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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Current status and future directions显示文摘Gastroparesis, or symptomatic delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, is a challenging and increasingly identified syndrome. Medical options are limited and the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of gastroparesis is metoclopramide, although other agents are frequently used off label. With this caveat, first-line treatments for gastroparesis include dietary modifications, antiemetics and promotility agents, although these therapies are limited by suboptimal efficacy and significant medication side effects. Treatment of patients that fail first-line treatments represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have led to the development of a promising novel endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis via endoscopic pyloromyotomy, also referred to as gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy or per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy. The aim of this article is to review the technical aspects of the per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure for the treatment of gastroparesis, provide an overview of the currently published literature, and outline potential next directions for the field. | Alexander Podboy Joo Ha Hwang Linda A Nguyen Patricia Garcia Thomas A Zikos Afrin Kamal George Triadafilopoulos John O Clarke | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，21： | 3 |
| 3 | Symposia Report Immunoglobulin G for the Treatment of Chronic Pain:Report of an Expert Workshop显示文摘背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,专家们出示了免疫系统参与慢性疼痛的证据。近来的研究表明,静脉(IVIg)或皮下(SCIg)注射免疫调节药物——多价免疫球蛋白(Ig G)可缓解外周神经病理性疼痛和其他疼痛性疾病。专题会议讨论了IVIg和SCIg治疗的适应证、效价比及其副作用。结果:Ig G可缓解某些伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛,如糖尿病、干燥综合征、纤维肌痛症、复杂性区域疼痛综合征、小儿麻痹后遗症和继发于病理性自身抗体的疼痛。结论:Ig G对某些慢性疼痛具有一定的治疗前景。Ig G是一种相对安全的治疗方法,副作用少而轻,但价格较贵。今后有必要对Ig G治疗顽固性疼痛进行随机对照研究和预测性临床试验。 | Stefano Tamburin Kristian Borg Xavier J. Caro Stefano Jann Alexander J. Clark Francesca Magrinelli Gen Sobue Lars Werhagen Giampietro Zanette Haruki Koike Peter J. Spath Angela Vincent Andreas Goebel | 2014 | 中国疼痛医学杂志2014，20，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Bioassay for estimating the biogenic methane-generating potential of coal samples显示文摘 | Elizabeth J.P. Jones Mary A. Voytek Peter D. Warwick Margo D. Corum Alexander Cohn Joseph E. Bunnell Arthur C. Clark William H. Orem | 2008 | International Journal of Coal Geology2008，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Angiographic management of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas:clinical results显示文摘 | CLARK R A GALLANT T E ALEXANDER E S | 1983 | Radiology1983，147，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Mucosectomy With Handsewn Anastomosis Reduces the Risk of Adenoma Formation in the Anorectal Segment After Restorative Proctocolectomy for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis显示文摘 | Alexander C. von Roon Olivia C. C. Will Ripple F. Man Kay F. Neale Robin K. S. Phillips R. John Nicholls Susan K. Clark Paris P. Tekkis | 2011 | Annals of Surgery2011，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Angiographic management of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas:clinical results显示文摘 | Clark RA Gallant TE Alexander ES | 1983 | Radiology1983，147，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Post-Shunt Resource Consumption Favors Small-Diameter Prosthetic H-Graft Portacaval Shunt Over TIPS for Patients With Poor Hepatic Reserve显示文摘 | Alexander S. Rosemurgy Emmanuel E. Zervos Mark Bloomston Alan J. Durkin Whalen C. Clark Stephanie Goff | 2003 | Annals of Surgery2003，，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Evidence for non-traditional activation of complement factor C3 during murine liver regeneration显示文摘 | Amelia Clark Alexander Weymann Eric Hartman Yumirle Turmelle Michael Carroll Joshua M. Thurman V. Michael Holers Dennis E. Hourcade David A. Rudnick | 2008 | Molecular Immunology2008，，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Primary balloon expandable polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stenting of focal infrarenal aortic occlusive disease显示文摘 | Rutger C.G. Bruijnen Frederike A.B. Grimme Alexander D. Horsch Jacques A. Van Oostayen Clark J. Zeebregts Michel M.P.J. Reijnen | 2012 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2012，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Cost - effectiveness of lowering blood pressure with a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an ADVANCE trial - based analysis 显示文摘 | Glasziou PP Clarke P Alexander J | 2010 | Med J Aust2010，193，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Angiographic management of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas:clinic results显示文摘 | Clark RA Gallant TE Alexander ES | 1983 | Radiology1983，147，： | 1 |
| 13 | Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Are Associated with Both Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding显示文摘 | C. Mel Wilcox Lorraine N. Alexander George A. Cotsonis W. Scott Clark | 1997 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1997，，5： | 1 |
| 14 | The Impact of Technical Factors on Outcome of Restorative Proctocolectomy for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis显示文摘 | Alexander C. Roon Paris P. Tekkis Susan K. Clark Alexander G. Heriot Richard E. Lovegrove Simona Truvolo R. John Nicholls Robin K. S. Phillips | 2007 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum2007，，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Minocycline reduces neuronal death and attenuates microglial response after pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest 显示文摘 | Tang M Alexander H Clark RS | 2010 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab2010，30，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Surgical Shunting versus Transjugular Intrahepatic Portasystemic Shunting for Bleeding Varices Resulting from Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis: A Meta-Analysis显示文摘 | Clark Whalen Hernandez Jonathan McKeon Brianne Villadolid Desiree Al-Saadi Sam Mullinax John Ross Sharona B Rosemurgy Alexander S | 2010 | The American Surgeon2010，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Chemoembolization and Bland Embolization of Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases to the Liver显示文摘 | Alexander T. Ruutiainen Michael C. Soulen Catherine M. Tuite Timothy W.I. Clark Jeffrey I. Mondschein S. William Stavropoulos Scott O. Trerotola | 2007 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2007，，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Provisions for Health and Health Care in the Constitutions of the Countries of the World显示文摘 | Eleanor D Kinney Brian Alexander Clark | 2004 | Cornell International Law Journal2004，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Fronto‐temporal alterations within the first 200 ms during an attentional task distinguish major depression, non‐clinical participants with depressed mood and healthy controls: A potential biomarker?显示文摘 | Andrew. H. Kemp Patrick J. Hopkinson Daniel F. Hermens Donald L. Rowe Alexander L. Sumich C. Richard Clark Wilhelmus Drinkenburg Nadia Abdi Rebecca Penrose Alexander McFarlane Philip Boyce Evian Gordon Leanne M. Williams | 2008 | Hum Brain Mapp2008，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Stezowskio Chiral discrimination in cyelodextrin complexes of amino acid deriva tires:β cyclodextrin/N acetyl- L- phenylalanine and N-acetyl- Dphenylalanine complexes显示文摘 | Alexander JM Clark JL Brett TJ | 2002 | PNAS2002，99，8： | 1 |
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