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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract. | Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Rocco Maurizio Zagari Cristiana De Musis Lorenzo Romano Carmelina Loguercio Marco Romano | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，29： | 90 |
| 2 | 基于GIS栅格数据的洪水风险动态模拟模型及其应用显示文摘以GIS栅格数据为基础,建立了二维水动力洪水动态演进模型.以湖北省荆江分洪区为实验区,在数字地形模型和LandsatETM遥感影像等数据的基础上,根据分洪区1954年分洪情况和规划运用设计,模拟了不同分洪方案下的洪水淹没范围、水深和相应的洪水淹没地物面积及其可能损失等.模拟结果表明,基于GIS栅格数据的洪水淹没风险模拟模型,可以对长江流域分洪区运用预案的制订、土地利用的规划及洪水科学管理提供定量的科学依据. | 苏布达 姜彤 郭业友 Marco GEMMER | 2005 | 河海大学学报(自然科学版)2005，33，4： | 63 |
| 3 | 基于GIS的时空复合体-土地利用变化图谱模型研究方法显示文摘本文以地学信息图谱理论、地球空间信息认知理论、地球系统科学与地理综合体理论、地理信息系统中的时空复合体模型为依据 ,提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化的基本单元 ,即“图谱单元”,它是记录时空复合信息的基本单元 ,由“相对均质”的地理单元和“相对均质”的时序单元复合而成 ,并提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化图谱的概念模型。 | 叶庆华 刘高焕 陆洲 龚争辉 Marco | 2002 | 地理科学进展2002，21，4： | 70 |
| 4 | Gut-liver axis and probiotics: Their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The incidence of obesity and its related conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has dramatically increased in all age groups worldwide. Given the health consequences of these conditions, and the subsequent economic burden on healthcare systems, their prevention and treatment have become major priorities. Because standard dietary and lifestyle changes and pathogenically-oriented therapies(e.g., antioxidants, oral hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering agents) often fail due to poor compliance and/or lack of efficacy, novel approaches directed toward other pathomechanisms are needed. Here we present several lines of evidence indicating that, by increasing energy extraction in some dysbiosis conditions or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,specific gut microbiota and/or a'low bacterial richness'may play a role in obesity,metabolic syndrome,and fatty liver.Under conditions involving a damaged intestinal barrier('leaky gut'),the gut-liver axis may enhance the natural interactions between intestinal bacteria/bacterial products and hepatic receptors(e.g.,toll-like receptors),thus promoting the following cascade of events:oxidative stress,insulinresistance,hepatic inflammation,and fibrosis.We also discuss the possible modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics,as attempted in NAFLD animal model studies and in several pilot pediatric and adult human studies.Globally,this approach appears to be a promising and innovative add-on therapeutic tool for NAFLD in the context of multi-target therapy. | Giulia Paolella Claudia Mandato Luca Pierri Marco Poeta Martina Di Stasi Pietro Vajro | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，42： | 55 |
| 5 | 黄河三角洲新生湿地土地利用变化图谱显示文摘在陈述彭先生提出的地学信息图谱理论和方法基础上,构建了土地利用图谱模型,在黄河三角洲新生湿地四期土地利用数据提取的基础上,合成了土地利用系列图谱,分别是1956~1984年,1984~1991年,1991~1996年三个时序。本文从黄河三角洲新生湿地土地利用强度变化、土地利用结构变化和土地利用格局变化三个方面进行了土地利用变化图谱分析,为地学信息图谱在土地利用变化研究中的应用提供了典型案例和实证。 | 叶庆华 刘高焕 姚一鸣 Marco RUSSI | 2003 | 地理科学进展2003，22，2： | 48 |
| 6 | 20世纪重大自然灾害评析显示文摘人类在科学技术上取得了辉煌成绩的同时,在认识自然和改造自然方面也得到了教训和新的认识、这一教训主要是来自自然灾害。根据收集到的全球自然灾害有关数据,对20世纪全球主要自然灾害特征和分布特点进行了分析,并对其成因提出了看法。 | 王润 姜彤 Lorenz King Marco Gemmer Anja Holl | 2000 | 自然灾害学报2000，9，4： | 37 |
| 7 | Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: Advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale显示文摘One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied. | Claudio Luchini Brendon Stubbs Marco Solmi Nicola Veronese | 2017 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2017，5，4： | 35 |
| 8 | MR with Gd-EOB-DTPA in assessment of liver nodules in cirrhotic patients显示文摘To date the imaging diagnosis of liver lesions is based mainly on the identification of vascular features, which are typical of overt hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), but the hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex and multistep event during which, a spectrum of nodules develop within the liver parenchyma, including benign small and large regenerative nodule(RN), low-grade dysplastic nodule(LGDN), high-grade dysplastic nodule(HGDN), early HCC, and well differentiated HCC. These nodules may be characterised not only on the basis of their respective different blood supplies, but also on their different hepatocyte function. Recently, in liver imaging the introduction of hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent offered the clinicians the possibility to obtain, at once, information not only related to the vascular changes of liver nodules but also information on hepatocyte function. For this reasons this new approach becomes the most relevant diagnostic clue for differentiating low-risk nodules(LGDN-RN) from highrisk nodules(HGDN/early HCC or overt HCC) and consequently new diagnostic algorithms for HCC have been proposed. The use of hepatobiliary contrast agents is constantly increasing and gradually changing the standard of diagnosis of HCC. The main purpose of this review is to underline the added value of Gd-EOB-DTPA in early-stage diagnoses of HCC. We also analyse the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCC, the key concepts of HCC development, growth and spread and the imaging appearance of precursor nodules that eventually may transform into overt HCC. | Riccardo Inchingolo Riccardo Faletti Luigi Grazioli Eleonora Tricarico Marco Gatti Anna Pecorelli Davide Ippolito | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，7： | 37 |
| 9 | Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: Risk factor updates and societal impact显示文摘Osteoporosis is a silent disease without any evidence of disease until a fracture occurs. Approximately 200 million people in the world are affected by osteoporosis and 8.9 million fractures occur each year worldwide. Fractures of the hip are a major public health burden, by means of both social cost and health condition of the elderly because these fractures are one of the main causes of morbidity, impairment, decreased quality of life and mortality in women and men. The aim of this review is to analyze the most important factors related to the enormous impact of osteoporotic fractures on population. Among the most common risk factors, low body mass index; history of fragility fracture, environmental risk, early menopause, smoking, lack of vitamin D, endocrine disorders(for example insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), use of glucocorticoids, excessive alcohol intake, immobility and others represented the main clinical risk factors associated with augmented risk of fragility fracture. The increasing trend of osteoporosis is accompanied by an underutilization of the available preventive strategies and only a small number of patients at high fracture risk are recognized and successively referred for therapy. This report provides analytic evidences to assess the best practices in osteoporosis management and indications for the adoption of a correct healthcare strategy to significantly reduce the osteoporosis burden. Early diagnosis is the key to resize the impact of osteoporosis on healthcare system. In this context, attention must be focused on the identification of high fracture risk among osteoporotic patients. It is necessary to increase national awareness campaigns across countries in order to reduce the osteoporotic fractures incidence. | Paola Pisani Maria Daniela Renna Francesco Conversano Ernesto Casciaro Marco Di Paola Eugenio Quarta Maurizio Muratore Sergio Casciaro | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，3： | 39 |
| 10 | Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy era显示文摘The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has refocused attention on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)across cancer types.The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients has been linked to the quality and magnitude of T cell,NK cell,and more recently,B cell responses within the tumor microenvironment.State-of-the-art single-cell analysis of TIL gene expression profiles and clonality has revealed a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune activation and exhaustion.Many of these states are conserved across tumor types,in line with the broad responses observed clinically.Despite this homology,not all cancer types with similar TIL landscapes respond similarly to immunotherapy,highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interactions.This observation is further confounded by the strong prognostic benefit of TILs observed for tumor types that have so far respond poorly to immunotherapy.Thus,while a holistic view of lymphocyte infiltration and dysfunction on a single-cell level is emerging,the search for response and prognostic biomarkers is just beginning.Within this review,we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TIL biology,their prognostic benefit,and their predictive value for therapy. | Sterre T.Paijens Annege Vledder Marco de Bruyn Hans W.Nijman | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 37 |
| 11 | 1960-2005年长江流域降水极值概率分布特征显示文摘根据1960-2005年长江流域147个气象站逐日降水观测资料和ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式20世纪试验期(1941-2000年)79个格点逐日降水模拟资料,建立年最大强降水AM(annual maximum)序列及汛期日降水量<1.27mm的最长干旱持续天数MI(Munger index)序列,分析了长江流域降水极值序列的时空分布特征和概率分布模式。结果表明:1)长江流域强降水事件的强度和概率最大的地区位于岷沱江流域中游、洞庭湖湖区、长江中下游干流区与鄱阳湖东南部支流等地区,干旱事件强度和概率最大的地区位于金沙江流域中下游与嘉陵江流域;2)气候模式模拟的长江流域AM事件的多年平均值普遍高于观测值,但离差系数普遍低于观测值;3)气候模式模拟结果与观测的降水极值空间分布有一定的差异,但对气候模式和实际观测的降水极值概率分布的拟合,均证明Wakeby分布函数能够较好地拟合降水极值的概率分布。 | 苏布达 Marco Gemmer 姜彤 任国玉 | 2007 | 气候变化研究进展2007，3，4： | 34 |
| 12 | BMJ:低剂量CT肺癌筛查的辐射剂量与患癌风险显示文摘2017年2月8日的《BMJ》刊载了一项研究,旨在评估每年进行低剂量CT肺癌筛查的累积辐射剂量及其引起的终生癌症发病风险。 | Rampinelli C De Marco P Origgi D | 2017 | 疾病监测2017，32，2： | 31 |
| 13 | Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets显示文摘Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of HI, on as fed basis: 0%(HI0, control diet), 25%(HI25) and 50%(HI50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. In the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first trial.Results: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of HI larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of HI inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in HI25 if compared to HI50.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted HI larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observed negative effects of the insect meal on the FA composition of dorsal muscle. | M. Renna A. Schiavone F. Gai S. Dabbou C. Lussiana V. Malfatto M. Prearo M. T. Capucchio I. Biasato E. Biasibetti M. De Marco A. Brugiapaglia I. Zoccarato L. Gasco | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 32 |
| 14 | Management of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers显示文摘Diabetic foot(DF) is a common complication of diabetes and the first cause of hospital admission in diabetic patients. In recent years several guidelines have been proposed to reinforce the the management of DF with a notable increase in diabetes knowledge and an overall reduction of amputations. Significant improvements have been reached in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs) and nowadays clinicians have several advanced medications to apply for the best local therapy. Among these, negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT) is a useful adjunct in the management of chronic and complex wounds to promote healing and wound bed preparation for surgical procedures such as skin grafts and flap surgery. NPWT has shown remarkable results although its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. In this paper, we offer a complete overview of this medication and its implication in the clinical setting. We have examined literature related to NPWT concerning human, animal and in vitro studies, and we have summarized why, when and how we can use NPWT to treat DFUs. Further we have associated our clinical experience to scientific evidence in the field of diabetic foot to identify a defined strategy that could guide clinician in the use of NPWT approaching to DFUs. | Marco Meloni Valentina Izzo Erika Vainieri Laura Giurato Valeria Ruotolo Luigi Uccioli | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，4： | 33 |
| 15 | Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:Effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features显示文摘Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization. | Sihem Dabbou Francesco Gai Ilaria Biasato Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Biasibetti Daniela Dezzutto Marco Meneguz Iveta Plachà Laura Gasco Achille Schiavone | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 34 |
| 16 | Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in children is becoming a major health concern. A 'multiple-hit' pathogenetic model has been suggested to explain the progressive liver damage that occurs among children with NAFLD. In addition to the accumulation of fat in the liver, insulin resistance(IR) and oxidative stress due to genetic/epigenetic background, unfavorable lifestyles, gut microbiota and gut-liver axis dysfunction, and perturbations of trace element homeostasis have been shown to be critical for disease progression and the development of more severe inflammatory and fibrotic stages [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)]. Simple clinical and laboratory parameters, such as age, history, anthropometrical data(BMI and waist circumference percentiles), blood pressure, surrogate clinical markers of IR(acanthosis nigricans), abdominal ultrasounds, and serum transaminases, lipids and glucose/insulin profiles, allow a clinician to identify children with obesity and obesity-related conditions, including NAFLD and cardiovascular and metabolic risks. A liver biopsy(the 'imperfect' gold standard) is required for a definitive NAFLD/NASH diagnosis, particularly to exclude other treatable conditions or when advanced liver disease is expected on clinical and laboratory grounds and preferably prior to any controlled trial of pharmacological/surgical treatments. However, a biopsy clearly cannot represent a screening procedure. Advancements in diagnostic serum and imaging tools, especially for the non-invasive differentiation between NAFLD and NASH, have shown promising results, e.g., magnetic resonance elastography. Weight loss and physical activity should be the first option of intervention.Effective pharmacological treatments are still under development; however, drugs targeting IR, oxidative stress, proinflammatory pathways, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota and gut liver axis dysfunction are an option for patients who are unable to comply with the recommended lifestyle changes. When morbid obesity prevails, bariatric surgery should be considered. | Maria Grazia Clemente Claudia Mandato Marco Poeta Pietro Vajro | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，36： | 32 |
| 17 | 长江流域降水极值的变化趋势显示文摘依据1960-2005年长江流域147个气象站逐日降水,ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式模拟的长江流域79个格点20世纪实验期(1941-2000年)以及未来3种排放情景(SRES-B1,A1B,A2)下21世纪前50年逐日降水数据,建立年最大强降水和汛期<1.27 mm/d的最长干旱持续天数序列。运用广义极值分布,广义帕雷托分布,广义逻辑分布与韦克比分布等4种分布函数定量拟合了长江流域降水极值的概率分布。研究表明:韦克比分布函数能够较好地拟合长江流域降水极值的概率分布。在3种排放情景下,未来降水极值的重现期呈现不同的空间分布特征。长江流域,尤其是中下游大部地区,1951-2000年间的50年一遇强降水和干旱事件,在2001-2050年间发展成为25年一遇降水极值事件。未来气候变暖条件下,降水极值重现期出现的这种变化趋势,将会对水资源趋势产生重大的影响。 | 姜彤 苏布达 MARCO Gemmer | 2008 | 水科学进展2008，19，5： | 30 |
| 18 | Introducing an enhanced recovery after surgery program in colorectal surgery:A single center experience显示文摘AIM:To study the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)program at a large University Hospital from'pilot study'to'standard of care'.METHODS:The study was designed as a prospective single centre cohort study.A prospective evaluation of compliance to a protocol based on full application of all ERAS principles,through the progressive steps of its implementation,was performed.Results achieved in the initial pilot study conducted by a dedicated team(n=47)were compared to those achieved in the shared protocol phase(n=143)three years later.Outcomes were length of postoperative hospital stay,readmission rate,compliance to the protocol and morbidity.Primary endpoint was the description of the results and the identification of critical issues of large scale implementation of an ERAS program in colorectal surgery emerged in the experience of a single center.Secondary endpoint was the identification of interventions that have been proven to be effective for facilitating the transition from traditional care pathways to a multimodal management protocol according to ERAS principles in colorectal surgery at a single center.RESULTS:During the initial pilot study(March 2009 to December 2010;47 patients)conducted by a dedicated multidisciplinary team,compliance to the items of ERAS protocol was 93%,with a median length of hospital stay(LOS)of 3 d.Early anastomotic fistulas were observed in 2 cases(4.2%),which required reoperation(Clavien-Dindo gradeⅢb).None of the patients had been discharged before the onset of the complication,which could therefore receive prompt treatment.There were also four(8.5%)minor complications(ClavienDindo gradeⅡ).Thirty days readmission rate was 4%.Perioperative mortality was nil.After implementation of the protocol throughout the Hospital in unselected patients(May 2012 to December 2012;147 patients)compliance was 74%,with a median LOS of 6 d.Early anastomotic fistulas were observed in 11 cases(7.7%),5(3.5%)of which required reoperation(Clavien-Dindo gradeⅢb).Two early anastomotic fistulas were treated by radiologic/endoscopic manoeuvres and 4 were treated conservatively.There were also 36(25.2%)minor complications,21(14.7%)of which were Clavien-Dindo gradeⅡand 15(10.5%)of which were Clavien-Dindo gradeⅠ.Only two patients whose course was adversely affected by the development of an anastomotic leak had been discharged before the onset of the complication itself,requiring readmission.Readmission rate within 30 d was 4%.Perioperative mortality was 1%.CONCLUSION:Our results confirm that introduction of an ERAS protocol for colorectal surgery allows quickerpostoperative recovery and shortens the length of stay compared to historical series. | Stefano Bona Mattia Molteni Riccardo Rosati Ugo Elmore Pietro Bagnoli Roberta Monzani Monica Caravaca Marco Montorsi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 30 |
| 19 | Modern approach to cholecysto-choledocholithiasis显示文摘Gallstones and common bile duct calculi are found to be associated in 8%-20% of patients, leading to possible life-threatening complications, such as acute biliary pancreatitis, jaundice and cholangitis. The gold standard of care for gallbladder calculi and isolated common bile duct stones is represented by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, respectively, while a debate still exists regarding how to treat the two diseases at the same time. Many therapeutic options are also available when the two conditions are associated, including many different types of treatment, which local professionals often administer. The need to limit maximum discomfort and risks for the patients, combined with the economic pressure of reducing costs and utilizing resources, favors single-step procedures. However, a multitude of data fail to strongly demonstrate the superiority of any technique(including a two or multi-step approach), while rigorous clinical trials that include so many different types of treatment are still lacking, and it is most likely unrealistic to conduct them in the future. Therefore, the choice of the best management is often led by the local presence of professional expertise and resources, rather than by a real superiority of one strategy over another. | Lapo Bencini Cinzia Tommasi Roberto Manetti Marco Farsi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，2： | 28 |
| 20 | 中国几个农业区的氮肥、土壤氮积累以及政策推荐显示文摘在中国,氮肥的过量施用和作物对氮素回收率的降低造成了农业非点源污染的加重。不同的区域和农作物中氮肥的施用量变化很大,这取决于经济发展程度。比如,在东部地区和对经济作物的氮肥使用量要高于西部地区和谷类作物。甚至,在富裕地区,氮肥的施用量要远远高于中国科学院推荐的施肥量。要成功解决环境保护和作物高产,中国必须形成相应的农业政策鼓励经济发达地区的农民减少氮肥施用量,并且对于小尺度的农田系统和正在扩大的经济作物种植给出常规施肥建议。 | 巨晓棠 刘学军 张福锁 Marco Roelcke 杨晓娟 | 2004 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2004，33，6： | 27 |
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