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| 1 | Heat Transfer and Energy Analysis of a Pusher Type Reheating Furnace Using Oxygen Enhanced Air for Combustion显示文摘Oxy-fuel firing is more energy efficient and environmental friendly than conventional air-fuel firing and its application to reheating furnaces has begun since 1990s.A computational method was presented to predict the steady heat transfer to the billets and temperature distribution in a continuous pusher type reheating furnace in which combustion air was enhanced by oxygen.Radiation heat flux calculated from the radiation heat exchange within the furnace was modeled using the FVM considering the effects of furnace walls and billets.Energy consumption per ton of steel,production rate and thermal efficiency of furnace,and trend of NOx emission in various levels of oxygen enrichment were investigated by comparing with baseline furnace(21% of O2 in air).The results showed that the best range of oxygen enrichments was between 21% and 45% by volume,as the higher slope of flame temperature and production increase occur in this range.The reduction of energy consumption can be obtained up to 18% per ton of steel for oxygen enrichment of 60% by volume. | Hamzeh Jafar Karimi Mohammad Hassan Saidi | 2010 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2010，17，4： | 7 |
| 2 | 氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛复合不同剂量舒芬太尼对小儿骨盆截骨矫形术后镇痛效果的比较显示文摘目的比较氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛复合不同剂量舒芬太尼对小儿骨盆截骨矫形术术后镇痛的效果,寻找适合小儿的术后镇痛模式。方法于我院小儿骨科选取拟于全麻下行骨盆截骨矫形术的3~10岁的先天性髋脱位病儿90例,将病儿随机分为N1、N2、N3共3组。3组切皮前均给予静脉注射氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg超前镇痛,病人自控镇痛(PCA)所用舒芬太尼的剂量分别为1.5、2.0、2.5μg/kg。PCA泵中昂丹司琼含量均为0.1mg/kg,加生理盐水至100mL。记录各组病儿在麻醉恢复室拔除气管插管时间,病儿术后2、4、8、12、24、48h的FLACC疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,术后48h内PCA按压次数以及恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果 3组病儿在恢复室的术后拔管时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。FLACC评分比较,术后4、8、12h,N2组、N3组低于N1组,N3组低于N2组,差异有统计学意义(F=3.664~84.558,P<0.05);术后24、48h,N3组低于N1组,差异有统计学意义(F=4.225、8.667,P<0.05)。Ramsay评分比较,术后4、8、12h,N2组和N3组高于N1组,差异有统计学意义(F=5.367~24.996,P<0.05);术后24、48h,N3组高于N1组,差异有统计学意义(F=14.073、6.074,P<0.05)。术后48h内PCA泵按压次数,N1组13次,N2组7次,N3组3次,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.410,P<0.05)。N3组术后48h内恶心、呕吐发生率高于N1组和N2组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.587,P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg超前镇痛复合舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg是一种理想的小儿骨盆截骨矫形术的PCA模式。 | Alvira Jafar Chowdhury 王瑞伟 王公明 王旭 张孟元 | 2017 | 齐鲁医学杂志2017，32，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Stability analysis of shallow tunnels subjected to eccentric loads by a boundary element method显示文摘In this paper, stress behavior of shallow tunnels under simultaneous non-uniform surface traction and symmetric gravity loading was studied using a direct boundary element method(BEM). The existing fullplane elastostatic fundamental solutions to displacement and stress fields were used and implemented in a developed algorithm. The cross-section of the tunnel was considered in circular, square, and horseshoe shapes and the lateral coefficient of the domain was assumed as unit quantity. Double-node procedure of the BEM was applied at the corners to improve the model including sudden traction changes. The results showed that the method used was a powerful tool for modeling underground openings under various external as well as internal loads. Eccentric loads significantly influenced the stress pattern of the surrounding tunnel. The achievements can be practically used in completing and modifying regulations for stability investigation of shallow tunnels. | Mehdi Panji Hamid Koohsari Mohammad Adampira Hamid Alielahi Jafar Asgari Marnani | 2016 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2016，8，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Occult hepatitis B virus infection and cryptogenic chronic hepatitis in an area with intermediate prevalence of HBV infection显示文摘瞄准:在伊朗的病人在长期的肝炎的致病估计秘密 HBV 感染的可能的角色。方法:在自体免疫、新陈代谢、病毒的病原学的排除以后,有 histologic 和长期的肝炎和否定 HBsAg 的生物化学的特征的 104 个连续成年病人在学习被注册。有 150 x 10 的敏感(3 ) 的质的 PCR copies/L,用二,为 Pre-S 和核心区域的教材被使用在病人的浆液测量 HBV DNA 的存在。结果:所有 104 个病人完成了学习。质的 HBV DNA 在二个病人(1.9%) 是积极的。结论:秘密 HBV 感染在伊朗的病人在起因不明的长期的肝炎的致病有可以忽略的角色。 | Mohammad Javad Kaviani Behzad Behbahani Mohammad Jafar Mosallaii Fatemeh Sari-Aslani Seyed Alireza Taghavi | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，31： | 6 |
| 5 | 有限负压下熔体硅中磷的挥发去除(英文)显示文摘对有限负压下熔体硅中磷的挥发去除进行研究。采用电子级硅配制Si-P合金,并采用GD-MS来检测实验前后硅中的磷含量。理论计算结果表明:在有限负压下,硅中的磷以P和P2的气体形式从熔体硅中挥发。实验结果显示:在温度1873K、真空度0.6-0.8Pa、熔炼3600s的条件下,熔体硅中的磷从0.046%(460ppmw)下降到0.001%(10ppmw)。实验结果与理论结果一致表明:当熔体硅中磷的含量大且炉腔内气压相对较高时,磷的去除与气压高度相关;而当炉腔气压很低时,磷的去除基本与气压无关。原因是在相对高磷含量的熔体硅中,磷主要以P2气体的形式挥发;在磷含量较低时,磷主要以单原子气体P的形式挥发。 | 郑淞生 Jafar SAFARIAN Seongho SEOK Sungwook KIM Merete TANGSTAD 罗学涛 | 2011 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2011，21，3： | 5 |
| 6 | Discontinuous rock slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium approaches–a review显示文摘Slope stability is one of the most important topics of engineering geology with a background of more than 300 years.So far,various stability assessment techniques have been developed which include a range of simple evaluations,planar failure,limit state criteria,limit equilibrium analysis,numerical methods,hybrid and high-order approaches which are implemented in two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)space.In the meantime,limit equilibrium methods due to their simplicity,short analysis time,coupled with probabilistic and statistics functions to estimate the safety factor(F.S),probable slip surface,application on different failure mechanisms,and varied geological conditions has been received special attention from researchers.The presented paper provides a review to limit equilibrium methods used for discontinuous rock slope stability analyses with different failure mechanisms of natural and cut slopes.The article attempted to provide a systematic review for rock slope stability analysis outlook based on limit equilibrium approaches. | Mohammad Azarafza Haluk Akgün Akbar Ghazifard Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Jafar Rahnamarad Reza Derakhshani | 2021 | International Journal of Digital Earth2021，14，12： | 5 |
| 7 | An estimation of the penetration rate of rotary drills using the Specific Rock Mass Drillability index显示文摘The main purpose of the present study was to provide a practical,convenient drillability prediction model based on rock mass characteristics,geological sampling from blast holes,and drill operational factors.Empirical equations that predict drill penetration rate have been developed using statistical analyses of data from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine.Seven parameters of the rock or rock mass,including uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) of the rock,Schmidt hammer hardness value,quartz content,fragment size(d80),alteration,and joint dip,are included in the model along with two operational parameters of the rotary drill,bit rotational speed and thrust.These parameters were used to predict values of the newly developed Specific Rock Mass Drillability(SRMD) index.Comparing measured SRMD values to those predicted by the multi-parameter linear,or nonlinear,regression models showed good agreement.The correlation coefficients were 0.82 and 0.81,respectively. | Cheniany Alireza Hasan Khoshrou Seyed Shahriar Kourosh Khademi Hamidi Jafar | 2012 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2012，22，2： | 5 |
| 8 | 活体异体结膜缘和羊膜移植治疗化学性眼外伤造成的角膜缘干细胞缺失(英文)显示文摘目的:评价利用活体异体结膜缘和羊膜移植治疗化学性眼外伤造成的角膜缘干细胞缺失的临床效果。方法:从2005-07/2007-12,本研究包括了9名男性化学性眼外伤患者(10眼)。所有患者接受了亲属活体异体结膜缘和羊膜移植,2例眼接受了睑缝术。用环孢菌素和泼尼松龙进行全身性免疫抑制。结果:在3例眼中观察到完全角膜上皮化(30%),其中1例在术后1.5mo出现免疫排斥,角膜溶解引起穿孔,加大全身性免疫抑制剂量来控制病情。3例眼中植片无法在角膜表面重新形成上皮,被定为原发性失败。其余4眼有部分上皮形成,但上皮细胞无法完全覆盖角膜表面。术前最佳矫正视力从手动到1m处数指,术后最佳矫正视力从光感到20/80。有5眼视力得到改进,不需其他治疗。手术失败的主要原因为干眼症和持续性炎症。结论:对于能控制泪量和眼部炎症的病例,亲属活体异体角膜缘和羊膜移植是治疗化学性眼外伤造成的角膜缘干细胞缺失最佳方法之一。 | Mehdi Hosseini Tehrani Asoo Ali Mahmoudi Hassan Hashe-mi Syed Jafar Oskouee Javad Amuzadeh Mohammad Taher Rajabi Masoomeh Taherzadeh Hamideh Shenazandi | 2008 | 国际眼科杂志2008，8，6： | 5 |
| 9 | Immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme by covalent attachment on modified cellulose microfibers using different chemical activation strategies:Characterization and stability studies显示文摘The plant cellulose powder was activated by two different methods using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether(BTDE)and 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole(CDI) as the chemical coupling agents.Organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) from Flavobacterium ATCC 27551 was immobilized on any of activated support through covalent bonding.The optimal conditions of affecting parameters on enzyme immobilization in both methods were found, and it was demonstrated that the highest activity yields of immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI treated cellulose were 68.32%and 73.51%, respectively.The surface treatment of cellulose via covalent coupling with BTDE and CDI agents was proved by FTIR analysis.The kinetic constants of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined, and it was showed that both immobilization techniques moderately increased the Kmvalue of the free OPH.The improvements in storage and thermal stability were investigated and depicted that the half-life of immobilized OPH over the surface of epoxy modified cellulose had a better growth compared to the free and immobilized enzymes onto CDI treated support.Also, the pH stability of the immobilized preparations was enhanced relative to the free counterpart and revealed that all enzyme samples would have the same optimum pH value for stability at 9.0.Additionally, the immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI activated cellulose retained about 59% and 68% of their initial activity after ten turns of batch operation, respectively.The results demonstrated the high performance of OPH enzyme in immobilized state onto an inexpensive support with the potential of industrial applications. | Meisam Sharifi Seyed-Mortaza Robatjazi Minoo Sadri Jafar Mohammadian Mosaabadi | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，1： | 5 |
| 10 | 未来绿色工厂显示文摘跨入新时代,绿色发展是我国生态文明建设的核心理念,也是制造业的必然趋势。我国需要大力发展绿色制造产业,而对绿色制造实施主体——绿色工厂进行研究,是引领制造业走向更高舞台的关键方向。通过对国内外绿色工厂的研究,总结了绿色工厂的内涵和标准,提出了未来绿色工厂的基本模式——以绿色技术、信息技术、自动化技术为核心,将绿色化、数据化、智能化、集成化作为特征,考虑环境、社会、经济的影响,分析了绿色工厂的体系架构,包括适应性绿色工厂建筑外壳、智能化绿色生产系统、高能效建筑资源服务系统、绿色工厂能源与环境管理系统、学习和健康训练环境5大部分,对推进绿色工厂发展和产业转型具有重要理论价值和现实意义。 | 曹华军 王坤 陈二恒 宋阳 JAFAR Salman | 2018 | 航空制造技术2018，61，12： | 4 |
| 11 | Structure Stability and Oxygen Permeability of Perovskite-type Oxides of Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.1)R_(0.1)O_ (3-δ)(R=Al,Mn,Fe,Ce,Cr,Ni,Co)显示文摘Perovskite-type Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.1 R 0.1 O 3 δ (R=Al,Mn,Fe,Ce,Cr,Ni,Co) oxide membranes were exploited and synthesized.Oxygen behavior,order-disorder transition and phase stability of these composite oxides were investigated by combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature programmed desorption (TPD),thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA).Oxygen permeation through these membranes was studied by the gas chromatography (GC) method using a high-temperature permeation cell in a wide temperature range from 700 to 950 C.High permeation fluxes were observed for these materials.The high permeation flux was about 3.19 ml·min 1 ·cm 2 under air/He gradients at 950 C,which was achieved for Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.1 Ni 0.1 O 3 δ (BSCFNiO) membrane.The results of analysis showed no phase transition for BSCFNiO oxide with increasing temperature and XRD pattern of this material after O 2-TPD indicated to sustain a pure perovskite structure after oxygen permeation process. | Ensieh Ganji Babakhani Jafar Towfighi Laleh Shirazi Ali Nakhaeipour Akbar Zamaniyan Zahra Shafiei | 2012 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2012，28，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Partial oxidation of methane in Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.1)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-δ) ceramic membrane reactor显示文摘Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.1Ni0.1O3δ(BSCFNiO) perovskite oxides were synthesized using a combined EDTA-citrate complexation method,and then pressed into disk and applied in a membrane reactor.The performance of the BSCFNiO membrane reactor was studied for partial oxidation of methane over Ni/α-Al 2 O 3 catalyst.The time dependence of oxygen permeation rate and catalytic performance of BSCFNiO membrane during the catalyst initiation stage were investigated at 850 C.In unsteady state,oxygen permeation rate,methane conversion and CO selectivity were closely related to the state of the catalyst.After 300 min from the initial time,the reaction condition reached to steady state and oxygen permeation rate were obtained about 11.7cm 3 cm 2 min 1.Also,the performance of membrane reactor was studied at the temperatures between 750 and 950 C.The results demonstrated good performance for the membrane reactor,as CH 4 conversion and CO selectivity permeation rate reached 98% and 97.5%,respectively,and oxygen permeation rate was about 14.5 cm 3 cm 2 min 1 which was 6.8 times higher than that of air-helium gradient.Characterization of membrane surface by SEM after reaction showed that the original grains disappeared on both surfaces exposed to the air and reaction side,but XRD profile of the polished surface membrane indicated that the membrane bulk preserved the perovskite structure. | Ensieh Ganji Babakhani Jafar Towfighi Zahra Taheri Ali Nakhaei Pour Majid Zekordi Ali Taheri | 2012 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2012，21，5： | 4 |
| 13 | Azithromycin in one week quadruple therapy for H pylori eradication in Iran显示文摘瞄准:调查根除率,耐心的依从和 1-wk 的 toler 能力基于 Azithromycin 的四倍的治疗对 2-wk 常规治疗。方法: 129 个 H pylori积极的病人的一个总数被使随机化到任何一个 omeprazole 20 mg ,铋潜水艇柠檬酸盐 240 mg , azithromycin 250 mg ,和灭滴灵 500 mg ,为 1-wk ( B-OAzM )两次每日的所有或 omeprazole 20 mg ,铋潜水艇柠檬酸盐 240 mg , amoxicillin 1 g ,并且灭滴灵 500 mg 为 2-wk (B操作维护管理)两次每日的所有。H pylori 感染被组织学和快速的 urease 在入口定义,感染的痊愈被否定的脲呼吸测试决定。结果:B-OAzM 和 B 操作维护管理生产的 H pylori 根除率基于一个意愿分别地是 74.1% 和 70.4% 对待分析,并且 78.1% 对 75.7% 分别地基于每协议分析。,差的依从的发生更低不显著地那么,比为 B 操作维护管理(3.5% 对 4.3%) 在病人使随机化到 B-OAzM,但是难耐在二个组(35% 对 33.3%) 是类似的。结论:基于的四倍的政体完成的 1-wk azithromycin 比得上标准 2-wk 的 H pylori 根除率四倍的治疗,并且与可比较的耐心的依从和复杂并发症被联系。 | Shahrokh Mousavi Jafar Toussy Siamak Yaghmaie Mehrdad Zahmatkesh | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 3 |
| 14 | A Feature Model Based Framework for Refactoring Software Product Line Architecture显示文摘软件生产线(系统程序设计语言) 是过去常与类似的高度开发软件产品的一个范围的一条途径。在这条途径,一个特征模型通常被用来追踪类似和差别。随着时间的过去,当修正被做到系统程序设计语言,与特征模型一起的矛盾能产生。处理这些矛盾的第一条途径正在重新分解。重新分解由当积累时,可以在系统程序设计语言导致大规模变化的小步组成,导致被增加或从系统程序设计语言消除了的特征。在这份报纸,我们为重新分解系统程序设计语言建议一个框架,它帮助与特征模型一起使系统程序设计语言一致。在一些介绍讲话以后,我们为代表特征模型描述一个正式模型。我们正式表示对特征模型和 SPL 适用的各种各样的重新分解的模式,然后为在系统程序设计语言发现他们介绍一个算法。最后,我们使用一种系统程序设计语言的真实世界的案例研究说明在纸介绍的框架的适用性。 | Mohammad Tanhaei Jafar Habibi Seyed-Hassan Mirian-Hosseinabadi | 2016 | Journal of Computer Science & Technology2016，31，5： | 3 |
| 15 | An experimental study of the synergistic effects of BMIM-BF_4,BMIM-DCA and TEACI aqueous solutions on methane hydrate formation显示文摘In this work, the effects of three ionic liquids(ILs), namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide and tetraethyl-ammonium chloride, on methane hydrate formation and dissociation kinetic parameters were studied. The kinetic parameters including the initial rate of hydrate formation, hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and hydrate storage capacity were evaluated. The experimental measurements were performed in an initial pressure range of 3.5-7.1 MPa. It was found that both of ILs with imidazolium-based cation increase the initial methane hydrate formation rate while the IL with ammonium-based cation leads to a decrease in the initial methane hydrate formation rate. It was also interpreted from the results that all of the three studied ILs decrease methane hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and increase methane hydrate storage capacity. Finally, both of ILs with imidazolium-based cations were found to have higher impacts on decreasing hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and increasing the methane hydrate storage capacity than the applied IL with ammonium-based cation. | Ali Rasoolzadeh Jafar Javanmardi Amir H.Mohammadi | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，2： | 3 |
| 16 | 聚(4-乙烯基吡啶丁烷磺酸)硫酸氢盐:一个高效的多相聚(离子液体)固体酸催化剂用于无溶剂条件下一锅法合成1-酰氨基-2-萘酚和取代喹啉(英文)显示文摘Poly(4-vinylpyridinium butane sulfonic acid) hydrogen sulfate has been used as an efficient dual acidic catalyst for the one-pot preparation of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols and substituted quinolines under solvent-free conditions.The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results revealed several advantages to our new catalyst system,including its reusability,facile work-up procedure, eco-friendly reaction conditions,short reaction time,and high product yields. | Ali Reza Kiasat Arash Mouradzadegun Seyyed Jafar Saghanezhad | 2013 | 催化学报2013，34，10： | 3 |
| 17 | Multigene genetic programming for sediment transport modeling in sewers for conditions of non-deposition with a bed deposit显示文摘It is known that construction of large sewers based on consideration of flow with non-deposition without a bed deposit is not economical. Sewer design based on consideration of flow with nondeposition with a bed deposit reduces channel bed slope and construction cost in which the presence of a small depth of sediment deposition on the bed increases the sediment transport capacity of the flow.This paper suggests a new Pareto-optimal model developed by the multigene genetic programming(MGGP) technique to estimate particle Froude number(Frp) in large sewers with conditions of sediment deposition on the bed. To this end, four data sets including wide ranges of sediment size and concentration, deposit thickness, and pipe size are used. On the basis of different statistical performance indices, the efficiency of the proposed Pareto-optimal MGGP model is compared to those of the best MGGP model developed in the current study as well as the conventional regression models available in the literature. The results indicate the higher efficiency of the MGGP-based models for Frp estimation in the case of no additional deposition onto a bed with a sediment deposit. Inasmuch as the Pareto-optimal MGGP model utilizes a lower number of input parameters to yield comparatively higher performance than the conventional regression models, it can be used as a parsimonious model for self-cleansing design of large sewers in practice. | Mir Jafar Sadegh Safari Ali Danandeh Mehr | 2018 | International Journal of Sediment Research2018，33，3： | 3 |
| 18 | MULTI-CRITERIA UNIVERSITY SELECTION:FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION USING A FUZZY AHP显示文摘Collaboration with universities as 'knowledge factories' is increasingly perceived to be an effective and viable solution for firms to gain competitive advantage.One of the main challenges firms face in this area is how to select the best university for collaboration.This selection undoubtedly affects some other strategic activities of firms,such as managing and governing the relationship with the selected university and,most importantly,firm performance.As such,the selection becomes an important strategic decision that deserves a great deal of attention.Thus far,no systematic attempt has been made to investigate this significant area of research.The main purpose of this study is to formulate a decision-making model for university selection.Reviewing existing literature of university-industry relationship yields a list of relevant criteria for this problem.The problem is then formulated as a multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM) model,and a fuz2 y AHP is used to provide the solution.To illustrate the model,three Dutch universities are ranked based on the importance of the selected criteria. | Negin Salimi Jafar Rezaei | 2015 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2015，24，3： | 3 |
| 19 | An extended discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for the dynamic facility layout problem显示文摘We extended an improved version of the discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm proposed by Liao et al.(2007) to solve the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP). A computational study was performed with the existing heuristic algorithms, including the dynamic programming (DP), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), hybrid ant system (HAS), hybrid simulated annealing (SA-EG), hybrid genetic algorithms (NLGA and CONGA). The proposed DPSO algorithm, SA, HAS, GA, DP, SA-EG, NLGA, and CONGA obtained the best solutions for 33, 24, 20, 10, 12, 20, 5, and 2 of the 48 problems from (Balakrishnan and Cheng, 2000), respectively. These results show that the DPSO is very effective in dealing with the DFLP. The extended DPSO also has very good computational efficiency when the problem size increases. | Hassan REZAZADEH Mehdi GHAZANFARI Mohammad SAIDI-MEHRABAD Seyed JAFAR SADJADI | 2009 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2009，10，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Effect of Mold Hardness on Microstructure and Contraction Porosity in Ductile Cast Iron显示文摘The effect of mold hardness on the microstructure of ductile iron and the contraction porosity was investigated.Molds with different hardnesses(0.41,0.48,0.55,0.62 MPa)and a sand mold prepared by Co2 method were used.The influence of silicon content on the induced expansion pressure owing to the formation of graphite was also investigated.The contraction during solidification can be compensated by an induced expansion owing to the graphite relief when the hardness of mold increases;therefore,the possibility of achieving a sound product without using any riser increases. | Jafar Khalil-Allafi Behnam Amin-Ahmadi | 2011 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2011，18，4： | 3 |
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