disease,arising via anti-microbial and insecticidal resistance,under-nutrition,conflict,and public health breakdown. | Colin D Butler | 2012 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2012，1，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Prognosis of lymphotropic invasive micropapillary breast carcinoma analyzed by using data from the National Cancer Database显示文摘Background:Invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC)is an uncommon subtype of breast cancer.Previous studies of this subtype demonstrated a higher propensity for lymph node metastases as compared with invasive ductal carci-noma(IDC).The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical characteristics,outcomes,and propensity for lymph node metastasis of patients with IMPC of the breast recorded in the National Cancer Database(NCDB).Methods:Records of patients with IMPC diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 were retrieved from the NCDB.Log-rank test was performed to evaluate associations of clinical characteristics with overall survival(OS).Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine variables associated with OS.Results:Overall,2660 patients with IMPC met the selection criteria;the 5-year OS rate was 87.5%and 24.9%of patients had nodal involvement at presentation.Patients with≥4 positive lymph nodes had shorter OS than node-negative patients,whereas patients with 1-3 positive nodes had similar OS to node-negative patients.Age<65 years,receipt of radiotherapy,and estrogen receptor positivity were also associated with prolonged OS.The benefit of radiotherapy was limited to IMPC patients undergoing lumpectomy;there was no benefit for the patients undergoing mastectomy(regardless of nodal positivity/negativity).Conclusions:Favorable prognostic factors of IMPC patients included age<65 years,<4 positive lymph nodes,receipt of radiotherapy,and estrogen receptor positivity.The results presented herein suggest a survival benefit asso-ciated with radiotherapy in IMPC treatment,though this may be limited to the patients treated with lumpectomy. | Gary D.Lewis Yan Xing Waqar Haque Tejal Patel Mary Schwartz Albert Chen Andrew Farach Sandra S.Hatch E.Brian Butler Jenny Chang Bin S.Teh | 2019 | Cancer Communications2019，39，1： | 7 |
| 7 | DOTAP脂质体介导VEGF基因转染人脂肪干细胞及目的基因的表达显示文摘目的:研究脂质体介导的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因转染人脂肪干细胞(hASCs)及VEGF的表达。方法:胶原酶消化吸脂术脂肪,收获细胞沉淀,培养至第4代时利用流式细胞术检测细胞表型,并诱导其成脂成骨分化,鉴定为hASCs。转染组利用DOTAP脂质体将pIRES2-EGFP-VEGF质粒转入hASCs,对照组为脂质体空载。免疫荧光染色检测hASCs内VEGF的表达,ELISA检测上清液中VEGF浓度的变化。结果:1ml吸脂术脂肪可得到(4.38±0.21)×10^5个细胞,第4代时hASCs高表达CD90(81.49%),低表达CD19(6.37%)、CD31(14.91%)、CD34(17.56%)和CD45(15.39%),诱导分化后油红O和茜素红染色均呈阳性。分光光度计显示质粒DNA浓度为595ng/μl。转染组hASCs表达GFP和VEGF,转染效率为(43.69±18.53)%;对照组不表达GFP,但表达较低的VEGF。转染组VEGF的光密度是对照组的2.13倍,其上清液中的VEGF浓度随时间显著上升,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:DOTAP脂质体可成功将pIRES2-EGFP-VEGF质粒转入hASCs,转染后的VEGF表达和分泌水平显著提高。 | 陈犹白 张启旭 Butler C E 吴叶文 张丽萍 董江陵 陈聪慧 韩岩 | 2016 | 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志2016，30，12： | 6 |
| 8 | Emergency department procedural sedation for primary electrical cardioversion — a comparison with procedural sedations for other reasons显示文摘BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia treated in the emergency department(ED), with primary electrical cardioversion(PEC) the preferred method of rhythm control. Anecdotally, patients undergoing ED procedural sedation(EDPS) for PEC differ from those requiring EDPS for other procedures: they are at higher risk of adverse events, and require fewer drugs and lower doses. We attempt to verify this using an EDPS registry at a Canadian, tertiary care teaching hospital.METHODS: This is a retrospective review of patients that underwent EDPS for the period of June 2006 to September 2014. We compared demographics, medication use and intra-procedural adverse events between those receiving EDPS for PEC for AF compared to that for other indications. We report the asssociation between AEs and predictors using logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 4 867 patients were included, 714 for PEC for AF and 4 153 for other indications. PEC patients were more likely male(58.5% vs. 47.1%), older(59.5 years vs. 48.1 years), and less likely to be ASA I(46.6% vs. 69.0%). PEC patients received smaller doses of propofol and less likely to receive adjuvant analgesic therapy(11.5% vs. 78.2%). PEC patients were more likely to experience hypotension(27.6% vs. 16.5%) but respiratory AEs(apnea, hypoxia and airway intervention) were not different.CONCLUSION: EDPS for PEC differs from that conducted for other purposes: patients tend to be less healthy, receive smaller doses of medication and more likely to suffer hypotension without an increase in respiratory AEs. These factors should be considered when performing EDPS. | Michael Butler Patrick Froese Peter Zed George Kovacs Robert Mac Kinley Kirk Magee Mary-Lynn Watson Samuel G.Campbell | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，3： | 6 |
| 9 | Mechanical and cellular processes driving cervical myelopathy显示文摘Cervical myelopathy is a well-described clinical syndrome that may evolve from a combination of etiological mechanisms. It is traditionally classified by cervical spinal cord and/or nerve root compression which varies in severity and number of levels involved. The vast array of clinical manifestations of cervical myelopathy cannot fully be explained by the simple concept that a narrowed spinal canal causes compression of the cord, local tissue ischemia, injury and neurological impairment. Despite advances in surgical technology and treatment innovations, there are limited neuro-protective treatments for cervical myelopathy, which reflects an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in this disease. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the key pathophysiological processes at play in the development of cervical myelopathy. | Roisin T Dolan Joseph S Butler John M O'Byrne Ashley R Poynton | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，1： | 5 |
| 10 | Endothelial progenitor cells:Exploring the pleiotropic effects of statins显示文摘Statins have become a cornerstone of risk modification for ischaemic heart disease patients. A number of studies have shown that they are effective and safe. However studies have observed an early benefit in terms of a reduction in recurrent infarct and or death after a myocardial infarction,prior to any significant change in lipid profile. Therefore,pleiotropic mechanisms,other than lowering lipid profile alone,must account for this effect. One such proposed pleiotropic mechanism is the ability of statins to augment both number and function of endothelial progenitor cells. The ability to augment repair and maintenance of a functioning endothelium may have profound beneficial effect on vascular repair and potentially a positive impact on clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. The following literature review will discuss issues surrounding endothelial progenitor cell(EPC) identification,role in vascular repair,factors affecting EPC numbers,the role of statins in current medical practice and their effects on EPC number. | Kully Sandhu Mamas Mamas Robert Butler | 2017 | World Journal of Cardiology2017，9，1： | 5 |
| 11 | 咽鼓管功能障碍定义、类型、临床表现及诊断的共识声明显示文摘1引言 英国NIHR卫生技术评估(HTA)计划发表的咽鼓管功能障碍治疗的系统回顾性研究指出,目前缺乏咽鼓管功能障碍统一的定义和诊断标准,推进这一领域研究进展的关键是针对咽鼓管功能障碍的诊断标准和重要临床结果达成共识。因此,2014年06月21日在荷兰阿姆斯特丹召开了由咽鼓管功能障碍领域的医学专家和科学家们参加的研讨会,旨在针对咽鼓管功能障碍的定义、临床表现、诊断及未来研究领域等方面达成共识。本文针对本次会议讨论结果总结如下。 | Schilder AG Bhutta MF Butler CC Holy C Levine LH Kvaerner KJ Norman G Pennings RJ Poe D Silvola JT Sudhoff H Lund VJ 翻曲腾飞 龚树生 | 2015 | 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学)2015，30，6： | 5 |
| 12 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 13 | Successful surgical management of ruptured umbilical hernias in cirrhotic patients显示文摘Acute umbilical hernia rupture in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites is an unusual,but potentially lifethreatening complication,with postoperative morbidity about 70% and mortality between 60%-80% after supportive care and 6%-20% after urgent surgical repair.Management options include primary surgical repair with or without concomitant portal venous system decompression for the control of the ascites.We present a retrospective analysis of our centre's experience over the last 6 years.Our cohort consisted of 11 consecutive patients(median age:53 years,range:36-63 years) with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites.Appropriate patient resuscitation and optimisation with intravenous fluids,prophylactic antibiotics and local measures was instituted.One failed attempt for conservative management was followed by a successful primary repair.In all cases,with one exception,a primary repair with non-absorbable Nylon,interrupted sutures,without mesh,was performed.The perioperative complication rate was 25% and the recurrence rate 8.3%.No mortality was recorded.Median length of hospital stay was 14 d(range:4-31 d).Based on our experience,the management of ruptured umbilical hernias in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites is feasible without the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt routinely in the preoperative period,provided that meticulous patient optimisation is performed. | Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias J Andrew Bradley Simon Harper Andrew Butler Asif Jah Emmanuel Huguet Raaj K Praseedom Michael Allison Paul Gibbs | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，10： | 4 |
| 14 | 基于Medipix的谱微CT(英文)显示文摘自从几十年前豪斯菲尔德因其突破性工作而赢得诺贝尔奖以来,X线CT已经被广泛的应用到了临床前以及临床应用,并产生了海量的灰度断层图像。由于其固有的光子计数问题涉及到较高的辐射剂量,这些灰度断层图像的软组织对比度差,经常难以提供一些关键性的细节而满足诊断的需要。从物理的角度来看,X线的谱是多能的,获得多能CT(亦被称为谱CT,真彩色CT)图像是可行的。这种谱图像提供了强有力的新诊断信息。近年来,新兴的Medipix技术提供了一种准确而快速的高分辨率能量选择的X线检测技术。本文将以我们小组的研究结果为重点来综述基于Medipix的谱微CT的研究进展。主要内容包括:先进的MediPix检测器,商业化MARS谱微CT的系统与方法,以及混合谱微CT的设计以及彩色扩散现象。 | James Bennett Raja Amir Bruce Dobbs 牟轩沁 魏彪 Anthony Butler Phillip Butler | 2012 | CT理论与应用研究(中英文)2012，21，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Long-term outcome of a moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy approach using an endorectal balloon for patients with localized prostate cancer显示文摘Background:Technical advances in radiotherapy delivery have simultaneously enabled dose escalation and enhanced bladder and rectal sparing.However,the optimal radiation fractionation regimen for localized prostate cancer is unclear.Laboratory and clinical evidence suggest that hypofractionation may improve the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.We report our institutional outcomes using moderately hypofractionated,intensity-modulated radio-therapy(IMRT),and an endorectal balloon,with emphasis on long-term biochemical control and treatment-related adverse events in patients with localized prostate cancer.Methods:Between January 1997 and April 2004,596 patients with cT1-T3 prostate cancer underwent IMRT using a moderate hypofractionation regimen(76.70 Gy at 2.19 Gy/fraction)with an endorectal balloon.Using D’Amico clas-sification,226(37.9%),264(44.3%),and 106(17.8%)patients had low-,intermediate-,or high-risk disease,respectively.The majority of intermediate-and high-risk patients received androgen deprivation therapy.Biochemical relapse-free survival(bRFS)was evaluated using 2005 Phoenix criteria and estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The median follow-up was 62 months.Overall 5-and 10-year bRFS rates were 92.7%and 87.7%.For low-,intermediate-,and high-risk patients,the 5-year bRFS rates were 96.9%,93.3%,and 82.0%,respectively;the 10-year bRFS rates were 91.4%,89.3%,and 76.2%,respectively.Prostate-specific antigen,Gleason score,and T stage were significant predictors of bRFS(all P<0.01).The 5-year rates of severe(≥Grade 3)adverse events were very low:1.2%for gastrointestinal events and 1.1%for genitourinary events.Conclusions:Long-term outcomes after moderately hypofractionated IMRT are encouraging.Moderate hypofrac-tionation represents a safe,efficacious,alternative regimen in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. | Bin S.Teh Gary D.Lewis Weiyuan Mai Ramiro Pino Hiromichi Ishiyama Edward Brian Butler | 2018 | Cancer Communications2018，38，1： | 4 |
| 16 | 氨基酸DLH及其稀土镧配合物的高压红外和拉曼光谱研究显示文摘测定了DL-2-氨基-4-磺酸基-丁酸[DLH,DL-Homocysteicacid,(NH3+)-CH(COOH)-(CH2)2-SO3-]及其稀土La配合物[La(DLH)2Cl3·H2O=LaL2]在不同压力下的红外和拉曼光谱。DLH在50kbar左右压力以下存在两个压力诱导相转变区,它们分别在17和37kbar左右,两者均为二级相转变,认为分子间氢键的存在是出现两个压力诱导相转变区的原因。在红外光谱中,SO3-的对称伸缩振动的压力灵敏度(dν/dp)表现出与其他振动模式不同的变化趋势,它们在低压相区的平均压力灵敏度为0.30cm-1·(kbar)-1、中压相区为0.32cm-1.(kbar)-1、高压相区为0.41cm-1·(kbar)-1,低压相区与高压相区的比值为0.72,而其他振动模式刚好相反,低压相区与高压相区的比值为4.8。稀土La配合物LaL2的生成,改变了分子间的氢键,在50kbar左右压力以下只观察到1个压力诱导相转变区(27kbar附近)。在红外光谱中,配合物LaL2中SO3-的反对称伸缩振动的压力灵敏度(dν/dp)也表现出与其他振动模式不同的变化趋势,它们在低压相区的平均压力灵敏度与高压相区的平均压力灵敏度的比值为0.43,而其他振动模式的比值为2.5。 | 李维红 许振华 吴瑾光 Butler I S | 2005 | 光谱学与光谱分析2005，25，9： | 4 |
| 17 | High sensitivity and high selectivity terahertz biomedical imaging显示文摘We demonstrate two distinct emerging terahertz (THz) biomedical imaging techniques.One is based on the use of a new single frequency THz quantum cascade laser and the other is based on broadband THz time domain spectrocopy.The first method is employed to derive a metastasis lung tissue imaging at 3.7 THz with clear contrast between cancerous and healthy areas.The second approach is used to study an osseous tissue under several imaging modalities and achieve full THz spectroscopic imaging based on the frequency domain or on a fixed THz propagation time-delay.Sufficient contrast is achieved which facilitated the identification of regions with different cellular types and density compositions. | Seongsin M.Kim William Baughman David S.Wilbert Lee Butler Michael Bolus Soner Balci Patrick Kung | 2011 | Chinese Optics Letters2011，9，11： | 4 |
| 18 | Putting things in place for fertilization: discovering roles for importin proteins in cell fate and spermatogenesis显示文摘Importin 蛋白质原来通过原子毛孔在蛋白质运输为他们的中央角色被描绘,唯一的细胞内部的入口到原子核。这个重要函数必须紧被调整由抄写因素和另外的原子蛋白质控制存取到 genomic DNA,到完成细胞的行为影响的适当调整房间命运。调停 Importin 的 nucleocytoplasmic 运输依靠他们货物的特定的识别,与到不同、重叠的蛋白质子集的每 importin 绑定。importin 功能的知识关于三个关键发展系统实质地膨胀了:胚胎的干细胞,肌肉房间和细菌排队。自从为调整 nucleocytoplasmic 运输的潜力被建议贡献精子发生,在十年,我们和其它证明了进原子核的渡船抄写因素执行的 importins 另外的角色,它控制房间命运。这评论从哺乳动物的精子发生的研究介绍关键调查结果揭示男富饶和不孕由产生的潜在的新小径。germline 开始的这些研究照亮 importin 蛋白质在管理细胞的区别的新方法,经由指导到不同细胞内部的分隔空间并且由决定细胞的压力回答的蛋白质包括。 | Kate L Loveland Andrew T Major Romaly Butler Julia C Young David A Jan Yoichi Miyamoto | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Autologous mesenchymal stem cell-mediated repair of tendon显示文摘 | Awad HA Butler DL Boivin GP | | 0，，： | 3 |
| 20 | Control of stem cell fate by engineering their micro and nanoenvironment显示文摘Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine. | Michelle F Griffin Peter E Butler Alexander M Seifalian Deepak M Kalaskar | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 3 |
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