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| 1 | 学前语言教育的新取向:重视儿童学业语言的发展显示文摘目前国际语言与教育的研究特别关注儿童学业语言的发展和教育。学业语言是儿童语言发展过程中所学习运用的一种特别的语言能力。学业语言是一种可以通过口头语言进行交流,但是具有书面语言特征的语言。学前阶段儿童的学业语言发展具有自身的年龄特点。幼教工作者应该认识到阅读是通向儿童学业语言成长的重要途径;应在阅读基础上或者围绕某个学习内容开展拓展性讨论;应关注说明性讲述活动,帮助学前儿童系统使用学业语言进行表达。 | 周兢 陈思 Catherine Snow Paola Uccelli | 2014 | 学前教育研究2014，，6： | 28 |
| 2 | 学业语言:教育必须重视的学习者语言能力构建显示文摘本文综合和归纳了国际范围近年来对学业语言这一热点话题研究和探索的最新进展,讨论了学业语言的发展与儿童阅读、其他学科的学业水平之间的关系、阐述了学业语言概念的核心内涵、儿童学业语言能力的发展变化规律,以及教育者应如何在实际的学科教学中渗透学业语言的概念,帮助儿童学业语言获得进步。 | 周兢 陈思 Catherine Snow Paola Uccelli | 2013 | 全球教育展望2013，42，12： | 17 |
| 3 | The potential for liquid biopsies in the precision medical treatment of breast cancer显示文摘Currently the clinical management of breast cancer relies on relatively few prognostic/predictive clinical markers(estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2), based on primary tumor biology. Circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells(CTCs) may enhance our treatment options by focusing on the very cells that are the direct precursors of distant metastatic disease, and probably inherently different than the primary tumor's biology. To shift the current clinical paradigm, assessing tumor biology in real time by molecularly profiling CTCs or ctDNA may serve to discover therapeutic targets, detect minimal residual disease and predict response to treatment. This review serves to elucidate the detection,characterization, and clinical application of CTCs and ctDNA with the goal of precision treatment of breast cancer. | Victoria A.Forte Dany K.Barrak Mostafa Elhodaky Lily Tung Anson Snow Julie E.Lang | 2016 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2016，13，1： | 13 |
| 4 | 砷对NIH 3T3细胞谷胱甘肽水平、相关酶活性及其基因表达的影响显示文摘[目的]探讨急性、慢性砷暴露对小鼠成纤维细胞 (NIH3T3细胞 )氧化还原状态的影响 ,进而探讨其对细胞谷胱甘肽 (GSH)水平、相关酶活性及其基因表达的影响。[方法]将经过不同浓度砷处理的细胞 ,抽提细胞总蛋白。采用经过改进的Clark法测定细胞中谷胱甘肽 ;采用Thomas法测定谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR)活性 ;使用分光光度法测定谷胱甘肽与1 氯 2 ,4 二硝基苯 (CDNB)的结合以确定谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GST)活性。采用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和固定化蛋白质的免疫学测定法测定血红素氧化酶 (HO 1)蛋白表达 ;采用RNA印迹法测定谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)的基因表达。[结果]急性砷处理细胞在较低浓度范围可以引起GSH水平的增加 ;而当砷浓度高于25μmol/L时 ,GSH水平降低 ;在0.1和0.5 μmol/L慢性染毒之后细胞GSH水平明显降低。然而 ,在急性和慢性砷处理组GST和GR的活性均有升高 ,而在高浓度24h处理组则显著降低 ;GR的mRNA水平与GR的活性相一致 ,在急、慢性染毒组中均表现为GR的mRNA表达上调 ;砷可以引起血红素氧化酶 1(HO 1)蛋白水平的增加。急性、慢性砷处理均引起GSH Px mRNA表达下调。[结论]三价砷可以引起氧化应激、GSH水平改变、以及相关酶活性及其基因表达的改变 ,急性与慢性砷接触对GSH系统? | 胡宇 金喜梅 王国荃 Snow Elizabeth T | 2003 | 环境与职业医学2003，20，6： | 8 |
| 5 | Arthroscopic treatment options for irreparable rotator cuff tears of the shoulder显示文摘The management of patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears remains a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons with the final treatment option in many algorithms being either a reverse shoulder arthroplasty or a tendon transfer. The long term results of these procedures are however still widely debated, especially in younger patients. A variety of arthroscopic treatment options have been proposed for patients with an irreparable rotator cuff tear without the presence of arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. These include a simple debridement with or without a biceps tenotomy, partial rotator cuff repair with or without an interval slide, tuberplasty, graft interposition of the rotator cuff, suprascapular nerve ablation, superior capsule reconstruction and insertion of a biodegradable spacer(Inspace) to depress the humeral head. These options should be considered as part of the treatment algorithm in patients with an irreparable rotator cuff and could be used as either as an interim procedure, delaying the need for more invasive surgery in the physiologically young and active, or as potential definitive procedures in the medically unfit.The aim of this review is to highlight and summarise arthroscopic procedures and the results thereof currently utilised in the management of these challenging patients. | Cameron M Anley Samuel KL Chan Martyn Snow | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，5： | 8 |
| 6 | A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau显示文摘A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3, 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau. | CHEN BaiLian1,3, ZHANG RenHe2, SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2, XIAO CunDe4,2 & ZHANG TingJun5 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 5 The National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449, USA | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture medium.CONCLUSION The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds. | Tomasz Kostrzewski Terri Cornforth Sophie A Snow Larissa Ouro-Gnao Cliff Rowe Emma M Large David J Hughes | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，2： | 6 |
| 8 | Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis and metaregression with single arm analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)has shown to be effective in management of colorectal neoplasm in the Asian countries,while its implementation in Western countries where endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)is preferred is still debatable.AIM To compare the surgical,histological,and oncological outcomes between ESD and EMR in the treatment of colorectal polyps,with subgroup analysis comparing the efficacy of ESD and EMR between Japan and the rest of the world.METHODS Embase and Medline databases were searched from inception to October 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for studies comparing en bloc,complete resection,margin involvement,resection time,need for additional surgery,complications,and recurrence rate of ESD with EMR.RESULTS Of 281344 colorectal polyps from 21 studies were included.When compared to EMR,the pooled analysis revealed ESD was associated with higher en bloc and complete resection rate,and lower lateral margin involvement and recurrence.ESD led to increased procedural time,need for additional surgery,and perforation risk.No significant difference in bleeding risk was found between the two groups.Meta-regression analysis suggested only right colonic polyps correlated with an increased perforation risk in ESD.Confounders including polyp size and invasion depth did not significantly influence the en bloc and complete resection rate,bleeding risk and recurrence.In subgroup analysis,Japan performed better than the rest of the world in both ESD and EMR with perforation risk of 4%and 0.0002%,respectively,as compared to perforation risk of 8%and 1%,respectively,in reports coming from rest of the world.CONCLUSION ESD resulted in better resection outcomes and lower recurrence compared to EMR.With appropriate training,ESD is preferred over EMR as the first-line therapy for resection of colorectal polyps,without restricting to lesions greater than 20 mm and those with high suspicion of submucosal invasion. | Xiong Chang Lim Kameswara Rishi Yeshayahu Nistala Cheng Han Ng Snow Yunni Lin Darren Jun Hao Tan Khek-Yu Ho Choon-Seng Chong Mark Muthiah | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，25： | 4 |
| 9 | Characteristics of solar-irradiance spectra from measurements,modeling,and theoretical approach显示文摘An accurate solar-irradiance spectrum is needed as an input to any planetary atmosphere or climate model.Depending on the spectral characteristics of the chosen model,uncertainties in the iradiance may introduce significant differences in atmospheric and climate predictions.This is why several solar spectral-irradiance data sets have been published during the last decade.They have been obtained by different methods:either measurements from a single instrument or a composite of different spectra,or they are theoretical or semi-empirical solar models.In this paper,these spectral datasets will be compared in terms of iradiance,power per spectral interval,their derived solar-atmosphere brightness temperature,and time series.Whatever the different sources of these spectra are,they generally agree to within their quoted accuracy.The solar-rotation effect simultaneously observed by SORCE and PREMOS-PIC ARD is accurately measured.The 11-year long-term variability remains a difficult task,given the weak activity of solar cycle 24 and long-term instrument aging. | Gerard Thuillier Ping Zhu Martin Snow Peng Zhang Xin Ye | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Nat Genet:单基因突变导致过敏性皮炎的发生显示文摘最近,研究者们鉴定出了一类导致神经性皮炎发生的关键基因突变:CARDll。来自美国NIH过敏与传染病研究所的研究者们通过对四个没有血缘关系的患病家庭进行分析,发现了这一导致疾病产生的基因、 | Chi A Ma, Yuan Zhang, Michael A Weinreich, Jonathan J Lyons, Celeste G Nelson, Thomas DiMaggio, Kelly D Stone, Joshua D Milner Jeffrey R Stinson, Elisa Ruffo, Batsukh Dorjbal, Swadhinya Arjunaraja, Kelsey Voss, Andrew L Snow Jordan K Abbott, Pia J Hauk, Paul R Reynolds, Erwin W Gelfand Elisa Ruffo Salomé Glauzy, Natsuko Yamakawa, Eric Meffre Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Sergio D Rosenzweig Yu Zhang, Helen F Matthews Joshua J McElwee Nina Jones Alejandro Palma, Matías Oleastro, Emma Prieto, Andrea R Bernasconi, Geronimo Dubra, Silvia Danielian, Jonathan Zaiat, Marcelo A Marti Brian Kim Megan A Cooper Neil Romberg | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，27： | 3 |
| 11 | Is colonic lavage a suitable alternative for left-sided colonic emergencies?显示文摘BACKGROUND The use of intra-operative colonic lavage(IOCL)with primary anastomosis remains controversial in the emergency left-sided large bowel pathologies,with alternatives including Hartmann’s procedure,manual decompression and subtotal colectomy.AIM To compare the peri-operative outcomes of IOCL to other procedures.METHODS Electronic databases were searched for articles employing IOCL from inception till July 13,2020.Odds ratio and weighted mean differences(WMD)were estimated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes respectively.Single-arm meta-analysis was conducted using DerSimonian and Laird random effects.RESULTS Of 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis,involving 1142 undergoing IOCL,and 634 other interventions.IOCL leads to comparable rates of wound infection when compared to Hartmann’s procedure,and anastomotic leak and wound infection when compared to manual decompression.There was a decreased length of hospital stay(WMD=-7.750;95%CI:-13.504 to-1.996;P=0.008)compared to manual decompression and an increased operating time.Single-arm meta-analysis found that overall mortality rates with IOCL was 4%(CI:0.03-0.05).Rates of anastomotic leak and wound infection were 3%(CI:0.02-0.04)and 12%(CI:0.09-0.16)respectively.CONCLUSION IOCL leads to similar rates of post-operative complications compared to other procedures.More extensive studies are needed to assess the outcomes of IOCL for emergency left-sided colonic surgeries. | Hui Yu Tham Wen Hui Lim Sneha Rajiv Jain Cheng Han Mg Snow Yunni Lin Jie Ling Xiao Fung Joon Foo Kar Yong Wong Choon Seng Chong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2021，13，4： | 3 |
| 12 | A Mechanical Comparison of the Locking Compression Plate (LCP) and the Low Contact-Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) in an Osteoporotic Bone Model显示文摘 | Martyn Snow Graham Thompson Phillip G Turner | 2008 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2008，，2： | 2 |
| 13 | 生长激素不足青少年芳香化酶抑制剂治疗后的精液分析:与正常对照的比较性研究 | Mauras N. Bell J. Snow B.G. Winslow K.L. 李跃萍 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(妇产科学分册)2005，0，12： | 2 |
| 14 | The development of conversation between mothers and babies *显示文摘 | Catherine E. Snow | 1977 | Journal of Child Language1977，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Evaluation of operative cholangiography in 2043 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘 | L. L. Snow L. S. Weinstein J. K. Hannon D. R. Lane | 2001 | Surgical Endoscopy2001，，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Knee salvage procedures: The indications, techniques and outcomes of large osteochondral allografts显示文摘The overall incidence of osteochondral defect in the general population is estimated to be 15 to 30 per100000 people.These lesions can become symptomatic causing pain,swelling and decreased function of the knee,and may eventually progress to osteoarthritis.In the young and active population,partial or total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is rarely the treatment of choice due to risk of early failure.Osteochondral allograft transplantation has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment of large osteochondral and chondral defects of the knee in appropriately selected patients.The treatment reduces pain,improves function and is a viable limb salvage procedure for patients,especially young and active patients for whom TKA is not recommended.Either large dowels generated with commercially available equipment or free hand shell allografts can be implanted in more posterior lesions.Current recommendations for fresh allografts stored at4C advise implantation within 21-28 d of procurement for optimum chondrocyte viability,following screening and testing protocols.Higher rates of successful allograft transplantation are observed in younger patients,unipolar lesions,normal or corrected malalignment,and defects that are treated within 12 mo of symptom onset.Patients with bipolar lesions,uncorrectable malalignment,advanced osteoarthritis,and those over40 tend to have less favourable outcomes. | Karen Chui Lee Jeys Martyn Snow | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Tenofovir Is Effective Alone or With Emtricitabine in Adefovir-Treated Patients With Chronic-Hepatitis B Virus Infection显示文摘 | Thomas Berg Patrick Marcellin Fabien Zoulim Bernd Moller Huy Trinh Sing Chan Emilio Suarez Fabien Lavocat Andrea Snow–Lampart David Frederick Jeff Sorbel Katyna Borroto–Esoda David Oldach Franck Rousseau | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 2 |
| 18 | 全球气候研究计划 (WCRP)中的气候与冰冻圈项目 (CliC) :冰冻圈与气候的优先研究领域 (英)显示文摘The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system, however, many aspects of the cryosphere have not been fully covered within WCRP. Issues relating to potential changes in the climate cryosphere system become more and more important in order to describes research and coordination initiatives required to integrate fully studies of impact and response of the cryosphere to climate change. The article also indicates the recent progress of CliC, and its future plan. | Roger G. Barry (National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0449, USA) | 2002 | 冰川冻土2002，24，5： | 2 |
| 19 | 砷诱导NIH3T3细胞转化模型的建立显示文摘目的 :为进行砷诱导细胞转化的分子机制研究建立砷诱导的细胞转化模型。方法:选择 NIH 3T3小鼠成纤维细胞作为研究对象。通过细胞砷毒性实验 ,分别选择 0 .1、0 .5μm ol/ L As( )作为诱导剂量染毒诱导 ,同时设立两个对照组同步进行培养和传代。观察比较 As( )处理组和对照组细胞的形态、生物学生长特性、细胞砷毒性的变化 ,并进行半固定琼脂生长实验以确定细胞转化模型。结果 :NIH3T3细胞经 0 .1、0 .5 μm ol/ L As( ) 110d的长期低剂量诱导后发生了细胞生物学改变 ,主要表现为 :细胞呈复层生长 ,倍增时间明显缩短 ;细胞寿命由体外有限传代 (约 30代左右 )变为体外无限传代 ;0 .1μmol/ L As( )组细胞在半固体琼脂上生长并形成细胞集落。结论 :慢性低剂量砷暴露可以诱导细胞转化 ,该模型的建立及其相关实验技术条件的确立可应用于砷诱导细胞转化的有关分子机制的进一步研究。 | 胡宇 金喜梅 王国荃 Snow ET | 2004 | 新疆医科大学学报2004，27，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya显示文摘 | Wendy P O'Meara Phillip Bejon Tabitha W Mwangi Emelda A Okiro Norbert Peshu Robert W Snow Charles RJC Newton Kevin Marsh | 2008 | The Lancet2008，，9649： | 2 |
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