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| 1 | Passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and assessment of clinical outcomes显示文摘AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(< 6 mo and > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respectively, P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Passive expansion of sm TIPS does occur but clinical outcomes of sm TIPS and m TIPS were similar. Sub-maximal dilation can prevent complications related to overshunting in select patients. | Michael C Hsu Charles N Weber S William Stavropoulos Timothy W Clark Scott O Trerotola Richard D Shlansky Goldberg Michael C Soulen Gregory J Nadolski | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，12： | 11 |
| 2 | Introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is well established in Asia as a modality for selected advancedlesions of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, but ESD has not attained the same niche in the West due to a variety of reasons. These include competition from traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery and endoscopic mucosal resection. Other obstacles to ESD introduction in the West include time commitment for learning and doing procedures, a steep learning curve, special equipment, lack of mentors, cost issues, interdisciplinary conflicts, concern regarding complications and lack of support from institutions and interfacing departments. There are intrinsic differences in pathology prevalence(e.g., early gastric cancer) between the two regions that are less conducive for ESD implementation in the West. We will elaborate on these issues and suggest measures as well as a protocol to overcome these obstacles and hopefully allow introduction of ESD as a tenable option for appropriate patients. | David Friedel Stavros Nicholas Stavropoulos | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，10： | 9 |
| 3 | Per-oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: An American perspective显示文摘Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder characterized by the selective loss of enteric neurons leading to absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.Per-oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM) is a novel modality for the treatment of achalasia performed by gastroenterologists and surgeons.It represents a natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) approach to Heller myotomy.POEM has the minimal invasiveness of an endoscopic procedure that can duplicate results of the surgical Heller myotomy.POEM is conceptually similar to a surgical myotomy without the inherent external incisions and post-operative care associated with surgery.Initial high success and low complications rates promise a great future for this technique.In fact,POEM has been successfully performed on patients with end-stage achalasia as an initial treatment reserving esophagectomy for those without good response.The volume of POEMs performed worldwide has grown exponentially.In fact,surgeons who have performed Heller myotomy have embraced POEM as the preferred intervention for achalasia.However,the niche of POEM remains to be defined and long term results are awaited.We describe our experience with POEM having performed the first POEM outside of Japan in 2009,the evolution of our technique,and give our perspective on its future. | David Friedel Rani Modayil Shahzad Iqbal James H Grendell Stavros N Stavropoulos | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，9： | 8 |
| 4 | Systematic review of safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy including studies of radiation-free therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography显示文摘AIM To systematically review safety/efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) performed during pregnancy, considering fetal viability, fetal teratogenicity, premature delivery, and future postpartum development of the infant.METHODS Systematic computerized literature search performed using PubMed with the key words 'ERCP' and 'pregnancy'. Two clinicians independently reviewed the literature, and decided on which articles to incorporate in this review based on consensus and preassigned priorities. Large clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and controlled trials were assigned higher priority than review articles or small clinical series, and individual case reports were assigned lowest priority. Dr. Cappell has formal training and considerable experience in conducting systematic reviews, with 4 published systematic reviews in peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubM ed during the last 2 years, and with a PhD in neurophysiology that involved 5 years of training and research in biomedical statistics.RESULTS Advances in imaging modalities, including abdominal ultrasound, MRCP, and endoscopic ultrasound, have generally obviated the need for diagnostic ERCP in nonpregnant and pregnant patients. Clinical experience with performing ERCP during pregnancy is burgeoning, with > 500 cases of therapeutic ERCP reported in the literature, aside from a national registry study of 58 patients. These studies show that therapeutic ERCP has a very high rate of technical success in clearing the bile duct of gallstones, and has a relatively low and acceptable rate of maternal and fetal complications. The great majority of births after therapeutic ERCP are full-term, have normal birth weights, and are healthy. A recent trend is performing ERCP without radiation to eliminate radiation teratogenicity. Systematic literature review reveals 147 cases of ERCP without fluoroscopy in 8 clinical series. These studies demonstrate extremely high technical success in endoscopically removing choledocholithiasis, favorable maternal outcomes with rare maternal ERCP complications, and excellent fetal outcomes. ERCP without fluoroscopy generally confirms proper biliary cannulation by aspiration of yellow bile per sphincterotome or leakage of yellow bile around an inserted guide-wire.CONCLUSION This systematic literature review reveals ERCP is relatively safe and efficacious during pregnancy, with relatively favorable maternal and fetal outcomes after ERCP. Recommendations are provided about ERCP indications, special ERCP techniques during pregnancy, and prospects for future research. | Mitchell S Cappell Stavros Nicholas Stavropoulos David Friedel | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，10： | 8 |
| 5 | Per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Major advance in achalasia treatment and in endoscopic surgery显示文摘Per-oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)represents a natural orifice endoscopic surgery(NOTES)approach to laparoscopy Heller myotomy(LHM).POEM is arguably the most successful clinical application of NOTES.The growth of POEM from a single center in 2008 to approximately 60 centers worldwide in 2014 with several thousand procedures having been performed attests to the success of POEM.Initial efficacy,safety and acid reflux data suggest at least equivalence of POEM to LHM,the previous gold standard for achalasia therapy.Adjunctive techniques used in the West include impedance planimetry for real-time intraprocedural luminal assessment and endoscopic suturing for challenging mucosal defect closures during POEM.The impact of POEM extends beyond the realm of esophageal motility disorders as it is rapidly popularizing endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West and spawning offshoots that use the submucosal tunnel technique for a host of new indications ranging from resection of tumors to pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis. | David Friedel Rani Modayil Stavros N Stavropoulos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 7 |
| 6 | Current applications of endoscopic suturing显示文摘Endoscopic suturing had previously been considered an experimental procedure only performed in a few centers and often by surgeons. Now, however, endoscopic suturing has evolved sufficiently to be easily implemented during procedures and is more commonly used by gastroenterologists. We have employed the Apollo Over Stitch suturing device in a variety of ways including closure of perforations, closure of full thickness defects in the gastrointestinal wall created during endoscopic full thickness resection, closure of mucosotomies during peroral endoscopic myotomy, stent fixation, fistula closure, post endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic mucosal resection and Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery defect closures, post-bariatric surgery gastrojejunal anastomosis revision and primary sleeve gastroplasty. | Stavros N Stavropoulos Rani Modayil David Friedel | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，8： | 5 |
| 7 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A report from a single center显示文摘瞄准:在 laparoscopic 胆囊炎考察并且评估我们的经验。方法:回顾的分析在从经历了 laparoscopic 胆囊炎的 1220 个病人在一个 13 年的时期(1992-2005 ) 期间收集的数据上被执行。结果:死亡率是 0% 。全面患病率是 5.08%(n = 62 ) ,与从损害产生到胆汁的树和膀胱的动脉的最严肃的复杂并发症。在 23 (1.88%) 案例,胆囊炎不能 laparoscopically 被完成,操作被变换成一个开的过程。尽管病人作为天外科案例被安排,医院停留的平均持续时间是 2.29 d,当有延长医院停留的复杂案例在计算被包括。结论:Laparoscopic 胆囊炎是有病人的有利结果的一种安全、最低限度地侵略的技术。 | Konstantinos Vagenas Stavros N Karamanakos Charalambos Spyropoulos Spyros Panagiotopoulos Menelaos Karanikolas Michalis Stavropoulos | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，24： | 5 |
| 8 | EUS-guided biliary drainage by using a standardized approach for malignant biliary obstruction: rendezvous versus direct transluminal techniques (with videos)显示文摘 | Mouen A. Khashab Ali Kord Valeshabad Rani Modayil Jessica Widmer Payal Saxena Mehak Idrees Shahzad Iqbal Anthony N. Kalloo Stavros N. Stavropoulos | 2013 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，，： | 4 |
| 9 | Burgeoning study of sentinel-node analysis on management of early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)represents an organ-preserving alternative to surgical resection of early gastric cancer.However,even with ESD yielding en-bloc resection specimens,there are concerns regarding tumor spread such as with larger lesions,ulcerated lesions,undifferentiated pathology and submucosal invasion.Sentinel node navigational surgery(SNNS)when combined with ESD offers a minimally invasive alternative to the traditional extended gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy if lack of lymph node spread can be confirmed.This would have a clear advantage in terms of potential complications and quality of life.However,SNNS,though useful in other malignancies such as breast cancer and melanoma,may not have a sufficient sensitivity for malignancy and negative predictive value in EGC to justify this as standard practice after ESD.The results of SNNS may improve with greater standardization and more involved dissection,technological innovations and more experience and validation such that the paradigm for post-ESD resection of EGC may change and include SNNS. | David Friedel Xiaocen Zhang Stavros Nicholas Stavropoulos | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2020，12，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Outcomes of Endoscopic-Ultrasound-Guided Cholangiopancreatography: A Literature Review显示文摘 | Shahzad Iqbal David M. Friedel James H. Grendell Stavros N. Stavropoulos Everson L. A. Artifon | 2013 | Gastroenterology Research and Practice2013，，： | 3 |
| 11 | Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the pregnant woman显示文摘About 20000 gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed annually in America in pregnant women. Gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy raises the critical issue of fetal safety in addition to patient safety. Endoscopic medications may be potentially abortifacient or teratogenic. Generally, Food and Drug Administration category B or C drugs should be used for endoscopy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) seems to be relatively safe for both mother and fetus based on two retrospective studies of 83 and 60 pregnant patients. The diagnostic yield is about 95% when EGD is performed for gastrointestinal bleeding. EGD indications during pregnancy include acute gastrointestinal bleeding, dysphagia > 1 wk, or endoscopic therapy. Therapeutic EGD is experimental due to scant data, but should be strongly considered for urgent indications such as active bleeding. One study of 48 sigmoidoscopies performed during pregnancy showed relatively favorable fetal outcomes, rare bad fetal outcomes, and bad outcomes linked to very sick mothers. Sigmoidoscopy should be strongly considered for strong indications,including significant acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, distal colonic stricture, suspected inflammatory bowel disease flare, and potential colonic malignancy. Data on colonoscopy during pregnancy are limited. One study of 20 pregnant patients showed rare poor fetal outcomes. Colonoscopy is generally experimental during pregnancy, but can be considered for strong indications: known colonic mass/stricture, active lower gastrointestinal bleeding, or colonoscopic therapy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) entails fetal risks from fetal radiation exposure. ERCP risks to mother and fetus appear to be acceptable when performed for ERCP therapy, as demonstrated by analysis of nearly 350 cases during pregnancy. Justifiable indications include symptomatic or complicated choledocholithiasis, manifested by jaundice, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis, or dilated choledochus. ERCP should be performed by an expert endoscopist, with informed consent about fetal radiation risks, minimizing fetal radiation exposure, and using an attending anesthesiologist. Endoscopy is likely most safe during the second trimester of pregnancy. | David Friedel Stavros Stavropoulos Shahzad Iqbal Mitchell S Cappel | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，5： | 3 |
| 12 | Per-oral endoscopic myotomy white paper summary显示文摘 | Stavros N. Stavropoulos David J. Desilets Karl-Hermann Fuchs Christopher J. Gostout Gregory Haber Haruhiro Inoue Michael L. Kochman Rani Modayil Thomas Savides Daniel J. Scott Lee L. Swanstrom Melina C. Vassiliou | 2014 | Surgical Endoscopy2014，，7： | 2 |
| 13 | 木材加工残余作为替代燃料的节能分析显示文摘在一纸板生产车间,木材残渣(树皮和碎片)用来取代传统燃料液化石油气。这种装置由燃油锅炉和残渣干燥器组成,都以树渣为燃料。文章列举了应用这种装置带来的积极的环境效益和经济效益。 | Stavropoulos GG Skodras G 欧盟能源技术促进组织OPET中国〈杭州〉项目组 | 2004 | 能源工程2004，，3： | 2 |
| 14 | A new hybrid Genetic Algorithm for global optilnization显示文摘 | Sotiropoulos D G Stavropoulos E C | 1997 | Nonlinear Analysis Theory Methods and Applications1997，30，7： | 1 |
| 15 | The Swislithoclast:an ideal intracorporeal lithotripter显示文摘 | Kostakopoulos A Stavropoulos NJ Picramenos D | 1995 | Urol Int1995，55，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Pemphigus vegetans confined to the scalp 显示文摘 | Danopoulou I Stavropoulos P Stratigos A | 2006 | Int J Dermatol2006，45，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms 显示文摘 | Baum RA Stavropoulos SW Fairman RM | 2003 | J Vase Interv Radiol2003，14，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Treatment of peri-implantitis by the Vector system 显示文摘 | Karring ES Stavropoulos A Ellegaard B | 2005 | Clin Oral Im- plants Res2005，16，3： | 1 |
| 19 | The Swiss lithoclast: an ideal intracorporeal lithotripter显示文摘 | Kostakopoulos A Stavropoulos NJ Picramenos D | 1995 | Urol Int1995，55，1： | 1 |
| 20 | An investigation of quality in CO2 laser cutting of aluminum显示文摘 | A Stournaras P Stavropoulos K Salonitis | 2009 | CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology2009，2，1： | 1 |
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