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| 1 | Gastric polyps: Association with Helicobacter pylori status and the pathology of the surrounding mucosa, a cross sectional study显示文摘aim:To assess the endoscopic characteristics of gastric polyps and their association with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)status in a predominantly Hispanic population.m ETHODS:We conducted a retrospective study of all esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed at our institution.Demographic,endoscopic and histopathological data were reviewed.Categorization of patients into Hispanic and Non-Hispanic was based on selfidentification.Patients without resection/biopsy were not included in the analysis.Identification of polyps type was based on histological examination.One way analysis of variance was used to compare continuousvariables among different polyp types and Fisher’s exact test was used compare categorical variables among polyp types.Unadjusted and adjusted comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics were performed according to the H.pylori status and polyp type using logistic regressions.RESULTS:Of 7090 patients who had upper endoscopy,335 patients had gastric polyps(4.7%).Resection or biopsy of gastric polyps was performed in 296 patients(88.4%)with a total of 442 polyps removed or biopsied.Of 296 patients,87(29%)had hyperplastic polyps,82(28%)had fundic gland polyps and 5(1.7%)had adenomatous polyps.Hyperplastic polyps were significantly associated with positive H.pylori status compared with fundic gland polyps(OR=4.621;95%CI:1.92-11.13,P=0.001).Hyperplastic polyps were also found to be significantly associated with portal hypertensive gastropathy compared with fundic gland polyps(OR=6.903;95%CI:1.41-33.93,P=0.0174).Out of 296 patients,30(10.1%)had a followup endoscopy with a mean duration of 26±16.3 mo.Interval development of cancer was not noted in any of the patients during follow up period.CONCLUSi ON:Gastric hyperplastic polyps were significantly associated with positive H.pylori status and portal hypertensive gastropathy as compared with fundic gland polyps. | Sherif Elhanafi Mohammed Saadi Wynee Lou Indika Mallawaarachchi Alok Dwivedi Marc Zuckerman Mohamed O Othman | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，10： | 18 |
| 2 | Autologous CD34^+ and CD133^+ stem cells transplantation in patients with end stage liver disease显示文摘AIM:To assess the utility of an autologous CD34 + and CD133 + stem cells infusion as a possible therapeutic modality in patients with end-stage liver diseases.METHODS:One hundred and forty patients with endstage liver diseases were randomized into two groups.Group 1,comprising 90 patients,received granulocyte colony stimulating factor for five days followed by autologous CD34 + and CD133 + stem cell infusion in the portal vein.Group 2,comprising 50 patients,received regular liver treatment only and served as a control group.RESULTS:Near normalization of liver enzymes and improvement in synthetic function were observed in 54.5% of the group 1 patients;13.6% of the patients showed stable states in the infused group.None of the patients in the control group showed improvement.No adverse effects were noted.CONCLUSION:Our data showed that a CD34 + and CD133 + stem cells infusion can be used as supportive treatment for end-stage liver disease with satisfactory tolerability. | Hosny Salama Abdel-Rahman N Zekri Abeer A Bahnassy Eman Medhat Hanan A Halim Ola S Ahmed Ghada Mohamed Sheren A Al Alim Ghada M Sherif | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 16 |
| 3 | 基于土壤-环境关系的更新传统土壤图研究显示文摘传统土壤图是流域管理、生态水文模型所需土壤空间分布信息的主要数据源。然而,受传统制图技术和基础数据质量所限,传统土壤图的空间详细度和属性精确度并不高。随着地理信息技术的发展,如何利用可获取的高质量空间数据和现代空间分析技术来更新传统土壤图显得十分必要。基于传统土壤图中的土壤多边形与通过模糊聚类所得环境因子组合之间存在着对应关系这一假设,本文提出了一种从传统土壤图中提取土壤-环境关系知识并利用该知识更新传统土壤图的方法。该方法包括四个步骤:对环境数据进行模糊c均值聚类获取环境因子组合;利用传统土壤图建立环境因子组合与土壤类型间的对应关系;提取土壤-环境关系知识;进行土壤推理制图。将该方法应用于加拿大New B runsw ick省的W akefield研究区,以更新该区现有的1∶20 000的传统土壤图。应用结果表明:更新后的数字土壤图显示了更详细的空间分布信息;经野外独立验证点验证,所得土壤图(制图单元为土壤组合-排水等级)精度高出原土壤图约20%。因此,该方法是一种有效的更新传统土壤图的方法,可增加土壤图的空间详细度、提高土壤图的属性精确度。 | 杨琳 Fahmy Sherif Jiao You Hann Sheldon 朱阿兴 秦承志 徐志刚 | 2010 | 土壤学报2010，47，6： | 16 |
| 4 | Current medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘INTRODUCTIONThe 1990’s have brought a significant promise and the hopefor a better and brighter future in the new millennium forpatients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).A betterunderstanding of the pathophysiology of IBD symptoms hasled to newer treatment modalities and streamlining oftherapy for specific subsets of patients. | Kiron M. Das Sherif A. Farag | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，4： | 16 |
| 5 | Gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy显示文摘基因多型性在 codons 定位了的转变生长 factor-1 (TGF-1 ) 的角色 10 和 25 在到类型 2 糖尿病(T2D ) 的基因倾向并且在在埃及病人的糖尿病的 nephropathy (DN ) 被调查。案例控制研究与 T2D (50 DN 和 49 DN+) 和 98 匹配年龄、匹配性的健康控制为 99 个无关的埃及病人被做。TGF-1 T869C (codon 10 ) 并且 G915C (codon 25 ) 多型性察觉被扩大做倔强的变化系统方法。DN+ 病人更年轻,与更高的身体团索引,浆液 triglycerides,浆液 creatinine,和在 DN 病人的比那些的更低的浆液白朊。糖尿病的控制的中等、坏的等级与 DN 被联系(P < 0.001 ) 。TGF-1 (T869C ) C 等位基因, TC 和 TC + CC 遗传型在病人是显著地更高的;T 等位基因和 TT 遗传型在控制是显著地更高的(Pc < 0.001 ) 。TGF-1 TC 遗传型与 DN 被联系(Pc < 0.05 ) 。不重要的差别在 TGF-1 (G915C ) 等位基因和遗传型的频率在 T2D 病人和控制之间被检测。在结论,这些初步的数据证明 TGF-1 codon 10 C 等位基因,和 C 包含等位基因的遗传型可能是易受影响的,并且 T allele/TT 遗传型可以是为 T2D 和 DN+ 复杂并发症的保护的因素。 | Sherif M. E1-Sherbini Samar M. Shahen Youssef M. Mosaad Mohamed S. Abdelgawa~ Roba M. Talaat | 2013 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2013，45，4： | 8 |
| 6 | Outcomes of liver transplantation in patients with hepatorenal syndrome显示文摘Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS) plays an important role in patients with liver cirrhosis on the wait list for liver transplantation(LT). The 1 and 5-year probability of developing HRS in cirrhotic with ascites is 20% and 40%, respectively. In this article, we reviewed current concepts in HRS pathophysiology, guidelines for HRS diagnosis, effective treatment options presently available, and controversies surrounding liver alone vs simultaneous liver kidney transplant(SLKT) in transplant candidates. Many treatment options including albumin, vasoconstrictors, renal replacement therapy, and eventual LT have remained a mainstay in the treatment of HRS. Unfortunately, even after aggressive measures such as terlipressin use, the rate of recovery is less than 50% of patients. Moreover, current SLKT guidelines include:(1) estimation of glomerular filtration rate of 30 m L/min or less for 4-8 wk;(2) proteinuria > 2 g/d; or(3) biopsy proven interstitial fibrosis or glomerulosclerosis. Even with these updated criteria there is a lack of consistency regarding longterm benefits for SLKT vs LT alone. Finally, in regards to kidney dysfunction in the post-transplant setting, an estimation of glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL /min per 1.73 m2 may be associated with an increased risk of patients having long-term end stage renal disease. HRS is common in patients with cirrhosis and those on liver transplant waitlist. Prompt identification and therapy initiation in transplant candidates with HRS may improve post-transplantation outcomes. Future studies identifying optimal vasoconstrictor regimens, alternative therapies, and factors predictive of response to therapy are needed. The appropriate use of SLKT in patients with HRS remains controversial and requires further evidence by the transplant community. | Rohan M Modi Nishi Patel Sherif N Metwally Khalid Mumtaz | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，24： | 8 |
| 7 | Dysregulation of gastric H,K-ATPase by cigarette smoke extract显示文摘AIM:To test whether the expression and activity of H,K-ATPase in parietal cells would be affected by cigarette smoke extract.METHODS: Extracts of cigarette smoke were administered into mice by gastric gavage (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 d or in drinking water for 7 or 14 d. For the latter, each day a mouse consumed 5 mL water containing extracts of two cigarettes, on average. Control littermate mice received only vehicle. To compare the amount of H,K-ATPase in control and smoke-treated mice, the stomach was processed for Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for α- or β-subunits of H,K-ATPase. The p-nitrophenylphospatase activity assay was used as a measurement for K-dependent H,K-ATPase activity.RESULTS: Probed transblots showed an increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase in smoke-treated mice which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was found to be due to increased amounts of protein per parietal cell rather than an increased parietal cell number. The increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase was associated with an enhancement of its enzymatic activity. K-dependent activity in control and smoke-treated mice was significantly different (respectively, 0.12 μmol/mg vs 0.27 μmol/mg per minute, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Administration of cigarette smoke extract is associated with an increase in the amount and activity of H,K-ATPase and hence, smokers are susceptible to development of peptic ulcer. | Muna Hammadi Mohamed Adi Rony John Ghalia AK Khoder Sherif M Karam | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，32： | 7 |
| 8 | Selecting suitable solid organ transplant donors: Reducing the risk of donor-transmitted infections显示文摘Selection of the appropriate donor is essential to a successful allograft recipient outcome for solid organ transplantation. Multiple infectious diseases have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient via transplantation. Donor-transmitted infections cause increased morbidity and mortality to the recipient. In recent years, a series of high-profile transmissions of infections have occurred in organ recipients prompt-ing increased attention on the process of improving the selection of an appropriate donor that balances the shortage of needed allografts with an approach that mitigates the risk of donor-transmitted infection to the recipient. Important advances focused on improving donor screening diagnostics, using previously excluded high-risk donors, and individualizing the selection of allografts to recipients based on their prior infection history are serving to increase the donor pool and improve outcomes after transplant. This article serves to review the relevant literature surrounding this topic and to provide a suggested approach to the selection of an appropriate solid organ transplant donor. | Christopher S Kovacs Jr Christine E Koval David van Duin Amanda Guedes de Morais Blanca E Gonzalez Robin K Avery Steven D Mawhorter Kyle D Brizendine Eric D Cober Cyndee Miranda Rabin K Shrestha Lucileia Teixeira Sherif B Mossad | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，2： | 7 |
| 9 | Novel aspects for thermal stability studies and shelf life assessment of modified double-base propellants显示文摘Modified DB propellants, based on energetic nitramine(RDX) were manufactured by solventless extrusion process. Thermal stability and shelf life assessment of modified DB propellant were investigated. Shelf life assessment was evaluated using Van’t Hoff’s formula and artificial aging at 70℃ up to120 days. Quantification of total heat released and heat flow with aging time was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermal activity monitoring(TAMIII) respectively. Modified DB formulation based on 20 wt % RDX demonstrated enhanced thermal stability in terms of controlled heat flow, and slow decomposition reactions at elevated temperature. This formulation demonstrated extended service life up to 56 years compared with reference formulation. These novel finding was ascribed to the high thermal stability of RDX and its compatibility with DB constituents. This manuscript shaded the light on novel and effective approach for thermal stability via monitoring thermal activity with aging. | Sherif Elbasuney Ashraf.M. A. Elghafour Mostafa Radwan Ahmed Fahd Hosam Mostafa Ramy Sadek Amr Motaz | 2019 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2019，15，3： | 6 |
| 10 | tRNA cleavage: a new insight显示文摘Over the past decades,tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others,holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules.Moreover,tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species,such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves(tiRNA)or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments.tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species,including mammals.Under cellular stress conditions,tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′and 5′halves.5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations.tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis,however some data hints to the opposite;that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation.tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria.In this review,we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage,show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research. | Sherif Rashad Kuniyasu Niizuma Teiji Tominaga | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，1： | 5 |
| 11 | Continuous hydrothermal synthesis of AlO(OH)nanorods as a clean flame retardant agent显示文摘Aluminum-oxide-hydroxide(AIOOH) is a clean and non-toxic flame retardant.There have been many trials for the fabrication of ultrafine AIOOH.Two main approaches exist for nano-AlOOH synthesis:reactive precipitation and batch hydrothermal synthesis.Both approaches are laborious and time consuming with poor control of particle morphology.We report on the novel continuous flow manufacture of AIOOH nanorods with controlled morphology(particle size and shape) by hydrothermal synthesis.AIOOH was harvested from its mother liquor(colloidal solution) using poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) copolymer as a flocculating agent.The developed AIOOH shape and size,crystalline phase,thermal stability,and endothermic heat sink action were investigated by transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry,thermogravimetric analysis,and differential scanning calorimetry,respectively.The phase transition of AIOOH to AI_2O_3 was demonstrated by conducting different X-ray diffractometry scans from 400 to700 ℃.These results may provide an option for the continuous synthesis of nano-AlOOH as a clean and non-toxic flame retardant with excellent thermal stability.Consequently,enhanced flammability properties can be achieved at low solids loading. | Sherif Elbasuney | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，5： | 5 |
| 12 | New design simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system to extend lifetime and improve floating performance显示文摘This paper presents a comprehensive simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system which consists of zero-and super-pressure balloons. Preliminary calculations were established to describe the basic concept of the new integrated system. A mathematical model was investigated to simulate the ascending and floating processes which considered the atmospheric conditions and thermodynamic variations. Based on the simulation, results showed that the floating altitude stability between daytime and nighttime was improved. This integrated system supports higher floating altitude levels than those of ordinary balloons and extends the lifetime of floating balloon systems. Moreover, results demonstrated that the integrated system was lighter than ordinary balloons, saving useful weight for effective payload. Furthermore, exploiting the advantages of both kinds of balloons while avoiding the difficulties was a significant goal in the current design to promote the floating performance of high-altitude balloons technology. | Sherif SALEH Weiliang HE | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2018，31，5： | 4 |
| 13 | Novel yellow colored flame compositions with superior spectral performance显示文摘The production of colored flames is the primary purpose of military signaling, projectile tracing, and illuminating devices. Certain elements and compounds when heated to high temperature have the unique property of emitting lines or narrow bands in the visible region(380-780 nm). This study, reports on the development of novel yellow colored flame compositions with enhanced spectral performance in terms of luminous intensity, and color quality to standard Russian yellow tracer. The light intensity and the imprint spectra of developed yellow flares were measured using digital luxmeter and UV e Vis. spectrometer respectively. The main giving of this study is that the light intensity, and color quality of Russian yellow tracer were improved by 287%, and 170% respectively. This was accomplished by means of optimizing the ratio of novel binder to color source using aluminum metal fuel. Aluminumbased formulations were found to maximize the formation of yellow reactive emitting specimens, and to eliminate any interfering incandescent emission resulted from Mg O. Quantification of yellow color emitting specimens in the combustion gaseous products was achieved using chemical equilibrium thermodynamic code named ICT(Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, Virgin 2008); in an attempt to judge the light quality. This improvement in yellow flare performance established the rule that the emission intensity increases as the reaction temperature increases. In the meantime upper limit of temperature was avoided to maximize the color quality. | Ramy Sadek Mohamed Kassem Mohamed Abdo Sherif Elbasuney | 2017 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2017，13，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Evaluation of axis alignment and refractive results of toric phakic IOL using image-guided system显示文摘AIM: To evaluate accuracy of axis alignment and refractive results of toric phakic intraocular lens(IOL) implantation using a digital imaging system. METHODS: This retrospective study investigated toric implantable collamer lens(ICL) implantation in 30 eyes of 21 patients with myopic astigmatism more than 2.0 D guided with digital imaging system. Data were collected during the first week after phakic IOL implantation.RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 21 patients were included in our study. Patients includes 9 males and 12 females. The mean age of the patients was 26.5±7.1(range 21-44)y. The mean preoperative manifest astigmatism was 3.2±1.7(range from 2.25 to 4.75) D. The mean postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA) were 0.07±0.07(range from 0.1 to 0.0) log MAR. The mean postoperative residual refractive cylinder was 0.25±0.29(range 0-0.75) D. Eyes with postoperative residual refractive cylinder of 0.5 D or less represented 80%(24 eyes). The mean postoperative toric IOL misalignment measured by the OPD scan III was 1.9°±1.45°(range from 0 to 5°). CONCLUSION: Image guided system allows accurate alignment of toric ICL. This is associated with good postoperative visual acuity and low residual refractive astigmatism which correlates with the precision of toric phakic IOL alignment. | Sherif Emerah | 2020 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2020，13，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Chemical stability, thermal behavior, and shelf life assessment of extruded modified double-base propellants显示文摘Double base propellant suffers from lack of chemical stability; this could result in self ignition during storing. Modified double base(MDB) propellant based on stoichiometric binary mixture of oxidizermetal fuel(Ammonium perchlorate/Aluminum), and energetic nitramines(HMX) offered enhanced thrust as well as combustion characteristics. This study is devoted to evaluate the impact of such energetic additives on thermal behavior, chemical stability, and shelf life. Extruded MDB formulations were manufactured by extrusion process. Artificial aging at 80℃ for 28 days was conducted. Shelf life assessment was performed using Van't Hoff's equation. Quantification of evolved NOxgases with aging time was performed using quantitative stability tests. MDB formulation based on HMX demonstrated extended service life of 16 years compared with(AP/Al)-MDB which demonstrated 9 years. This finding was ascribed to the reactivity of AP with nitroglycerin with the formation of perchloric acid. Thermal behavior of aged MDB, exhibited an increase in heat released with time; this was ascribed to the autocatalytic thermal degradation during artificial aging. The increase in released heat by 31% was found to be equivalent to evolved NOx gases of 6.2 cm^3/5 g and 2.5 cm^3/1 g for Bergmann-Junk test, and Vacuum stability test respectively. This manuscript shaded the light on a novel approach to quantify evolved NOx gases to heat released with aging time. MDB based on HMX offered balanced ballistic performance,chemical stability, and service life. | Sherif Elbasuney Ahmed Fahd Hosam E.Mostafa Sherif F.Mostafa Ramy Sadek | 2018 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2018，14，1： | 4 |
| 16 | NOTCH3 is expressed in human apical papilla and in subpopulations of stem cells isolated from the tissue显示文摘NOTCH plays a role in regulating stem cell function and fate decision.It is involved in tooth development and injury repair.Information regarding NOTCH expression in human dental root apical papilla(AP)and its residing stem cells(SCAP)is limited.Here we investigated the expression of NOTCH3,its ligand JAG1,and mesenchymal stem cell markers CD146 and STRO-1 in the AP or in the primary cultures of SCAP isolated from AP.Our in situ immunostaining showed that in the AP NOTCH3 and CD146 were co-expressed and associated with blood vessels having NOTCH3 located more peripherally.In cultured SCAP,NOTCH3 and JAG1 were co-expressed.Flow cytometry analysis showed that 7%,16%and 98%of the isolated SCAP were positive for NOTCH3,STRO-1 and CD146,respectively with a rare 1.5%subpopulation of SCAP co-expressing all three markers.The expression level of NOTCH3 reduced when SCAP underwent osteogenic differentiation.Our findings are the first step towards defining the regulatory role of NOTCH3 in SCAP fate decision. | Mohamed Jamal Sami M.Chogle Sherif M.Karam George T-J.Huang | 2015 | Genes & Diseases2015，2，3： | 4 |
| 17 | Mathematical analyses of the GPS receiver interference tolerance and mean time to loss lock显示文摘In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, match spectrum interference and pulse interference. Also, in this paper the mean time to loss lock is determined in order to analyse the mentioned interferences effect on the GPS receiver. These derived analytical expressions are validated with the aid of extensive simulation experiments. | Ehab M.Shaheen Sherif A.Elgamel | 2019 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2019，15，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Phase II Trial: Undifferentiated Versus Differentiated Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation in Egyptian Patients with HCV Induced Liver Cirrhosis显示文摘 | Mervat El-Ansary Iman Abdel-Aziz Sherif Mogawer Samah Abdel-Hamid Olfat Hammam Salwa Teaema Marwa Wahdan | 2012 | Stem Cell Reviews and Reports2012，，3： | 4 |
| 19 | Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate catalyzed with CuO nanoparticles显示文摘Ammonium perchlorate(APC)is the most common oxidizer in use for solid rocket propulsion systems.However its initial thermal decomposition is an endothermic process that requires 102.5 J·g^-1.This manner involves high activation energy and could render high burning rate regime.This study reports on the sustainable fabrication of CuO nanoparticles as a novel catalyzing agent for APC oxidizer.Colloidal CuO nanoparticles with consistent product quality were fabricated by using hydrothermal processing.TEM micrographs demonstrated mono-dispersed particles of 15 nm particle size.XRD diffractogram demonstrated highly crystalline material.The synthesized colloidal CuO particles were effectively coated with APC particles via co-precipitation by using fast-crash solvent-antisolvent technique.The impact of copper oxide particles on APC thermal behavior has been investigated using DSC and TGA techniques.APC demonstrated an initial endothermic decomposition stage at 242℃ with subsequent two exothermic decomposition stages at 297,8℃ and 452.8℃ respectively.At 1 wt%,copper oxide offered decrease in initial endothermic decomposition stage by 30%.The main outcome of this study is that the two main exothermic decomposition peaks were merged into one single peak with an increase in total heat release by 53%.These novel features can inherit copper oxide particles unique catalyzing ability for advanced highly energetic systems. | Sherif Elbasuney M.Yehia | 2019 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2019，15，6： | 4 |
| 20 | Spectrally adapted red flare tracers with superior spectral performance显示文摘The production of bright light, with vivid color, is the primary purpose of signaling, illuminating devices,and fire control purposes. This study, reports on the development of red flame compositions with enhanced performance in terms of luminous intensity, and color quality. The light intensity and the imprint spectra of developed red flame compositions to standard NATO red tracer(R-284 NATO) were measured using digital luxmeter, and UV-Vis. spectrometer. The main giving of this study is that the light intensity of standard NATO red tracer was increased by 72%, the color quality was also improved by60%(over the red band from 650 to 780 nm). This enhanced spectral performance was achieved by means of deriving the combustion process to maximize the formation of red color emitting species in the combustion flame. Thanks to the optimum ratio of color source to color intensifier using aluminum metal fuel; this approach offered the highest intensity and color quality. Upon combustion, aluminum was found to maximize the formation SrCL(the main reactive red color emitting species) and to minimize the interfering incandescent emission resulted from MgO and SrO. Quantification of active red color emitting species in the combustion flame was conducted using chemical equilibrium thermodynamic code named ICT. The improvement in red flare performance, established the rule that the color intensifier should be in the range from 10 to 15 Wt % of the total composition. | Ramy Sadek Mohamed Kassem Mohamed Abdo Sherif Elbasuney | 2017 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2017，13，6： | 3 |
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