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| 1 | Role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections显示文摘Quorum sensing(QS) is cell communication that is widely used by bacterial pathogens to coordinate the expression of several collective traits, including the production of multiple virulence factors, biofilm formation, and swarming motility once a population threshold is reached. Several lines of evidence indicate that QS enhances virulence of bacterial pathogens in animal models as well as in human infections; however, its relative importance for bacterial pathogenesis is still incomplete. In this review, we discuss the present evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments in animal models, as well as from clinical studies, that link QS systems with human infections. We focus on two major QS bacterial models, the opportunistic Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, which are also two of the main agents responsible of nosocomial and wound infections. In addition, QS communication systems in other bacterial, eukaryotic pathogens, and even immune and cancer cells are also reviewed, and finally, the new approaches proposed to combat bacterial infections by the attenuation of their QS communication systems and virulence are also discussed. | Israel Castillo-Juárez Toshinari Maeda Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco María Tomás Berenice Pérez-Eretza Silvia Julieta García-Contreras Thomas K Wood Rodolfo García-Contreras | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，7： | 15 |
| 2 | Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013显示文摘 | Marie Ng Tom Fleming Margaret Robinson Blake Thomson Nicholas Graetz Christopher Margono Erin C Mullany Stan Biryukov Cristiana Abbafati Semaw Ferede Abera Jerry P Abraham Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh Tom Achoki Fadia S AlBuhairan Zewdie A Alemu Rafael Alfonso | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 7 |
| 3 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Pathological grading of regression following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: the clinical need is now显示文摘 | Tom P MacGregor Tim S Maughan Ricky A Sharma | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Pathology2012，，10： | 2 |
| 5 | N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. METHODS: Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine (2.4 g/d) plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine (0.8 g/d) (group A) or mesalamine plus placebo (group B). Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index (MTWSI). The primary endpoint was clinical remission (MTWSI ≤ 2) at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response (defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points) and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS: Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine (group A) and mesalamine plus placebo (group B) respectively (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A (P = 0.046) with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B (P = 0.735) during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% (group A) vs 44% (group B) after 4 wk of treatment (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5). Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups. CONCLUSION: In group A (oral NAC combined with mesalamine) contrarily to group B (mesalamine alone), the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects. | Luis G Guijarro Jose Mate Javier P Gisbert Jose Luis Perez-Calle Ignacio Marín-Jimenez Encarna Arriaza Tomás Olleros Mario Delgado Maria S Castillejo David Prieto-Merino Venancio Gonzalez Lara Amado Salvador Pea | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，18： | 2 |
| 6 | RMM:a methodology for structured hypermedia design显示文摘 | Edward A Stohr P Balasubramanian | 1995 | Communications of the ACM1995，38，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Quantitative echotexture analysis of bovine corpora lutea显示文摘 | Tom J W Pierson R A Adams G P | 1998 | Theriogenology1998，49，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrogra- phy for triangular fibrocartilaginous complex injury: a systemat- ic review and recta-analysis显示文摘 | Smith T O Drew B Toms A P | 2012 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2012，94，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Preoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressure affects outcome of laparoscopic esophageal myotomy for achalasia显示文摘 | Mustafa A Arain Jeffrey H Peters Anan P Tamhankar Giuseppe Portale Gideon Almogy Steven R DeMeester Peter F Crookes Jeffrey A Hagen Cedric G Bremner Tom R DeMeester | 2004 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2004，，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Resional migratory osteoporosis: a review illustrated by five cases显示文摘 | TOMS A P MARSH ALL T J BECKER E | 2005 | Clin Radiol2005，60，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Development of a global validation package for satellite oceanic aerosol optical thickness retrieval based on AERONET observations and its application to NOAA/NESDIS operational aerosol retrievals显示文摘 | ZHAO Tom X P STOWE L L SMIRNOV A | 2002 | J Atmos Sci2002，56，： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparing the impacts of hiking, skiing and horse riding on trail and vegetation in different types of fores显示文摘 | Tom A Tolvanen A Norokorpi Y Tervo R Siikamtiki P | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Management2009，90，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Microbiologic features and outcome of pneumonia in transplanted patients显示文摘 | Carlos Cervera Carlos Agustí María Angeles Marcos Tomás Pumarola Federico Cofán Miguel Navasa Félix Pérez-Villa Antonio Torres Asunción Moreno | 2006 | Diagnostic Microbiology & Infectious Disease2006，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Food phytochemicals act as quorum sensing inhibitors reducing production and/or degrading autoinducers of Yersinia enterocolitica and Erwinia carotovora 显示文摘 | Truchado P Tomás-Barberán F A Larrosa M | 2012 | Food Control2012，24，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Leptin promotes HIA- G expression on placental trophoblasts via the MEK/Erk and PI3K signaling pathways显示文摘 | Barrientos G Tom A Moschansky P | 2015 | Placenta2015，36，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Severe acute lung injury caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae:potential role for steroid puses in treatmint显示文摘 | Tom A Gutierzez P | 2000 | Ciin Infect Dis2000，31，： | 1 |
| 17 | Is the efficacy of hormonal therapy affected by lymph node status? data from the bicalutamide (Casodex) Early Prostate Cancer program显示文摘 | Peter Iversen Manfred P Wirth William A See David G McLeod Ira Klimberg Donald Gleason Gerald Chodak James Montie Chris Tyrrell D.M.A Wallace Karl P.J Delaere Per Lundmo Teuvo L.J Tammela Jan-Erik Johansson Tom Morris Kevin Carroll | 2004 | Urology2004，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Exposure of female juvenile rainbow trout to alkylphenolic compouds results in modifications to growth and ovosomatic index显示文摘 | Lindsey A A Tom G P | 1998 | Environ Toxicol Chem1998，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | Spatial variation in response to selection for live weight and shell length from data on individually tagged Chilean native oysters (Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845) 显示文摘 | Tom J E Aguila P Vergara A M | 1996 | Aquaculture1996，146，12： | 1 |
| 20 | OpenFlow: Enabling Innovation in CampusNetworks 显示文摘 | NICK M TOM A HARI B GURU P LARRYP JENNIFER R SCOTT S JONATHAN T | 2008 | ACM SIGCOMM ComputerCommunication Review2008，38，2： | 1 |
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