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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | 经颅多普勒超声(TCD)的实践标准——第2部分:临床适应证和预期结果显示文摘引言:经颅多普勒(transcranial Doppler,TCD)已被证实为一种安全有效的生理学超声检查技术。尽管成像设备可以在结构影像的基础上显示颅内血流,但成像性双功能超声或非成像性TCD检查提供的最终结果是通过频谱波形来评价生理学血流参数。总结概要:多学科专家小组确定的TCD临床适应证包括:镰状细胞病、恼缺血、右向左分流(right—to—left shunt,RLS)、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑死亡以及围手术期或术中监测。TCD检查可常规应用于住院或门诊患者的一些临床实践活动:通过完整或部分TCD检查以检测正常、狭窄或闭塞的颅内血管和侧支循环来判断动脉闭塞位置,并进一步完善颈动脉超声或无创性血管造影结果;通过血管运动反应性检查来识别首发或复发性卒中的高危患者;通过栓子监测对脑栓塞进行实时检查、定位和量化;在怀疑反常性栓塞或考虑分流封堵术治疗的患者中进行RLS检测;对溶栓治疗进行监测以促进血管再通和检测再闭塞;在血管内支架置入术、颈动脉内膜切除术和心脏外科手术中进行监测以发现围手术期栓塞、血栓形成、低灌注或高灌注。结论:通过界定实践范围,这些标准将在TCD检查的申请、检查和评价过程中给开申请单的医生、发报告的医生以及第三方提供帮助。 | Andrei V. Alexandrov Michael A. Sloan Charles H. Tegeler David N. Newell Alan Lumsden Zsolt Garami Christopher R. Levy Lawrence K.S. Wong Colleen Douville Manfred Kaps 李海峰(译) 李宏(译) 李展秀(译) | 2012 | 国际脑血管病杂志2012，20，1： | 28 |
| 3 | Combining computer vision and deep learning to enable ultra-scale aerial phenotyping and precision agriculture:A case study of lettuce production显示文摘Aerial imagery is regularly used by crop researchers,growers and farmers to monitor crops during the growing season.To extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images collected from the field,high-throughput phenotypic analysis solutions are required,which not only produce high-quality measures of key crop traits,but also support professionals to make prompt and reliable crop management decisions.Here,we report AirSurf,an automated and open-source analytic platform that combines modern computer vision,up-to-date machine learning,and modular software engineering in order to measure yield-related phenotypes from ultra-large aerial imagery.To quantify millions of in-field lettuces acquired by fixed-wing light aircrafts equipped with normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)sensors,we customised AirSurf by combining computer vision algorithms and a deep-learning classifier trained with over 100,000 labelled lettuce signals.The tailored platform,AirSurf-Lettuce,is capable of scoring and categorising iceberg lettuces with high accuracy(>98%).Furthermore,novel analysis functions have been developed to map lettuce size distribution across the field,based on which associated global positioning system(GPS)tagged harvest regions have been identified to enable growers and farmers to conduct precision agricultural practises in order to improve the actual yield as well as crop marketability before the harvest. | Alan Bauer Aaron George Bostrom Joshua Ball Christopher Applegate Tao Cheng Stephen Laycock Sergio Moreno Rojas Jacob Kirwan Ji Zhou | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Osteoporosis in primary biliary cholangitis显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease with multiple debilitating complications. Osteoporosis is a common complication of PBC resulting in frequent fractures and leading to significant morbidity in this population, yet evidence for effective therapy is lacking. We sought to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in PBC, as well as current and emerging therapies in order to guide future research directions. A complete search with a comprehensive literature review was performed with studies from Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane database, and the Countway Library. Osteoporosis in PBC is driven primarily by decreased bone formation, which differs from the increased bone resorption seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Despite this fundamental difference, current treatment recommendations are based primarily on experience with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Trials specific to PBC-related osteoporosis are small and have not consistently demonstrated a benefit in this population. As it stands, prevention of osteoporosis in PBC relies on the mitigation of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, as well as encouraging a healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise. The primary medical intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis in PBC remains bisphosphonates though a benefit in terms of fracture reduction has never been shown. This review outlines what is known regarding the pathogenesis of bone disease in PBC and summarizes current and emerging therapies. | Christopher J Danford Hirsh D Trivedi Konstantinos Papamichael Elliot B Tapper Alan Bonder | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，31： | 13 |
| 5 | Natatanuran frogs used the Indian Plate to step-stone disperse and radiate across the Indian Ocean显示文摘Investigating the evolutionary history of widespread higher taxa, subjected to multiple tectonic events, can provide evidence for or against various palaeogeographical models of early Earth history (1,2)Contemporary biotic distributions have been strongly influenced by events associated with the breakup of Gondwana into present-day Africa,Antarctica, Australia, South America,Madagascar and India, during the Late Mesozoic and Early Palaeogene (2)The fragmentation of Gondwana and subsequent tectonic drift ultimately allowed biotic exchanges between Laurasia and Gondwana [2,3], influencing the global distributions of many taxa. | Zhi-Yong Yuan Bao-Lin Zhang Christopher J.Raxworthy David W.Weisrock Paul M.Hime Jie-Qiong Jin Emily M.Lemmon Alan R.Lemmon Sean D.Holland Michelle L.Kortyna Wei-Wei Zhou Min-Sheng Peng Jing Che Elizabeth Prendini | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Gonghuan Yang Yu Wang Yixin Zeng George F Gao Xiaofeng Liang Maigeng Zhou Xia Wan Shicheng Yu Yuhong Jiang Mohsen Naghavi Theo Vos Haidong Wang Alan D Lopez Christopher JL Murray | 2013 | The Lancet . 2013 (9882)2013，，9882： | 4 |
| 7 | Pathological Changes to the Subcortical Visual System and its Relationship to Visual Hallucinations in Dementia with Lewy Bodies显示文摘Introduction Recurrent complex visual hallucinations are a core clinical feature of dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB)and are typically well-formed,often consisting of figures,such as people or animals(1)Despite the profound impact upon patients and caregivers in DLB,the aetiopathology of visual hallucinations remains largely unknown.In this article we discuss the anatomy of the human visual system,hypotheses of the genesis of visual hallucinations in DLB,and imaging and neuropathological studies that have attempted to understand visual hallucinations on a functional and anatomical basis. | Daniel Erskine John-Paul Taylor Alan Thomas Daniel Collerton Ian McKeith Ahmad Khundakar Johannes Attems Christopher Morris | 2019 | Neuroscience Bulletin2019，35，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Gonghuan Yang Yu Wang Yixin Zeng George F Gao Xiaofeng Liang Maigeng Zhou Xia Wan Shicheng Yu Yuhong Jiang Mohsen Naghavi Theo Vos Haidong Wang Alan D Lopez Christopher JL Murray | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9882： | 3 |
| 9 | Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Gonghuan Yang Yu Wang Yixin Zeng George F Gao Xiaofeng Liang Maigeng Zhou Xia Wan Shicheng Yu Yuhong Jiang Mohsen Naghavi Theo Vos Haidong Wang Alan D Lopez Christopher JL Murray | 2013 | 2013 (9882)2013，，9882： | 3 |
| 10 | Chief Executive Officer Equity Incentives and Accounting Irregularities显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER S.ARMSTRONG ALAN D.JAGOLINZER DAVID F.LARCKER | 2010 | Journal of Accounting Research2010，，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study显示文摘 | Christopher JL Murray Alan D Lopez | 1997 | The Lancet . 1997 (9064)1997，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Randomised controlled trial of combined spinal epidural vs. spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: vasopressor requirements and cardiovascular changes显示文摘 | Alan JR Macfarlane Artur Pryn Kerry N Litchfield Fiona Bryden Steven Young Christopher Weir Elizabeth M McGrady | 2009 | European Journal of Anaesthesiology2009，，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data显示文摘 | Alan D Lopez Colin D Mathers Majid Ezzati Dean T Jamison Christopher JL Murray | 2006 | The Lancet . 2006 (9524)2006，，9524： | 2 |
| 14 | Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease显示文摘 | Majid Ezzati Alan D Lopez Anthony Rodgers Stephen Vander Hoorn Christopher JL Murray | 2002 | The Lancet2002，，9343： | 2 |
| 15 | 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline)显示文摘 | Thom W. Rooke Alan T. Hirsch Sanjay Misra Anton N. Sidawy Joshua A. Beckman Laura K. Findeiss Jafar Golzarian Heather L. Gornik Jonathan L. Halperin Michael R. Jaff Gregory L. Moneta Jeffrey W. Olin James C. Stanley Christopher J. White John V. White R. E | 2011 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2011，，： | 2 |
| 16 | Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and astigmatism: safety and efficacy显示文摘 | Alan Sugar Christopher J Rapuano William W Culbertson David Huang Gary A Varley Peter J Agapitos Vincent P de Luise Douglas D Koch | 2002 | Ophthalmology2002，，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Functional outcome following endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal humerus显示文摘 | Christopher P. Cannon Giovanni U. Paraliticci Patrick P. Lin Valerae O. Lewis Alan W. Yasko | 2009 | Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery2009，，5： | 2 |
| 18 | Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data显示文摘 | Alan D Lopez Colin D Mathers Majid Ezzati Dean T Jamison Christopher JL Murray | 2006 | 2006 (9524)2006，，9524： | 2 |
| 19 | Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography显示文摘 | Sherif F. Nagueh Christopher P. Appleton Thierry C. Gillebert Paolo N. Marino Jae K. Oh Otto A. Smiseth Alan D. Waggoner Frank A. Flachskampf Patricia A. Pellikka Arturo Evangelista | 2009 | Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography2009，，2： | 2 |
| 20 | Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis显示文摘 | Christopher JL Murray Lisa C Rosenfeld Stephen S Lim Kathryn G Andrews Kyle J Foreman Diana Haring Nancy Fullman Mohsen Naghavi Rafael Lozano Alan D Lopez | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9814： | 2 |
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